Table Of ContentPhysical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas
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Series C: Mathematical and Physical ScIenca8 • Vol. 305
Physical Processes in Hot
Cosmic Plasmas
edited by
Wolfgang Brinkmann
Max-Planck Institut fOr Physik unci Astrophysik,
Institut fOr extraterrestrische Physik,
Garching, FRG
Andrew C. Fabian
Institute of Astronomy,
Cambridge, UK
and
Franco Giovannelli
Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale,
Frascati,ltaIy
...
"
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Dordrecht / Boston / London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Physical Processes In Hot Cosmic Plasmas
Vulcano, SIcIly,ltaIy
May 29 - June 2, 1989
library of Congrea Cataloging In Publication Data
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on PhysIcal Processes In Hot Cos.lc
PlasMas (1989 ; Isola Vulcano. Italy)
PhysIcal processes In hot cOSMIc plasMas I edIted by Wolfgang
Brlnk.ann. Andrew C. FabIan. and Franco Glovannelll.
p. c •• -- (NATO ASI serIes. SerIes C. Mathe.atlcal and
physIcal scIences; vol. 305)
-ProceedIngs of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on PhysIcal
Processes In Hot Cos.lc Plas.as. Vulcano (SICIly) May 29-~une 2.1989.-
ISBN -13 :978-94-010-6732-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-0545-0
om:
10.1007/978-94-009-0545-0
1. Plas~a astrophySlcs--Congresses. 2. Hot temperature plasmas
-Congresses. 3. Space plassas--Congresses. I. BrInkmann. W.
(Wolfgang). 1941- II. FabIan. A. C. • 1948-
III. Glovannelll. Franco. IV. TItle. V. SerIes; NATO ASI serIes.
SerIes C. MatheMatIcal and physIcal scIences; no. 305.
OB462.7.N38 1989
523.01--dc20 90-4070
ISBN -13 :978-94-010-6732-4
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ••••.••.••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••..•.•••••••••••••••••••••••• vii
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ••.••.••••••••.••..•.•.•.••.••.•••••••••••••••.••••••• i:x;
CONFERENCE PHOTOGRAPH................................................. x
SUPERNOVA REMNANTS AS PROBES OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM •••.•••. 1
D.F. Cioffi
X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF SUPERNOVA REMNANTS ••..••.••••••••••••••••• 17
C.R. Canizares
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF A TOKAMAK PLASMA IN THE VUV-RANGE ••.•• t9
G. Fussmann, J.V. Hofmann, G.Janeschitz, W. Poffel, K.-H. Schartner
IONIZATION OF HOT PLASMAS ••.••••.••••.••••••••.••..•••••••••••••••••••. 99
R. Mewe
PARTICLE ACCELERATION NEAR ASTROPHYSICAL SHOCKS •••••••••••••••••• 67
A. Achterberg
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF COLLISIONLESS SHOCKS •••••••••••••..•...••• 81
B. Lembege
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF VLASOV EQUILIBRIA •...•..•••••••••••.••.. 1-11
L. Demeio
CLASSICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF PLASMAS ••.•.•..••...•....•..•... 157
C.Dum
PROGRESS IN LTE AND NON-LTE RADIATIVE TRANSPORT PROPERTIES .181
J.J. Keady, W.F.Huebner, J. Abdallah Jr., N.H. Magee Jr.
TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN HOT DENSE PLASMAS: GENERAL RESULTS
AND THE EVOLUTION OF PULSAR MAGNETIC FIELDS •.•••.•••..••.••..••.. 197
N.Itoh
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN DYNAMO THEORY .••...••.•.•.•••.••••••..• ttl
D. Lortz
GENERATION OF COSMIC MAGNETIC FIELDS ••.•••.••••••••••••••.••.••••• t95
A.A. Ruzmaikin
THE ORIGIN OF GALACTIC MAGNETIC FIELDS •••••••••.••••..••••..•..••. t-l7
R.M. Kulsrud
vi
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THEORY OF MAGNETIC RECONNECTION e55
D. Biskamp
CONDUCTION AND TURBULENCE IN INTRACLUSTER GAS •••••••••••••••••• e71
A.C. Fabian
A HOT INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM ••••••.••.•••..••••••••••••••••••••••••••• e99
X. Barcons
THE EVOLUTION OF NON-SPHERICAL THERMAL INSTABILITIES IN
COOLING FLOWS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 907
S. Massaglia
THE MASS SPECTRUM OF ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS •••••••••• 915
G. Auriemma
PLERIONIC SUPERNOVA REMNANTS •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ge5
R. Bandiera
ENERGY LOSS MECHANISMS FOR FAST PARTICLES ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9,41
J.H. Beall
AN INTRODUCTION TO RELATIVISTIC PLASMAS IN ASTROPHYSICS •.••.••• 957
R. Svensson
X-RAYS AND GAMMA-RAYS AT COSMOLOGICAL DISTANCES •••••••••••••••• 989
A.A. Zdziarski, R. Svensson
SYNCHROTRON SELF-ABSORPTION AS A THERMALIZING MECHANISM •••••• 995
G. Ghisellini, R. Svensson
REACCELERATION AND PAm LOADING IN COMPACT SOURCES ••••••••••••• ,401
C. Done, G. Ghisellini, A.C. Fabian
QUANTUM EFFECTS IN MAGNETIZED ELECTRON-POSITRON PLASMAS:
SYNCHROTRON PAIR CASCADES AND GAMMA-RAY BURST SPECTRA ••••••• ,407
M.G. Baring
GAMMA-RAYS FROM ACCRETION PROCESSES AND RELATIVISTIC BEAMS ••• ,4e5
F. Giovannelli, W. Bednarek, S. Karakula, W. Tkaczyk
SUBJECT AND OBJECT INDEX •••••.•••••.••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••• ,4,49
PREFACE
Gas at temperatures exceeding one million degrees is common in the Universe. Indeed
it is likely that most of the gas in the Universe exists in intergalactic space in this form.
