Physics of Solar Planetary Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solar - Terrestrial Physics, June 7-18,1976 Boulder, Colorado, Volume I

522 Pages·1976·8.355 MB·English

PHYSICS OF SOLAR PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS
Copyright ¸ 1976 by the American Geophysical Union
I_ibrary of Congress No. 76-29443
I SBN 8-87590-204-9
PHYSICS OF SOLAR PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS
Proceedingso f the
InternationalS ymposiumo n Solar--TerrestriaPl hysics
JUNE 7-18,1976
BOULDER, COLORADO
VOLUME I
Edited by Donald J. Williams
Publishedb y American GeophysicalU nion
SPONSORED BY
AHERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION
CO-SPONSORED BY
, (cid:127)
COHHITTEE ON SPACE RESEARCH
SPECIAL COHHITTEE ON SOLAR TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOHICAL UNION
HOSTED BY
NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATHOSPHERIC ADHINISTRATION
NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATHOSPHERIC RESEARCH
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
UNIVERSITY OF DENVER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
FOREWARD
xi
INTRODUCTION xiii
INVITED REVIEW PAPERS AND INVITED PAPERS
VOLUME I
SESSION
IS-I SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM-SOLARC YCLE MANIFESTATIONS
SOLARC YCLE REVIEW (GENERALA SPECTS)
S.-I. Akasofu, University of Alaska
PHENOMENOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE SOLAR CYCLE 34
Robert Howard, Hale Observatories
SOLAR CYCLE MANIFESTATIONS IN THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM 47
Herbert S. Bridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
SOLAR CYCLE MANIFESTATIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE-UPPER
ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM 63
Bengt Hultqvist, Kiruna Geophysical Institute
TS-I SOLAR DYNAMICS AND MODULATIONO F SOLAR PHOTONA ND PARTICLE FLUX
MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE 89
Jacques M. Beckers, Sacramento Peak Observatory
THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CORONAL HOLES 114
J. D. Bohlin, E. O. Hulbert Center for Space Research,
Naval Research Laboratory
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS 129
Zden(cid:127)k (cid:127)vestka, AmericaSn cience& EngineeringI,n c.
THE SOLAR FLARE PHENOMENON 144
E. R. Priest, The University, St. Andrews, Scotland
ANALOGIES OF SOLAR FLARES AND MAGNETOSPHERIC STORMS 170
Tatsuzo Obayashi, University of Tokyo
SOLAR FLARE X-RAY AND EUV EMISSION: A TERRESTRIAL VIEWPOINT 178
Richard F. Donnelly, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
RADIO OBSERVATIONS OF CORONAL PHENOMENA AND SOLAR FLARES 193
S. F. Smerd, CSIRO, Australia
SOLAR PARTICLE EMISSION 214
E. C. Roelof, Johns Hopkins University, Applied
Physics Laboratory
v
I$-2 ENERG(cid:127) TRANSFER PROCESSES IN NATURAL PLASMAS
DIFFUSION PROCESSES IN MAGNETIZED PLASMAS 232
D. B. Melro%e, The Australian National University
LABORATOREYX PERIMENTS( PLASMAI NTRUSION INTO THE 241
MAGNETICF IELD)
I. M. Podgorny, 5pace Research Institute, Academy of
Rciences, USSR
INTERPRETATION OF LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS OF INTEREST
TO 5PACE PHYSICS 255
Lars P. Block, The Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM-PROPAGATION OF THE SOLAR OUTPUT
THROUGHOUTT HE SOLAR SYSTEM
FLOW OF MASS AND ENERGY IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 27O
W. I. Axford, Max-Planck-lnstitut f(cid:127)r Aeronomie
M-REGION PHENOMENA
L. F. Burlaga, Goddard 5pace Flight Center, NASA
TRANSIENT PHENOMENA IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE AND SOLAR WIND 286
J. T. Gosling, University of California, Los A1amos
Scientific Laboratory
SOLAR WIND OBSERVATIONS THROUGHOUT THE SOLAR SYSTEM 304
Michael D. Montgomery, Max-P1anck-lnstitut f(cid:127)r Physik
and Astrophysik
PRELIMINARY RESULT5 OF HELIOS PLASMA MEASUREMENT5 319
H. Rosenbauer, H. Miggenrieder, M. Montgomery,
R. 5chwenn, Max-Planck Institute
MARINER 10 INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD RESULTS 332
K. W. Behannon, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM AT LARGE HELIOCENTRIC DISTANCES:
PIONEERS1 0 AND 11'
Edwin J. Smith, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
John N. Wolfe, Ames Research Center
ENERGETIC PARTICLES THROUGHOUT SOLAR SYSTEH 346
G. Wibberenz, Institut f(cid:127)r Reine und Angewandte
Kernphysik, Universit(cid:127)t Kiel, FRG
OUR QUANTITATIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CORONAL EXPANSION 366
Thomas E. Nolzer, High Attitude Observatory, NCAR
Manuscript Not Available
vi
THE INTERNAL PLASMA STATE OF THE HIGH SPEED SOLAR
WIND AT 1AU 413
W. C. Feldman, B. Abraham-Shrauner, J. R. Asbridge, S. J. Bame
University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
THE INFLUENCE OF CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE SOLAR WIND 428
G. W. Pneuman, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR
LATITUDINALV ARIATIONSI N THE SOLARW IND 443
S. T. Suess, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
THES OLAWR IND--WHNAETX T?
