Physical modelling in geotechnics: 7th ICPMG '10: proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics--7th ICPMG'10, Zurich, Switzerland, 28 June-1 July 2010

1522 Pages·2010·96.388 MB·English

by  Jan Laue, Linda Seward, Sarah Springman

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ICPMG 2010
volume 1
The 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics (ICPMG 2010) iP ICPMG 2010 – volume 1
was organised by ETH Zurich under the auspices of Technical Committee 2 n
(TC2: Physical Modelling in Geotechnics) of the International Society of Soil Physical Modelling
h
Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). ICPMG 2010 provided a focus
for diverse and internationally significant scientific and technical research on many G
y
aspects relating to geotechnical physical modelling. ETH Zurich was pleased to
celebrate 75 years of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering at their in Geotechnics
s
institution, coinciding with hosting ICPMG 2010. e
The ICPMG series is primarily quadrennial, such that these 2 volumes of proceedings
i
reflect progress in the area of physical modelling over the past four years. They oc
contain 3 keynote lectures and 228 peer-reviewed contributions from 32 countries.
The papers document the state of the art in soil-structure interaction, natural
ta
hazards, earthquake and soft soil engineering, addressing the ever increasing
e
complexity of modelling and challenging existing understanding of similitude as
l
many of the current problems hover on the boundaries of mechanics, hydraulics,
c Editors
physics and chemistry.
M
Papers representing focus areas of the TC2 working groups over the last four years, Sarah Springman, Jan Laue and Linda Seward
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such as similitude, industry relationships, data management and education offer
several highlights along with many of the other contributions. The papers have
no
been organised in themes extending from development of physical modelling
facilities, new equipment, sensors and modelling techniques through various
boundary value problems, including tunnelling, excavations and retaining structures, id
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shallow foundations and piles, offshore systems and pipelines, slopes, dams and
embankments, natural hazards, protection systems, ground improvement, liquefaction e
and environmental geotechnics. s
The volumes present a stimulating mix of all aspects of geotechnical physical
l
modelling, linking across to other modelling techniques, to consider the entire l
spectrum required in providing innovative geotechnical engineering solutions. i
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g

Editors
Sarah Springman
Jan Laue
Linda Seward
an informabusiness
PHYSICAL MODELLING IN GEOTECHNICS
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL MODELLING IN
GEOTECHNICS 2010 (ICPMG 2010), ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, 28 JUNE–1 JULY 2010
Physical Modelling in Geotechnics
Editors
Sarah Springman, Jan Laue & Linda Seward
Institut für Geotechnik, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
VOLUME 1
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Physical Modelling in Geotechnics – Springman, Laue & Seward (eds)
© 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-59288-8
Table of contents
Preface xvii
Committees xix
External review editors xxi
List of reviewers xxiii
Conference sponsors xxv
VOLUME 1
1 Keynotes and TC 2 contributions
Physical modelling of natural hazards 3
M.C.R. Davies, E.T. Bowman & D.J. White
Recent trends in geotechnical earthquake engineering experimentation 23
A. Elgamal, A.B. Huang & M. Okamura