Such highly-ionized gas, or plasma, is not restricted to the rarefied densities of intergalactic
space, but is also found in clusters of galaxies, in galaxies themselves, in the expanding
remnants of exploded stars and at higher densities in stars and the collapsed remains of
stars up to the highest densities known, which occur in neutron stars. The abundant
lower-Z elements, at least, in such gas are completely ionized and the gas acts as a highly
conducting plasma. It is therefore subject to many cooperative phenomena, which are
often complicated and ill-understood. Many of these processes are, however, well-studied
(if not so well-understood) in laboratory plasmas and in the near environment of the Earth.
Astronomers therefore have much to learn from plasma physicists working on laboratory
and space plasmas and the parameter range studied by the plasma physicists might in
turn be broadened by contact with astronomers. With that in mind, a NATO Advanced
Research Workshop on Physical Processes in Hot Cosmic Plasmas was organized and took
place in the Eolian Hotel, Vulcano, Italy on May 29 to June 2 1989. This book contains
the Proceedings of that Workshop.
The first Figure in the contribution by Roland Svensson indicates the breadth of the plasma
conditions that were considered. They range from densities of 10-7 cm-3 and less in the
case of intergalactic gas to 1039 cm -3 and greater in the case of neutron stars. The magnetic
fields range from < 10-6 to 1013 Gauss and temperatures from '" 106 K and above.
Transport properties (diffusion, conduction etc.) were considered in some detail from
the theoretical point of view and from laboratory results. Owing to the interdisciplinary
nature of the Workshop, we demanded that speakers (and writers) present their work
in a pedagogic manner so that those unfamiliar with their perspective might follow the
arguments more easily. We are pleased that most of the invited contributions contained in
this book are written in this manner and hope that it is thereby of use to a much broader
community. Nevertheless, it is clear that more progress can be made before theoretical
plasma physicists and observational astronomers understand each other completely, or
even appreciate each others' problems, but the whole area is ripe for advance.
We are grateful to the NATO Science Committee for their generous financial aid which
made it possible to invite scientists from all over the world. We further thank the Max
Planck Institut fiir extraterrestrische Physik and the lAS Frascati for additional funding.
W. Brinkmann further wants to thank RIKEN, Tokyo, for the experienced support.
Garching, November 1989
Wolfgang Brinkmann
Andrew C. Fabian
Franco Giovannelli
vii
List of Participants
Dr. A. Achterberg Sterrekundig Instituut, Utrecht, Holland
Prof. G. Auriemma Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy
Dr. M. Badiali Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Frascati, Italy
Dr. R. Bandiera Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
Dr. X. Barcons Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
Dr. M. Baring MPI fUr Astrophysik, Garching, W.-Germany
Dr. J. Beall Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, U.S.A.
Prof. D. Biskamp MPI fiir Plasmaphysik, Garching, W.-Germany
Dr. W. Brinkmann MPI fUr extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, W.-Germany
Prof. C. Canizares M.I.T., Cambridge Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Dr. D. Cioffi NASA/GSFC Maryland, U.S.A.
Dr. L. Demeio Virginia Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, Virginia, U.S.A.
Dr. C. Done Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, England
Dr. C. Dum MPI fUr extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, W.-Germany
Prof. A.C. Fabian Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, England
Dr. R. Fusco Femiano Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Frascati, Italy
Dr. G. FuBmann MPI fiir Plasmaphysik, Garching, W.-Germany
Dr. P. Galeotti Istituto di Cosmogeofisica, Torino, Italy
Dr. G. Ghisellini Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, England
Dr. F. Giovannelli Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Frascati, Italy
Prof. M. Haines Imperial College, London, England
Prof. N. Itoh Sofia University, Tokyo, Japan
Dr. J.J. Keady Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, U.S.A.
Prof. R.M. Kulsrud Princeton University, Princeton, U.S.A.
Dr. B. Lembege CRPE / CNET, Paris, France
Prof. D. Lortz MPI fUr Plasmaphysik, Garching, W.-Germany
Dr. S. Massaglia Universita' di Torino, Italy
Prof. R. Mewe SRON, Utrecht, Holland
Prof. P. Mulser Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt, W.-Germany
Prof. H. Oegelman MPI fUr extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, W.-Germany
Dr. A. Piepenbrink MPI fUr extraterrestrische Physik, Garching, W.-Germany
Prof. A.A. Ruzmaikin IZMffiAN, Troitsk, USSR
Dr. R. Svensson Nordita, Copenhagen, Denmark
Dr. A. Ulla University Tromso, Norway
Dr. A. Zdziarski Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, U.S.A.
ix
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111