Thomas Gold, Cornell University
IS-3 (cid:127)LASMA BOUNDARV LAVERS AND SHOCKS
COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS 464
A. A. Galeev, Space Research Institute,
Academy of Sciences, USSR
PLASMBAO UNDARIIENS S PACE
Michael Schulz, ß The Aerospace Corporation
HYDROMAGNETITCU RBULENCEA SSOCIATEDW ITH PLASMAD ISCONTINUITIES 505
Akira Hasegawa and Kinioki Mima, Bell Laboratories
VOLUME
TS-3 DVNAMICS OF THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE-ATMOSPHSEVRSET EM
A SUMMARYO F OBSERVATIONSO F THE EARTH'S BOWS HOCK 511
D. H. Fairfield, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
RECONNEXION 526
C. T. Russell, University of Californi& at Los Angeles
MAGNETOPAUSAEN D BOUNDARYL AYER 541
Bengt U. O. Sonnerup, Dartmouth College
THE MAGNETOTAIL: ITS GENERATIONA ND DISSIPATION 558
Edward W. Hones, Jr., University of California,
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
FIELD AND PARTICLE OBSERVATIONS IN THE MAGNETOTAIL RELATED
TO THE RECONNECTION PROCESS 572
A. Nis(cid:127)hida, University of Tokyo
ENERGYT RANSPORTA NO OIFFUSION 582
S. W. H. Cowley, Imperial College, London
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELDS AND MAGNETOSPHERIC PHENOMENA:
DEPENDENCE OF POLAR CAP MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE NORTHWARD
COMPONENOTF THE IMF 608
Kiyoski Maezawa, University of Tokyo
vii
CONVECTION 617
M. Harel, R. A. Wolf, Rice University
MAGNETOSPHERIC INSTABILITIES
Richard M. Thorn(cid:127), University of California at Los Angeles
,
THE MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE SYSTEM
V. Vasyliunas, Max-Planck-Institute
THE DYNAMICS OF THE IONOSPHERE AND UPPER ATMOSPHERE 63O
J. V..Evans, M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory
THE COLD PLASMA THROUGHOUT THE MAGNETOSPHERE 672
K. I. Gringauz, Space Research Institute, Academy of
Sciences, USSR
HOT PLASMAS IN THE EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE 685
L. A. Frank, The University of Iowa
RING CURRENT LOSS MECHANISMS AND COMPOSITION AS INFERRED 701
FROM EQUATORIAL PITCH ANGLE DISTRIBUTIONS OBSERVED DURING
A STORM RECOVERY PHASE
Lawrence R. Lyons, NOAA, Space Environment Laboratory
ION COMPOSITION 716
Theodore A. Fritz, NOAA(cid:127) Space Environment Laboratory
THE ACCELERATION OF CHARGED PARTICLES AT LOW ALTITUDES 730
David S. Eva,(cid:127)s, NOAA(cid:127) Space Environment Laboratory
SUBSTORM EFFECTS OBSERVED IN THE AURORAL PLASMA 740
J. L. Burch, S. A. Fields, R. A. Heel is
Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA
ELECTROSTATIC TURBULENCE IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE 760
Donald A. Gurnett, The University of Iowa
THE ROLE OF MANMADE VLF SIGNALS AND NOISE IN WAVE-PARTICLE
INTERACTIONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE 772
C. G. Park, Stanford University
HYDROMAGNETIC WAVES. 784
L. J. Lanzerotti, Bell Laboratories
IS-4 ORIGIN OF MAGNETIC FIELDS THROUGHOUTTH E SOLAR SYSTEM
LARGE-SCALE PLASMA PROCESSES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM 798
K. Schindler, Ruhr-Universit(cid:127)t BochumF,R G
THE MAGNETIC FIELDS OF PLANETS 812
E. N. Parker, University of Chicago
*ManuscriptN ot Available
viii
Page
TS-4 DYNAMICS OF PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERE-IONOSPHERES YSTEMS
JUPITER'S DISTANT ENVIRONMENT 836
M. G. Kivelson, University of California at Los Angeles
THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE OF JUPITER
W. Fillius, University of California at San Diego
MARS-PLASMAE NVIRONMENT 854
O. L. Vaisberg, Space Research Institute, USSR
THE MAGNETOSPHEROEF MARS 872
Sh. Sh. Dolginov, Academy of Science, USSR
ß
INTERACTION OF THE SOLARW IND WITH VENUS 889
R. E. Hattie, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
ION FLUX PARAMETERS IN THE SOLAR WIND - VENUS INTERACTION
REGIONA CCORDINGT O VENERA-9A ND VENERA-10 DATA 904
O. L. Vaisberg, S. A. Romanov, V. N. Smirnov, I. P. Karpinsky,
B. I. Khazanov, B. V. Polenov, A. V. Bogdanov and N.M. Antonov
Space Research Institute, USSR
PLASMAO BSERVATIONSN EAR VENUS ONBOARDT HE VENERA9 AND IO