Physical modelling of soft ground problems 45
F.H. Lee, M.S.S. Almeida & B. Indraratna
Physical modelling with industry—overview of practices and benefits 67
C. Gaudin, D.J. White, A. Bezuijen, P.E.L. Schaminée & J. Garnier
Development of teaching resources for physical modelling community 79
S.P.G. Madabhushi, U. Cilingir & M.E. Stringer
STREAM: A method to facilitate efficient data exchange and archiving 85
P.E.L. Schaminée, A.A. Klapwijk & D.J. White
2 Similitude
Scaling of hydraulic processes 93
A. Bezuijen & R.S. Steedman
A virtual rain simulator for droplet transport in a centrifuge 99
B. Caicedo & J. Tristancho
Potentialities and challenges of centrifuge modelling on unsaturated soils 105
B. Caicedo, J. Tristancho & L. Thorel
Influence of fluid viscosity on the response of buried structures in earthquakes 111
S.C. Chian & S.P.G. Madabhushi
Use of automatic sand pourers for loose sand models 117
S.C. Chian, M.E. Stringer & S.P.G. Madabhushi
Physical modeling of kinematic pile-soil interaction under seismic conditions 123
L. Dihoru, S. Bhattacharya, C.A. Taylor, D. Muir Wood, F. Moccia, A.L. Simonelli &
G. Mylonakis
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Stiffness design for granular materials—a theoretical and experimental approach 129
L. Dihoru, C.A. Taylor, S. Bhattacharya, D. Muir Wood, F. Moccia, A.L. Simonelli &
G. Mylonakis
Possibilities and limitations of 1-g model techniques 135
A. Hettler
Modelling precast concrete piling for use in the geotechnical centrifuge 141
J.A. Knappett, K. O’Reilly, P. Gilhooley, C. Reid & K. Skeffington
Preparation of fully saturated model ground 147
M. Okamura & T. Inoue
Reliability of one-g shaking table experiment 153
F. Ozkahriman & J. Wartman
Centrifuge modeling of a sensitive clay slope for simulation of strain softening 159
D.S. Park, B.L. Kutter & J. DeJong
The influence of coloured dyes on the undrained shear strength of kaolin 165
F. Sahdi, N. Boylan, D.J. White & C. Gaudin
Improving model quality through computer controlled saturation 171
M.E. Stringer & S.P.G. Madabhushi
Effects of rigid sidewall of specimen container on seismic behaviour 177
H. Takahashi, Y. Morikawa & E. Ichikawa
Piping: Centrifuge experiments on scaling effects and levee stability 183
V.M. van Beek, A. Bezuijen & C. Zwanenburg
Applicability of two stage scaling in dynamic centrifuge tests on saturated sand deposits 191
L. von der Tann, T. Tobita & S. Iai
Thickness effects on long-term consolidation by means of inter-connected oedometers 197
Y. Watabe, S. Sassa, K. Udaka & T. Emura
3 Physical modelling facilities
Development of a low cost teaching centrifuge 205
D.W. Airey & R. Barker
Retrofits to COPPE mini-drum geotechnical centrifuge 211
M.S.S. Almeida, J.L.S. Neto, M.C.F. Almeida, D.F. Fagundes & J.R.M.S. Oliveira
Development of a large calibration triaxial cell with dual load actuator 217
J.A. Black, V. Sivakumar & A.L. Bell
Development of a large geotechnical centrifuge at Zhejiang University 223
Y.M. Chen, L.G. Kong, Y.G. Zhou, J.Q. Jiang, X.W. Tang, B. Niu & M. Lin
A miniature high speed wireless data acquisition system for geotechnical centrifuges 229
C. Gaudin, D.J. White, N. Boylan, J. Breen, T. Brown & S. De Catania
An experimental setup for the investigation of tamper geometry effects 235
M. Ghazavi & M. Niazipour
Development of a 2D servo-actuator for novel centrifuge modelling 239
S.K. Haigh, N.E. Houghton, S.Y. Lam, Z. Li & P.J. Wallbridge
Development of a horizontal and vertical shaker for the IWHR 450 g-ton centrifuge 245
Y.J. Hou, X.G. Wang, Z.P. Xu, Y.F. Wen & P. Ibanez
A new geotechnical centrifuge at the University of Tehran, I.R. Iran 251
M. Moradi & A. Ghalandarzadeh
