Table Of ContentRILEM State-of-the-Art Reports
Pierre Pimienta
Robert Jansson McNamee
Editors
Jean-Christophe Mindeguia
Physical Properties
and Behaviour of
High-Performance
Concrete at High
Temperature
State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM
Technical Committee 227-HPB
RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports
RILEM STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORTS
Volume 29
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8780
Pierre Pimienta Robert Jansson McNamee
(cid:129)
Jean-Christophe Mindeguia
Editors
Physical Properties
and Behaviour
of High-Performance
Concrete at High
Temperature
State-of-the-Art Report of the RILEM
Technical Committee 227-HPB
123
Editors
Pierre Pimienta Jean-Christophe Mindeguia
Department ofSafety, Structures andFire, Institute of Mechanicsand Engineering
CSTB (I2M)
UniversitéParis-Est University of Bordeaux
Marne-la-Vallée, France Talence,France
RobertJansson McNamee
Brandskyddslaget AB
Stockholm, StockholmsLän
Sweden
ISSN 2213-204X ISSN 2213-2031 (electronic)
RILEMState-of-the-Art Reports
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95432-5
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To the memory of Pr. Ulrich Schneider
This state-of-the-art report is dedicated to the
memory of Pr. Ulrich Schneider. Ulrich was
the chairman of the RILEM HPB Technical
Committee. He mapped out our path and
shared with us his impressive deep and
extensive scientific expertise and his human
value. He has left to the scientific community
an immense and rich heritage.
Foreword
High-performance concrete (HPC) is one of the most recent types of concrete
among the materials used routinely in building and civil structures. They were
pioneered in parallel in the USA (for high-rise buildings) and Europe (offshore
industry and bridges), from 1970 to 1985. Other prestigious applications came
rapidly, in particular the Channel Tunnel, linking the UK to continental Europe.
Meanwhile,effortsweremadetoextendtheuseofHPCintheprecastindustry,e.g.,
prestressed, pretensioned beams used inbuildings. The level ofsafety provided by
the structures in case of fire must be thoroughly examined in most applications.
Even in the bridge sector, accidents can occur if trucks carrying inflammable
material bur, inducing severe thermal loads on structural concrete elements.
However,todatethemainreportedfireaccidentswhereHPCwasinvolvedwerein
tunnels, where rapid drop of most of the concrete occurred very quickly.
This state of the art provides a vast and comprehensive review of existing
knowledgeaboutthebehaviorofconcretematerialunderfire,withaspecialbutnot
exclusiveemphasisonHPC.Therefore,itcanbeconsideredasareferencedocument
even for normal structural concrete. All items related to physical, chemical, and
mechanical changes induced by high temperature are addressed in good order,
offeringaclearpictureofwhatappearsasoneofthemostcomplexandchallenging
problemsinmoderncivilengineering.Qualitatively,thebehaviorofHPCdoesnot
differmuchfromthatofordinaryconcrete,exceptforthespallingphenomenon;this
iscurrentlybeingaddressedbyanotherRILEMworkinggroup.Nevertheless,owing
to its denser microstructure, its lower free water content, and its higher volume of
unhydrated cement particles, the kinetics and extent of the various microstructural
andchemicalchangesofHPCmaydisplaysomeparticularities.Furthermore,these
mixesoftencontainspecificconstituents,forexamplesilicafume—akeycomponent
toreachcompressivecylinderstrengthabove70/80MPa—orpolypropylenefibers,
the most common solution to prevent or limit spalling. The latter constituent facil-
itates the vapor transfers in the material and also modifies the thermo-chemo-
mechanical behavior.
vii
viii Foreword
Thisworkisessentialforthosewhowanttodeveloporupdatetheirknowledge
about fire in concrete structures. It will be particularly useful for modeling
purposes—a matter addressed in the following chapters of this section—and to
interpret and update structural codes as Eurocode 2 or ACI 216.
Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France François de Larrard, Ph.D.
Scientific Director
LafargeHolcim LCR
Acknowledgements
All the authors are extremely grateful to Katarzyna Mróz from the Cracow
UniversityofTechnologyandColinDaviefromtheNewcastleUniversityfortheir
very important and efficient involvement in the formatting and review of the
document.
ix
RILEM Technical Committee 227-HPB (Physical
Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance
Concrete at High Temperature)
Chairmen
U. Schneider and P. Pimienta
Secretary
Robert Jansson McNamee
Members
Ma-Cruz Alonso, Spain
Lars Boström, Sweden
Stefano Dal Pont, France
Colin Davie, UK
Gerard Debicki, France
Frank Dehn, Germany
Ulrich Diederichs, Germany
Roberto Felicetti, Italy
Izabela Hager, Poland
Sven Huismann, Germany
Ulla-Maija Jumppanen, Finland
Manfred Korzen, Germany
Eddy Koenders, The Netherlands
Jianzhong Lai, China
Katarzyna. Mróz, Poland
Bas Lottman, The Netherlands
Fekri Meftah, France
Alain Millard, France
Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, France
Josko Ozbolt, Germany
Francesco Pesavento, Italy
Klaus Pistol, Germany
Fabienne Robert, France
xi
