Physical Layer Security for Wireless Sensing and Communication

386 Pages·2023·35.159 MB·English

by  Hüseyin Arslan, Haji M. Furqan

IETSECURITYSERIES18
Physical Layer Security
for Wireless Sensing and
Communication
Othervolumesinthisseries:
Volume1 InformationSecurity:Foundations,technologiesandapplications
A.AwadandM.Fairhurst(Editors)
Volume2 EngineeringSecureInternetofThingsSystemsB.Aziz,A.ArenasandB.Crisp
Volume3 MobileBiometricsG.GuoandH.Wechsler(Editors)
Volume4 User-CentricPrivacyandSecurityinBiometricsC.Viuelhauer(Editor)
Volume5 IrisandPeriocularBiometricsC.RathgebandC.Busch(Editors)
Volume7 DataSecurityinCloudComputingV.Kumar,R.KoandS.Chaisiri(Editors)
Volume8 Hand-BasedBiometrics:MethodsandTechnologyM.Drahanský(Editor)
Volume9 AuthenticationTechnologiesforCloudComputing,IoTandBigData
Y.M.AlginahandM.N.Kabir(Editors)
Volume10 Nature-InspiredCyberSecurityandResiliency:Fundamentals,
TechniquesandApplicationsE.M.El-Alfy,M.Eltoweissy,E.W.Fulpand
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Volume12 VoiceBiometrics:Technology,trustandsecurityC.García
andG.Chollet(Editors)
Volume14 PrivacybyDesignfortheInternetofThings:Buildingaccountability
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Volume16 MachineLearning,BlockchainTechnologiesandBigDataAnalyticsfor
IoTs:Methods,technologiesandapplicationsA.KumarTyagi,A.Abraham,
F.KhadeerHussain,A.KaklauskasandR.JagadeeshKannan
Physical Layer Security
for Wireless Sensing and
Communication
Edited by
Hüseyin Arslan and Haji M. Furqan
TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology
PublishedbyTheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,London,UnitedKingdom
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Contents
Foreword xiii
Abouttheeditors xvii
Listofacronyms xix
1 Wirelesscommunicationnetworksandtheneedforsecurity 1
MuhammadSohaibJ.Solaija,HajiM.Furqan,andHüseyinArslan
1.1 Introductiontonext-generationwirelessnetworks 1
1.2 Theneedforsecurityinwirelesscommunication 3
1.3 Cryptographyvs.physicallayersecurity 5
1.3.1 Cryptography 5
1.3.2 Physicallayersecurity 6
References 8
2 Informationtheoreticperspectiveofphysicallayersecurity 11
TalhaYılmazandHüseyinArslan
2.1 Historyofinformationtheory 11
2.2 Fundamentalsofsecurityandsecuritynotions 13
2.3 Physicallayersecurityperformancemetrics 16
2.3.1 SINR-basedphysicallayersecuritytechniquesand
performancemetrics 16
2.3.2 Complexity-basedphysicallayersecuritytechniques
andperformancemetrics 25
2.4 Conclusion 26
References 27
3 Physicallayersecuritydefinitionanddomains 31
HanadiSalmanandHüseyinArslan
3.1 Physicallayersecuritydefinition 31
3.2 Generalizedphysicallayersecurityframework 32
3.2.1 Observationplane 32
3.2.2 Modificationplane 33
3.2.3 Fromobservationplanetomodificationplane 34
3.3 Physicallayersecuritydomains 34
3.3.1 Wirelesschannel 34
3.3.2 RFfront-end 36
vi Physicallayersecurityforwirelesssensingandcommunication
3.3.3 Radioenvironment/sensing 37
3.3.4 Databits 38
3.3.5 Wirelesssignal 39
3.3.6 Network 43
3.4 Conclusion 46
References 46
4 Wirelesschannelfromphysicallayersecurityperspective 53
AbuuB.Kihero,HajiM.Furqan,andHüseyinArslan
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Preliminariesonchannel-basedPLS
approaches 55
4.2.1 Channel-basedkeygeneration 55
4.2.2 Channel-basedadaptationPLStechniques 62
4.3 EligibilityrequirementsofchannelparametersforPLS 62
4.3.1 Randomness 63
4.3.2 Uniqueness 64
4.3.3 Reciprocity 64
4.3.4 Accessibility/observability 65
4.3.5 Irreproducibility 65
4.4 Channelparametersbeyond5G:PLSperspective 66
4.4.1 Large-scalefading 67
4.4.2 Molecularabsorptionandscattering 67
4.4.3 Small-scalefading 68
4.4.4 Sparsity 69
4.4.5 Arraynon-stationarity 69
4.4.6 Temporal,Dopplerandspatialnon-stationarity 70
4.5 Integrityofchannelfeatures 70
4.5.1 Indirectattacksontheintegrity 70
4.5.2 Directattacks 71
4.6 Futuredirectionandrecommendation 72
4.6.1 Securingintegrityofthechannelfeatures 72
4.6.2 Highmobilityandnon-stationarityissues 72
4.6.3 Beamsquintissuein(mMIMO) 72
4.6.4 Intelligentsecurityframeworks 73
4.7 Conclusion 73
References 73
5 Physicallayerauthenticationinwirelesscommunicationsystems 77
LizaAfeefandHüseyinArslan
5.1 Introduction 77
5.2 Physical-layerauthentication 78
5.3 PLAmetrics 79
Contents vii
5.4 RF/hardware-basedPLA 81
5.4.1 Localoscillator 81
5.4.2 Poweramplifier 83
5.4.3 Deviceclock 84
5.4.4 RFmodulator/demodulator 85
5.4.5 Multiplehardwareattributes 85