SATELLITES BY MEANSO F WIDE-ANGLE PLASMAD ETECTORS 918
K. I. Gringauz, V. V. Bezrukikh, T. K. Breus, T. Gombosi,
A. P. Remozov, M. I. Verigin and G. I. Volkov
Space Research Institute, USSR
MAGNETICF IELD MEASUREMENATRSO UNDVE NUS*
Sh. Sh. Dolginov, Ye. G. Yeroshenko, L. N. Zhugov, B. V. Busin,
and V. A. Shatova, Academy of Sciences, USSR
THE MAGNETOSPHERE OF MERCURY 933
N. F. Ness, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
IS-5 SOLAR TERRESTRIAL SYSTEM: LONG TERM VARIATIONS
HISTORY OF SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS AS DEDUCED FROM
SPACECRAFATN DG EOMAGNETDICA TA:S OLARM REGIONS 947
J. M. Wilcox, Stanford University
THE SUN SINCE THE BRONZEA GE 958
J. Eddy, High Altitude Observatory, NCAR
AGEORMACGNHETICE OSECMUALANAR PDGVAAR NIALTEIOENTSO ICMAS SAINTDGICUAN D(cid:127) EEDI ETBYSI C
Edwin E. Larson, University of Colorado
,
SOLAR WIND IN THE PAST
Johannes Geiss, Universitat Bern
Manuscript Not Available
LONG-TERM ASPECTS OF MAGNETOSPHERIC VARIABILITY 973
G. L. Siscoe, University of CAlifornia at Los Angeles
TS-5 EFFECTS OF SOLA(cid:127) TERRESTRIAL DYNAMICS ON MAN'S IMMEDIATE
ENVIRONMENT
CAUSE-EFFECT INFERENCES IN GEOPHYSICAL STATISTICAL STUDIES 1005
C. O. Hines, University of Toronto
E(cid:127)IDENCE OF SUN-WEATHER RELATIONS 1012
L. Svalgaard, Stanford University
SOLAR-WEATHESRT UDIES--PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS*
George C. Reid, NOAA
SPAC.E CRAFT CHARGING PROBLEMS 1024
Alan Rosen, TRW Systems Group
Manuscript Not Available
FOREWARD
The International Symposiumo n Solar-Terrestrial Physics held in Boulder,
Colorado on June 7-18, 1976, was an attempt to critically look at energy,
momentum, and mass transfer processes throughout the solar system as well as
an attempt to bring together for a two-week period active researchers through-
out most aspects of solar system physics. The meeting was sponsored by the
American Geophysical Union and co-sponsored by the IUGG/IAGA, COSPARa nd
SCOSTEP. The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, the
National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado and the
University of Denver hosted the meeting.
The meeting was attended by 428 registrants representing 22 countries.
A list (cid:127)f registrants, as well as the final program of invited speakers are
enclosed for reference purposes.
The invited speakers did an excellent job both in preparing their talks
and in promptly submitting their manuscripts so that the Proceedings could be
published in a timely manner.
I wish to thank the Program Committee, listed below, for their help in
planning the program, and in particular Drs. A. J. Hundhausen, G. Newkirk,
J. G. Roederer, G. Speiser and N. F. Ness for the extra efforts they contri-
buted to the success of th'is meeting. I further wish to thank the Organizing
Committee, listed below, and in particular Dr. H. Sauer for the extraordinary
contribution he made in guaranteeing a successful meeting through its
excellent organization and attention to the needs of the registrants. Aiding
Dr. Sauer in this latter effort were Ms. N. Hayes and P. Yotka.
These proceedings contain all available invited presentations. Since
these papers have been read only for grammatical errors and obvious mistakes,
the publisher and editor take no responsibility for the content of any indivi-
dual paper. In several instances, significant rewriting was necessary to try
to convey clearly the intent of the author. However, this was held to a mini-
mum in order that the flavor of the author's style of expression remained.
I would like to thank Drs. D. S. Evans, M. Dryer, H. Sauer and
Mr. A. G. Jean for assisting in reading these manuscripts.
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Co-Chairmen:
D. J. Williams
J. G. Roederer
P.M. Banks N.F. Ness G.L. Siscoe
F. V. Coroniti G. Newkirk T.W. Speiser
R. W. Filius T. Obayashi V.A. Troitskaya
A. T. Hundhausen H. Rishbeth T.W. Speiser
S. M. Krimigis W.O. Roberts J.M. Wilcox
E. R. Mustel G. Rostoker J.P. Wild
xi