Table Of ContentEngineering Materials
Ali Maleki
Reza Taheri-Ledari Editors
Physicochemical
Aspects
of Metal-Organic
Frameworks
A New Class of Coordinative Materials
Engineering Materials
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Ali Maleki Reza Taheri-Ledari
Editors
Physicochemical Aspects
of Metal-Organic
Frameworks
A New Class of Coordinative Materials
Editors
Ali Maleki Reza Taheri-Ledari
Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research
Laboratory Laboratory
Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry
Iran University of Science and Technology Iran University of Science and Technology
Tehran, Iran Tehran, Iran
ISSN 1612-1317 ISSN 1868-1212 (electronic)
Engineering Materials
ISBN 978-3-031-18674-5 ISBN 978-3-031-18675-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18675-2
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Preface
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are the recent class of coordinative mate-
rials, and this research field has garnered much attention. At the same time, the
MOFs’ synthesis approaches, nodes and ligands adjustments, and different secondary
building units’ utilization have enhanced the MOFs’ structural characterizations. In
this regard, addressing porosity developments, MOF scaffold tunability, structural
stability, and structural defects and disorders were crucial. Also, various physico-
chemical facets of MOFs and the interactions between the MOF precursors and the
MOFs and other chemical moieties have been highlighted. According to the practical
experiences gained in the laboratory, the effective characteristics of MOFs applied
in a vast array of applications, such as catalytic systems, gas adsorption, air purifica-
tion, water remediation, biosensing, energy storage, solar cells, tissue engineering,
wound healing, and drug delivery, have been reviewed by experienced members in
the following 17 chapters. Initially, an overview of MOFs and a logical classification
for MOFs based on the secondary building units (SBUs) is submitted. Subsequently,
preparation and identification approaches, and the nature and chemistry of the interac-
tions in the aforementioned systems, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the compo-
sition states and MOF’s defects were discussed. Next, the role of these materials in
the various facets is investigated. Later, theoretical characterizations through Density
Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are discussed. Also, MOF’s industrialization
and scaling up in the different applications are reviewed. Finally, future perspectives
of these types of coordinative materials and possible developments in the field are
reviewed. In this text, our experienced Ph.D.-graduated authors, with the seniority
v
vi Preface
of Mrs. Fatemeh Ganjali and the accompaniment of our young experts, provide an
advantageous collaboration by passing their knowledge to everyone interested in
MOFs as a recent matter of coordinative materials.
All the best.
Tehran, Iran Ali Maleki
Reza Taheri-Ledari
Acknowledgements Special thanks of Dr. Reza Taheri-Ledari to Miss Fereshteh Rasouli Asl, Mrs.
Simindokht Zarei-Shokat, and Mr. Peyman Ghorbani for their effective accompaniment.
Contents
Overview of Metal Organic Frameworks............................ 1
Simindokht Zarei-Shokat and Fatemeh Ganjali
Classification of the MOFs Based on the Secondary Building Units
(SBUs) ........................................................... 15
Maryam Kamalzare
MOFs Preparation and Synthetic Approache.s....................... 31
Fatemeh Ganjali, Simindokht Zarei-Shokat, and Farinaz Jalali
MOFs Functionalization Approaches................................ 45
Maryam Kamalzare
MOFs Structural Morphologies..................................... 61
Simindokht Zarei-Shokat, Fatemeh Ansari,
Mohadeseh Forouzandeh-Malati, and Ana Zamani
MOFs Bandstructure .............................................. 79
Zoleikha Hajizadeh and Mohammad Mehdi Salehi
Evolution in MOF Porosity, Modularity, and Topolog..y.............. 91
Fatemeh Ganjali, Peyman Ghorbani, Nima Khaleghi,
and Maryam Saidi Mehrabad
MOF Scaffolds Tunability and Flexibility............................ 101
Fereshteh Rasouli Asl, Fatemeh Ganjali, and Zahra Rashvandi
MOF Scaffolds Defects and Disorders............................... 113
Fatemeh Ganjali, Peyman Ghorbani, and Nima Khaleghi
Composition States of MOFs....................................... 139
Fereshte Hassanzadeh-Afruzi and Mohammad Mehdi Salehi
Identification and Analytical Approaches............................ 155
Simindokht Zarei-Shokat, Mohadeseh Forouzandeh-Malati,
Fatemeh Ansari, and Reihane Dinmohammadi
vii
viii Contents
Coordination Chemistry of MOFs................................... 181
Zahra Rashvandi, Fereshteh Rasouli Asl, and Fatemeh Ganjali
Applications of MOFs.............................................. 197
Mohammad Mehdi Salehi, Farhad Esmailzadeh,
and Fereshte Hassanzadeh-Afruzi
Industrialization of MOFs.......................................... 307
Jamal Rahimi and Fatemeh Ganjali
Computational Studies............................................. 327
Fatemeh Ganjali, Peyman Ghorbani, and Nima Khaleghi
Future Outlook.................................................... 333
Fereshteh Rasouli Asl and Fatemeh Ganjali
Conclusion ........................................................ 337
Fatemeh Ganjali
About the Editors
Prof. Dr. Ali Maleki was born in Mianeh, East Azerbaijan in 1980. He received his
Ph.D. in Chemistry in 2009. He started his career as an Assistant Professor in Iran
University of Science and Technology (IUST) in 2010, where he is currently Full
Professor. His research interests focus on design and development of novel catalysts,
nanomaterials, and green chemistry. He has hundreds of ISI-JCR publications. Some
of his honors include: Distinguished Researcher of IUST within 2010–2020; IUPAC
Prize for green chemistry in 2016; and Top 1% International Scientists in ESI (Web
of Science) in 2018, 2019, and 2020.
Dr. Reza Taheri-Ledari was born in Tehran-Iran in 1988. He was graduated from
University of Tehran (UT) in B.Sc. (in 2012) and M.Sc. (in 2015) in Pure and Organic
Chemistry, respectively. Since 2015, he became a Ph.D. student in Organic Chemistry
at Chemistry Department of Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST). He
accomplished his Ph.D. in 2021, and currently works at IUST as a Senior Researcher.
His research interests focus on drug development, drug delivery, high-tech phar-
maceutical compounds like antibody-drug conjugates, and other different types of
micro-and nanomaterials. So far, Reza has succeeded to publish several ISI publi-
cations involving foreign researchers from China, USA, Spain, and Canada. He was
Top Researcher of IUST between 2019 and 2020. Also, he was introduced as a Top
2% Scientists in the World (ESI, Stanford, 2021).
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