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Establishing a beam centrifuge facility at the Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland 255
C.D. O’Loughlin, P. Naughton, N. Baker & A. Ainsworth
Mobile tray for simulation of 3D load transfer in pile-supported earth platforms 261
G. Rault, L. Thorel, A. Néel, S. Buttigieg, F. Derkx, G. Six & U. Okyay
The drizzle method for sand sample preparation 267
J. Rietdijk, F.M. Schenkeveld, P.E.L. Schaminée & A. Bezuijen
The UENF geotechnical centrifuge facility 273
F. Saboya, S. Tibana, R. Martins Reis, S.R. Ramires, S. Brum,
V. Montero del Aguila & J. Domingos Vieira
The Josef UEF—a new location for “in-situ” physical modelling 279
J. Svoboda & R. Vašíček
Development of a circulating system for water supply in centrifuge model tests 285
Q.S. Wang, Z.Y. Chen, Y. Jin & J.H. Liang
NEES @ UC Davis 291
D.W. Wilson, B.L. Kutter & R.W. Boulanger
4 New equipment, sensors and experimental techniques
Centrifuge modeling of soil atmosphere interaction using a climatic chamber 299
B. Caicedo, J. Tristancho & L. Thorel
Design of experimental setup for 1 g seismic load tests on anchored retaining walls 307
A.T. Carvalho, J. Bilé Serra, F. Oliveira, P. Morais, A.R. Ribeiro &
C. Santos Pereira
Applications of high speed photography in dynamic tests 313
S.H. Chow, Y. Nazhat & D.W. Airey
Particle Image Velocimetry analysis in dynamic centrifuge tests 319
U. Cilingir & S.P.G. Madabhushi
Development of a multiple-axis actuator control system 325
S. De Catania, J. Breen, C. Gaudin & D.J. White
A wireless data acquisition system to monitor centrifuge pile installation 331
A.D. Deeks, D.J. White, J. Breen, P. Hortin, S. De Catania & T. Brown
Fibre optic cable and micro-anchor pullout tests in sand 337
D. Hauswirth, M. Iten, R. Richli & A.M. Puzrin
The use of optical fibre sensors in a geotechnical centrifuge for reinforced slopes 343
E. Kapogianni, M.G. Sakellariou, J. Laue & S.M. Springman
Development of V tomography testing system for geotechnical
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centrifuge experiments 349
N.R. Kim & D.S. Kim
Distributed testing of soil-structure systems using web-based applications 355
S.P.G. Madabhushi, S.K. Haigh, A. Ali, M. Williams, M. Ojaghi, I. Lamata,
T. Blakeborough, C.A. Taylor & M. Dietz
Earthquake motion selection and calibration for use in a geotechnical centrifuge 361
H.B. Mason, J.D. Bray, B.L. Kutter, D.W. Wilson & B.Y. Choy
An exploratory study on using miniature sensors to monitor landslide motion 367
G.L. Ooi, Y.H. Wang, T.W. Wong & C.S. Wong
Observing and measuring arching in ideal and natural granular materials 373
S.G. Paikowsky, H.S. Tien & L.E. Rolwes
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Large-scale physical model for simulation of artificial ground freezing
with seepage flow 379
E. Pimentel, G. Anagnostou & A. Sres
Wireless data transmission in geotechnical centrifuge applications 383
S.R. Ramires, T. Tachibana, F. Saboya Jr, S. Tibana, R.M. Reis & J.D. Vieira
Experience using MEMS-based accelerometers in dynamic testing 389
M.E. Stringer, C.M. Heron & S.P.G. Madabhushi
Advanced sensing in geotechnical centrifuge models 395
A. Tessari, I. Sasanakul & T. Abdoun
Development of train loading device and testing on sandy and clay models 401
V.V. Vinogradov, Y.K. Frolovsky, A.A. Zaitsev & V.V. Naumov
Measurement of landslide acceleration using PIV image analysis 405
E.D. Wolinsky & W.A. Take
Displacement field around an open-tube sampling 411
W.M. Yan, I.T. Ng & C.Y. Cheuk
Free type bender elements for characterizing soil in centrifuge model tests 417
Y.G. Zhou, Y.M. Chen, Y. Shamoto, H. Mano, H. Hotta, Y. Asaka & Y. Taji
5 Excavations and retaining structures
Physical modelling of L-shaped retaining walls 425
