Table Of ContentNew
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I Numerical Data
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and Functional Relationships
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·B in Science and Technology
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GROUP III VOLUME 37
Condensed Phase Diagrams
Matter
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ISBN 978-3-642-14132-4
123
9 783642 141324
›
springer.com
Lanndolt-Börrnstein
Nummerical Dataa and Functiional Relatioonships in SScience andd Technologgy
New Series / Edditor in Chieef: W. Martiienssen
Grooup III: CCondenseed Matterr
Vollume 37
Subbvolume B
Phyysical Prooperties oof Ternarry Amorpphous Allloys
Partt 3
Systtems fromm Cr-Fe-P to Si-W--Zr
U. CCarow-Waatamura, DD.V. Louzzguine andd A. Takeuuchi
Editted by Y. KKawazoe, U. Caroww-Watamuura and J.--Z. Yu
ISSN 1615-1925 (Condensed Matter)
ISBN 978-3-642-14132-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Naturwissenschaften und Technik, Neue Serie
Editor in Chief: W. Martienssen
Vol. III/37B3: Editors: Y. Kawazoe, U. Carow-Watamura and J.-Z. Yu
At head of title: Landolt-Börnstein. Added t.p.: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.
Tables chiefly in English.
Intended to supersede the Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen by H. Landolt and R. Börnstein of which the 6th ed. began publication in 1950 under title:
Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik.
Vols. published after v. 1 of group I have imprint: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag
Includes bibliographies.
1. Physics--Tables. 2. Chemistry--Tables. 3. Engineering--Tables.
I. Börnstein, R. (Richard), 1852-1913. II. Landolt, H. (Hans), 1831-1910.
III. Physikalisch-chemische Tabellen. IV. Title: Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology.
QC61.23 502'.12 62-53136
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SPIN: 8001 6708 63/3020 - 5 4 3 2 1 0 Printed on acid-free paper
Institute for Materials Research
Center for Computational Materials Science
Tohoku University
Sendai 980-8577, Japan
email: [email protected]
Institute for Materials Research Deparment of Physics
Center for Computational Materials Science Tsinghua University
Tohoku University Beijing 100084, P.R. China
Sendai 980-8577, Japan email: [email protected]
email: [email protected]
Institute for Materials Research WPI-AIMR
Center for Computational Materials Science Tohoku University
Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577
Sendai 980-8577, Japan email: [email protected]
email: [email protected]
WPI-AIMR
Tohoku University
Sendai 980-8577
email: [email protected]
Tiergartenstr. 17, D-69121 Heidelberg, Germany http://www.springermaterials.com
fax: +49(0) 6221 487-8648
email: [email protected]
The database project AMOR for amorphous materials was started in 1993 with the aim to collect
published and unpublished data on the formation ability (compositions, critical size, etc) of amorphous
materials and their physical and chemical properties. The idea of this project is to provide useful and
essential data for researchers in the world in a compact and easily available form. The data on binary,
ternary and multicomponent systems of amorphous alloys along with their preparation conditions were
collected to date in this database.
In the first volume of this series, LB III/37A, published in 1996, deals with 351 ternary amorphous
alloys found by this publication year and presents 6450 compositions of fully amorphous, mixtures of
amorphous and crystalline, crystalline, quasicrystalline and other phases in form of Gibbs phase triangles
(composition triangles) and tables.
The present volume LB III/37B is a successor volume to LB III/37A and accumulates the data of
structural characterization, thermal, mechanical, magnetic, electric and optical properties as well as the
corrosion behaviour of the ternary alloys listed in volume A. In addition, we have added in this volume B
another 32 ternary amorphous alloy systems found in the period from 1995 to 2008 to compensate for the
lack of important information on ternary amorphous alloys.
Part 3 of volume LBIII/37B contains the systems of ternary amorphous alloys from Cr-Fe-P to
Si-W-Zr. (The systems from Ag-Al-Ca to Au-Pd-Si and from B-Be-Fe to Co-W-Zr are subject of Part 1
and Part 2, respectively.) The reader will find that we have chosen alphabetic order, for example,
Cr-based Cr-Ni-Mo as well as the corresponding Mo-based composition are found in the same section
Cr-Mo-Ni and thus can be easily compared.
Most of the amorphous alloys produced before the 1990s, being marginal glass-formers, have been
obtained in the shape of melt-spun ribbons. At that time much attention has been paid to Fe-based alloys
with metalloids as a solvent, due to their good magnetic properties. With the improvement of the
preparation methods, amorphous alloys are nowadays available as films, ribbons or rods (some of them
with sizes up to several cm), depending on their composition and preparation method. These amorphous
materials demonstrate high strength, good elasticity, high wear and corrosion resistance. Also is the recent
research on amorphous materials not limited any more to pure amorphous alloys of metals or metalloids,
but includes a much wider range of structures such as amorphous-crystalline composites, i.e. crystals
included in an amorphous alloy matrix, which also show very interesting mechanical properties.