5.5 PLAin5Gnetworksandbeyond 86
5.5.1 Beampattern 86
5.5.2 Channelsparsity 88
5.6 Receiverprocess 90
5.6.1 Detectionprocess 91
5.6.2 Attributeextraction 92
5.6.3 Classification 92
5.7 Challengesandfuturediscussion 93
5.7.1 Optimalattributeselection 93
5.7.2 PLAinmultiusercommunicationnetworks 93
5.7.3 Mobilityororientationchange 94
5.8 Conclusion 94
Acknowledgment 94
References 94
6 Context-awarephysicallayersecurityforfuture
wirelessnetworks 99
HaliseTurkmenandHüseyinArslan
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Theradioenvironmentmapandradioenvironment
monitoring 101
6.2.1 Radioenvironmentmonitoringframework 102
6.3 Context-awarePLSframework 106
6.3.1 Situationalawareness 106
6.3.2 Riskidentification 108
6.3.3 PLSmethodselection 109
6.4 Context-awaresecurityintheliterature 109
6.4.1 Socialreputationandtrustworthiness 109
6.4.2 Location,behavior,andmobility-aided
authentication 111
6.5 Researchdirections 112
6.5.1 Data/informationcollectionandmanagement 112
6.5.2 Validatingthecontextorsituationalawareness 113
6.5.3 Unifiedunderstandingofriskidentifiersand
QoSeclevels 113
6.6 Conclusion 113
References 114
viii Physicallayersecurityforwirelesssensingandcommunication
7 SignaldomainphysicalmodificationforPLS 117
SalahEddineZegrar,AhmedNaeem,HajiM.Furqan,andHüseyinArslan
7.1 Waveform&security 117
7.2 Lowmodification:waveform’sinherentsecurity 119
7.2.1 Signaldetection 120
7.2.2 Signalidentification/featureextraction 122
7.3 Moderatemodification:control-signal/channel-basedPLS 124
7.4 Highmodification:modification-basedPLS 127
7.4.1 Adaptation-basedPLS 127
7.4.2 Interference-basedPLS 129
7.4.3 Key-basedmodificationatsignallevel 132
7.5 Conclusion 133
References 133
8 Physicalmodificationplane:crossMAC/PHYschedulingand
resourceallocation 137
AhmadJaradatandHüseyinArslan
8.1 Introduction 137
8.2 Schedulingandresourceallocation 139
8.3 Popularschedulingandresourceallocationalgorithms 140
8.4 Performancemetricsandbasicoptimizationproblemsinresource
allocationandschedulingforphysicallayersecurity 141
8.4.1 Secrecyrate/capacity 141
8.4.2 Secrecyoutageprobability/capacity 142
8.4.3 Power/energyconsumption 143
8.4.4 Secureenergyefficiency 143
8.5 Resourceallocationforphysicallayersecurity 144
8.5.1 Literatureonsecureresourceallocation 145
8.5.2 Optimizationproblemsinsecureresourceallocation 146
8.6 Schedulingforphysicallayersecurity 147
8.6.1 Physicallayersecurity-basedschedulingin
downlinknetworks 148
8.7 Challenges,recommendationandfuturedirectionsfor
physicallayersecurityinscheduling 153
8.8 Conclusion 153
Acknowledgment 154
References 154
9 Physicallayersecurityindistributedwirelessnetworks 157
MuhammadSohaibJ.Solaija,HanadiSalman,HajiM.Furqan,and
HüseyinArslan
9.1 Cooperativecommunicationforphysicallayersecurity 157
9.1.1 Generalsystemmodelincooperativecommunications 158
9.1.2 Cooperativesolutionsagainsteavesdropping 159
Contents ix
9.1.3 Cooperativesolutionsagainstjamming 161
9.1.4 Cooperativesolutionsagainstspoofing 162
9.1.5 Challengesforphysicallayersecurityin
cooperativecommunication 162
9.2 CoMP-aidedphysicallayersecurity 163
9.2.1 CoMP-assistedsolutionsagainsteavesdropping 165
9.2.2 CoMP-assistedsolutionsagainstjamming 165
9.2.3 CoMP-assistedsolutionsagainstspoofing 165
9.2.4 TechnicallimitationsofCoMPdeployment 166
9.3 RISsforsecureandsmartenvironments 167
9.3.1 RIS-assistedPLSsolutionsagainsteavesdropping 167
9.3.2 RIS-assistedsolutionsagainstjamming 168
9.3.3 RIS-assistedattacksagainstPLS 169
9.3.4 Challenges,recommendations,andfuture
researchdirections 169
9.4 Conclusion 170
References 171
10 PhysicallayersecurityforInternetofThingsnetworks 175
MuhammetKırık,NusaibahA.Abusanad,andHüseyinArslan
10.1 Introduction 175
10.2 IoTarchitecture 179
10.2.1 Perceptionlayer 180
10.2.2 Networklayer 180
10.2.3 Applicationlayer 181
10.3 DifferentattacktypesinIoT 181
10.3.1 Denialofserviceattacks 181
10.3.2 Denialofsleepattacks 181
10.3.3 Routingattacks 182
10.3.4 Sybilattacks 183
10.3.5 Maninthemiddleattacks 183
10.4 UniquefeaturesandchallengesofIoTfromPLSperspective 183
10.4.1 Mobility 183
10.4.2 Lowcomputationalcapability 184
10.4.3 Uplink/downlinkincompatibilityintermsofhardware 185
10.4.4 Channelstateinformationaccuracy 185
10.4.5 Scalability 186
10.5 PopularPLStechniquesforIoTagainsteavesdropping,
spoofing,andjamming 186
10.5.1 Beamforming 186
10.5.2 Compressivesensing 187
10.5.3 RFfingerprinting 189
10.5.4 Cooperativejamming 189
10.5.5 Spreadspectrum 190