M. Arnold
Physical modelling of flexible retaining walls under seismic actions 431
R. Conti, G.M.B. Viggiani & S.P.G. Madabhushi
New ideas for reducing seismic displacement of gravity quay walls 437
A. Ghalandarzadeh, A. Mostafavi Moghadam, M. Moradi & P. Haji Alikhani
Earth pressure at rest of expansive soil against retaining wall 443
X.W. Gu, W.M. Zhang & G.M. Xu
Deformation behavior of a reinforced soil wall constructed on soft ground 449
H. Hashimoto, S. Nishimoto & H. Hayashi
Breaking failure and internal stability analysis of geosynthetic reinforced earth walls 455
W.Y. Hung, H.T. Chen, C.J. Lee & Y.C. Wei
Fresh concrete pressure induced during concreting a diaphragm wall panel 463
D. König & C. Loreck
Evaluation of damage in saturated reinforced soil walls due to earthquake 469
J. Kuwano, J. Izawa & S. Seki
Centrifuge modeling of deep excavation in soft clay 475
S.Y. Lam, M.Z.E.B. Elshafie, S.K. Haigh & M.D. Bolton
Centrifuge modeling of shored mechanically stabilized earth walls 481
Y.B. Lee, J.S. McCartney & H.Y. Ko
Case study on a deep excavation in soft ground by centrifuge model tests 487
X.F. Ma, H.H. Zhang, L. Yu, S.Y. Lam & M.D. Bolton
Dynamic earth pressures and earth pressure cell measurements 493
S.P.G. Madabhushi & Y.R. Khokher
Influence of an anchor head on detection of soil anchorage load 499
K. Palop, A. Ivanović, R.D. Neilson & A.J. Brennan
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Centrifuge modelling of active earth pressures 505
F. Song, J.M. Zhang & C. Liu
Seismic loads for evaluating internal stability of cantilevered retaining walls 511
A. Takahashi, S. Tanimoto & H. Sugita
Effect of fabric anisotropy on seismic response of a retaining wall 517
X. Zeng, B. Li & H. Min
Centrifuge modeling of the influence of basement excavation on existing tunnels 523
G. Zheng, S.W. Wei, S.Y. Peng, Y. Diao & C.W.W. Ng
6 Tunnels
Modeling face stability of a shallow tunnel in a geotechnical centrifuge 531
P. Aklik, G. Idinger & W. Wu
Centrifuge tests on the seismic behavior of a tunnel 537
J. Cao & M.S. Huang
Methods of measurement of displacement of a model tunnel in centrifuge tests 543
J.C. Chou & B.L. Kutter
Centrifuge modelling of the response of buildings to tunnelling 549
R.P. Farrell & R.J. Mair
Study on tunnelling induced ground deformation in reinforced soils 555
A. Juneja & N.S. Roshan
Dynamic centrifuge tests on shallow tunnel models in dry sand 561
G. Lanzano, E. Bilotta, G. Russo, F. Silvestri & S.P.G. Madabhushi
Centrifuge modelling on long-term behaviour of tunnels in transitional ground 569
X.F. Ma, L. Yu, K. Soga & R. Laver
Experimental study into tunnel face collapse in sand 575
J. Messerli, E. Pimentel & G. Anagnostou
Model tests for the evaluation of formation and expansion of a cavity in the ground 581
M. Sato & R. Kuwano
Local deformation characteristics of a cavity in model ground 587
Y. Tsutsumi, R. Kuwano & M. Sato
Modeling of tunnel lining deformation due to face instability 593
H. Walter, C.J. Coccia, R.B. Wallen, H.Y. Ko & J.S. McCartney
Centrifuge modelling of passive failure of tunnel face in saturated sand 599
K.S. Wong, C.W.W. Ng, Y.M. Chen & X.C. Bian
Physical model testing on earth pressure balance shield machine tunnelling
in sand strata 605
Q.W. Xu, X.R. Ge, H.H. Zhu, Y.B. Fu & X.S. Wu
Centrifuge modelling of a steel pipe umbrella arch for tunnelling in clay 611
C.H. Yeo, F.H. Lee, A. Hegde & A. Juneja
7 Pipelines
Investigation of axial/lateral interaction of pipes in dense sand 619
N. Daiyan, S. Kenny, R. Phillips & R. Popescu
Model tests on behaviour of buried pipes in a large soil chamber under cyclic loading 625
D.H. Ko & R. Kuwano
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