Amorphous alloys are an attractive material that can serve as a precursor for producing unprecedented
new materials through crystallization. Examples include the above mentioned amorphous-crystalline
composites and also the quasi-crystals, which have a unique structure and are important for basic research
in physics.
Volumes LB III/37A and B focus on ternary alloy systems, since it is widely accepted among the
researchers in this field that the fundamental properties of amorphous alloys are, in principle, determined
by the properties of the ternary alloy systems. Thus, looking at the ternary systems the reader will easily
grasp the differences between amorphous alloys and their corresponding crystalline counterparts. A third
volume (subvolume C) containing the data for multicomponent, i.e. quaternary, quinary, etc., amorphous
materials, which are of great interest for industrial applications, is now in preparation and we hope to
present it to the reader in the near future.
Sendai, December 2010
We very much appreciate the efforts of Dr. R. Poerschke, the Managing Editor in the early stage of this
project, and Prof. Dr. W. Martienssen, Editor in Chief of the Landolt-Bornstein New Series, who made
the decision to open a new volume of Condensed Matter for our IMR data project. We also would like to
thank Dr. W. Finger, the Development Editor, for checking through the huge manuscript and taking care
of the whole publication process.
We also appreciate the efforts of Prof. Dr. A. Brueckner-Foit, Prof. Dr. T. Kaneko, Prof. Dr. H.
Kimura and Prof. Dr. W. Martienssen who supported our project with helpful explanations and important
comments. We also wish to thank Ms. T. Asai, Ms. I. Chen, Ms. K. Chen, Ms. S. Chen, Ms. E.
Hoshikawa, Ms. E. Hotta, Ms. I. Ishikawa, Ms. R. Itoh, Ms. H. Kameyama, Ms. S. Liew, Ms. L.
Louzguina, Ms. W. Ootsuki, Ms. K. Oyamada, Ms. M. Matsuda, Ms. C. Wang, Dr. Q. Wang, Ms. S. Wu
and Ms. L. Zen who keyed in all the numerical data and created figures and tables with great patience at
the computer, and, in particular, Ms. A. Bahramy, Ms. S. Hongo and Ms. H. Yamaura for their technical
support when correcting and improving the figures for the manuscript. Special thanks are also due to Mr.
R. Note and Mr. K. Sato who shared much of the daily affairs and kept our PCs in best working
conditions, and to Ms. Y. Akiyama, Mr. T. Ito, Mr. S. Miura and Mr. S. Wada, who were in charge of the
management of the IMR Materials Database KIND and the maintenance of the computer system.
Technologically most important systems listed in the present book 3
References for 1 5
2.1 Structural Characterization Technique 6
2.1.1 X-ray Diffractometry 6
2.1.2 Anomalous X-ray Scattering 7
2.1.3 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) 8
2.1.4 Small-Angle X-ray (SAX) or Neutron (SAN) Scattering 9
2.1.5 Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) 9
2.1.6 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 9
2.1.7 Mössbauer Spectroscopy 9
2.2 General Physical Properties 10
2.2.1 Density, Volume and Thermal Expansion Coefficient 10
2.2.2 Viscosity 10
2.2.3 Thermal Stability 11
2.2.3.1 Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) 11
2.2.3.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 11
2.2.3.3 Differential Isothermal Calorimetry 12
2.3 Mechanical Properties 13
2.3.1 Hardness Tests 13
2.3.1.1 Vickers Test 13
2.3.1.2 Vickers Microhardness 13
2.3.1.3 Knoop Hardness 14
2.3.2 Uniaxial Tensile (Compressive) Test 14
2.3.3 Bend Test 15
2.3.4 Fatigue Testing 15
2.3.5 Creep 15
2.4 Magnetic Properties 16
2.4.1 General Description 16
2.4.2 Magnetostriction 17
2.5 Electrical Properties 17
2.5.1 Electrical Resistance 17
2.5.2 Hall Effect 18
2.5.3 Superconductivity 18
2.6 Corrosion Behaviour 19
2.6.1 General Aspects 19
2.6.2 Types of Corrosion 19
References for 2 20
Contents IX
List of Properties Surveyed 24
List of Symbols and Abbreviations 26
.............................................................
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 37
2.4.1 Glass Transition Temperature ........................................ 37
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 38
3.9 Viscosity ....................................................... 38
3.11 Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) .... 39
4.8 Mössbauer Data .................................................. 39
4.8.1 Quadrupole Splitting and Isomer Shift .................................. 40
6 Corrosion Behaviour ............................................... 40
6.1 Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves ..................... 41
References ........................................................... 41
............................................................
2.3 Thermal Expansion and Volume Change................................. 43
4.1.1 Curie Temperature ................................................ 43
4.3 Magnetization Curve and Saturation Magnetic Moment ...................... 44
4.3.1 Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Anisotropy .............................. 44
4.6 Magnetostriction ................................................. 45
6 Corrosion Behaviour ............................................... 45
6.1 Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves ..................... 45
References ........................................................... 45
............................................................
4.1 Thermomagnetic Curve ............................................. 46
4.5 Susceptibility and Cooling Effect ...................................... 46
4.11 Magnetoresistivity ................................................ 46
5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity ......................................... 47
References ........................................................... 47
............................................................
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 48
1.8.6 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy ..................................... 48
6 Corrosion Behaviour ............................................... 48
6.1 Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves ..................... 49
References ........................................................... 49
.............................................................
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 50
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 50
3.5 Hardness ....................................................... 51
5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity ......................................... 51
6 Corrosion Behaviour ............................................... 51
6.1 Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves ..................... 53
References ........................................................... 57
X Contents
............................................................
2.1.1 Electronic Heat Capacity ............................................ 58
2.1.2 UV Photoelectron Spectroscopy....................................... 58
2.1.3 Debye Temperature ................................................ 59
5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity ......................................... 59
References ........................................................... 59
............................................................
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 60
4.1 Thermomagnetic Curve ............................................. 60
4.3.1 Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Anisotropy .............................. 60
4.5 Susceptibiliy and Cooling Effect ...................................... 61
4.11 Magnetoresistivity ................................................ 61
5.1 Resistivity and Conductivity ......................................... 62
References ........................................................... 63
.............................................................
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 64
3.4 Elastic Moduli ................................................... 64
3.5 Hardness ....................................................... 64
References ........................................................... 64
............................................................
1.6 Lattice Parameter ................................................. 65
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 65
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 65
4.8 Mössbauer Spectra ................................................ 66
4.8.1 Quadrupole Splitting and Isomer Shift .................................. 66
References ........................................................... 66
............................................................
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 67
4.8 Mössbauer Spectra ................................................ 67
4.8.1 Quadrupole Splitting and Isomer Shift .................................. 67
References ........................................................... 68
..............................................................
2.4 Glass Transition Temperature ........................................ 69
2.4.1 Reduced Glass Transition Temperature .................................. 69
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 69
2.7.1 Transition Temperature ............................................. 69
2.8 Critical Quantities for Formation of Amorphous Phase ...................... 70
References ........................................................... 70
..............................................................
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 71
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 71
2.4.1 Glass Transition Temperature ........................................ 71
3.2 Tensile Strength, Compressive Strength and Strain ......................... 72
3.4 Elastic Moduli ................................................... 72
References ........................................................... 72
.............................................................
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 73
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 73
References ........................................................... 74
Contents XI
...........................................................
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 75
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 75
3.5 Hardness ....................................................... 75
3.6 Fatigue Strength, Fracture and Critical Fracture Temperature .................. 75
5.8 Superconductivity ................................................. 76
References ........................................................... 76
............................................................
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 77
2.4.1 Glass Transition Temperature ........................................ 77
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 77
3.2 Tensile Strength, Compressive Strength and Strain ......................... 78
3.4 Elastic Moduli ................................................... 78
3.5 Hardness ....................................................... 78
References ........................................................... 78
..............................................................
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 79
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 79
2.4.1 Glass Transition Temperature ........................................ 80
2.4.2 Reduced Glass Transition Temperature .................................. 80
2.5 Crystallisation Temperature .......................................... 80
2.6 Supercooled Liquid Range .......................................... 80
2.7.1 Transition Temperature ............................................. 80
3.1 Stress-Strain Curve ................................................ 81
3.2 Tensile Strength, Compressive Strength and Strain ......................... 81
3.3 Yield Strength ................................................... 81
3.4 Elastic Moduli ................................................... 81
3.6 Fatigue Strength, Fracture and Critical Fracture Temperature .................. 81
6.1 Potentiostatic and Potendiodynamic Polarization Curve ...................... 82
References ........................................................... 82
...........................................................
............................................................
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 84
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 84
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 84
2.5.1 Heat of Crystallization or Relaxation ................................... 85
References ........................................................... 85
...........................................................
..............................................................
1.1 Density and Volume ............................................... 87
1.2 X-ray Diffraction Profile ............................................ 87
2.4 DSC/DTA Curve and Glass Formation .................................. 87
2.4.1 Glass Transition Temperature ........................................ 87
2.4.2 Reduced Glass Transition Temperature .................................. 87
2.5 Crystallization Temperature .......................................... 88
2.5.1 Heat of Crystallization or Relaxation ................................... 88
2.6 Supercooled Liquid Range .......................................... 88
2.7.1 Transition Temperature ............................................. 88
2.8 Critical Quantities for Formation of Amorphous Phase ...................... 88
3.4 Elastic Moduli ................................................... 89
Description:In the present volume physical properties of ternary amorphous alloys are presented. For each of the 385 alloy systems the data, e.g., on density and structure, on thermal, mechanical, magnetic, electrical and optical properties, as well as on corrosion behavior, are provided in text, tables and fig
