Physical and Data-Link Security Techniques for Future Communication Systems

217 Pages·2016·4.905 MB·English

by  Marco Baldi, Stefano Tomasin (eds.)

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 358
Marco Baldi
Stefano Tomasin
Editors
Physical and Data-Link
Security Techniques for
Future Communication
Systems
Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume 358
Board of Series editors
Leopoldo Angrisani, Napoli, Italy
Marco Arteaga, Coyoacán, México
Samarjit Chakraborty, München, Germany
Jiming Chen, Hangzhou, P.R. China
Tan Kay Chen, Singapore, Singapore
Rüdiger Dillmann, Karlsruhe, Germany
Haibin Duan, Beijing, China
Gianluigi Ferrari, Parma, Italy
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Sandra Hirche, München, Germany
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Janusz Kacprzyk, Warsaw, Poland
Alaa Khamis, New Cairo City, Egypt
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Tan Cher Ming, Singapore, Singapore
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Cun-Zheng Ning, Tempe, USA
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Germano Veiga, Porto, Portugal
Haitao Wu, Beijing, China
Junjie James Zhang, Charlotte, USA
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Marco Baldi Stefano Tomasin
(cid:129)
Editors
Physical and Data-Link
Security Techniques
for Future Communication
Systems
123
Editors
MarcoBaldi StefanoTomasin
Department ofInformation Engineering Department ofInformation Engineering
UniversitàPolitecnica delle Marche University of Padova
Ancona Padova
Italy Italy
ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Electrical Engineering
ISBN978-3-319-23608-7 ISBN978-3-319-23609-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-23609-4
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Preface
In recent years, communication and data security is becoming of paramount
importance,andsomesignificantacademicandindustrialresearcheffortsarebeing
directed in this area.
Besides classical approaches to security, new paradigms are taking root, with
immensepotentialinanumberofscenarios.Amongthem,physicallayersecurityis
one of the most fascinating, though partly unexplored research areas. The first
impulsetothisapproachhasbeengivenintheseventieswithWyner’sstudyonthe
wiretapchannel,andsincethenthisfieldknewanexponentialgrowth.Thechance
to exploit the random and unique character of the transmission channel to achieve
security and authentication is very attractive, and may pave the way to new and
more user-oriented security solutions.
However, physical layer security is still not sufficiently mature to provide
practicalsolutionstobeincludedincurrentcommunicationsystemsandstandards,
therefore some effort is still needed in this direction. On the other hand, classical
solutionsrelyoncomputationalsecuritytechniques,likecryptography,andworkat
the data-link layer, assuming perfect transmission at the physical layer. This is a
knownlimitofclassicalsecuritytechniques,especiallywhentheyareusedoverthe
wireless channel, which always represents a great security challenge, due to its
intrinsic broadcast nature. In several occasions, the use of classical security solu-
tions over the wireless channel has resulted in overlooked security threats and
vulnerabilities, thus demonstrating the need for a more comprehensive security
design, starting at the physical layer. Despite this, the integration of physical and
data-link layer security techniques is still in initial stages. Other channels, as the
powerline communication channel, pose similar problems as the wireless trans-
missions,aswellasmanyprivacyconcernsfortheapplicationsusuallyrunningon
this medium.
The enhancing communication security by cross-layer physical and data-link
techniques (ESCAPADE) research project supported by the Italian Ministry of
Education aims at providing a contribution in the direction to fill the gap, by
studying innovative and practical physical and data-link layer security techniques,
v
vi Preface
as well as their integration. The Workshop on Communications Security (WCS
2014) was organized in the framework of the project to foster discussion among
researchers working in both these fields, with the aim to address important open
problems in the relevant areas and exchange new ideas concerning the links
between them.
This book originates from the workshop, and collects extended versions of the
works presented on that occasion, together with some relevant invited contribu-
tions,addressingsomeofthemostimportantproblemsinthetwofieldsofphysical
and data-link layer security techniques. We believe that this can provide a useful
collectionofreferencematerial tothoseinterested intheseareas,thusfosteringthe
adoption of mixed physical and data-link layer security solutions.
The first part of the book is devoted to physical layer security, with an invited
tutorialonadvancesinthisarea,startingfromageneralviewandthenfocusingon
some specific scenarios and practical techniques. Among them, we find the use of
fading channels and practical codes to achieve security, which are two important
solutions in this area, addressed in detail in the next two chapters. Then, two
importantvariantsofthebasicphysicallayersecuritysettingareconsidered,thatis,
transmission over broadcast channels with confidential messages and extraction of
secret keys from the wireless channel. The implementation of these techniques in
practical scenarios is then addressed by two chapters on key extraction in ultra
wideband transmissions and power line communication networks. The security
featuresoftwospecialsettingsarethenstudied.Infact,thenexttwochaptersfocus
onsecurityincompressedsensing—wheretheaimistoreducethesampledsizeof
signals—andfuzzy vaults—whichaimatprovidingsecureauthenticationbasedon
biometric features. The latter chapter opens the second part of the book, which is
devoted to computational security techniques, with contributions concerning
cryptosystems, like the Naccache-Stern and AES schemes, and their cryptanalysis.
The last two chapters of the book provide an insight into the implementation of
security and authentication techniques in practice, which is an important target to
achieve by any newly introduced security solution.
The editors wish to gratefully acknowledge Franco Chiaraluce and Nicola
Laurenti for their precious help throughout the ESCAPADE project, and Nicola
Maturo and Giacomo Ricciutelli for their tireless support concerning the organi-
zation of WCS 2014.
WealsowanttothankMatthieuBloch,ArseniaChorti,DavidElkouss,Frederic
Gabry, Ingmar Land, Ayoub Otmani, Edoardo Persichetti, Francesco Renna,
DavideSchipani,andAydinSezginforhavingreviewedthechaptersandhelpedto
improve the book quality.
Ancona, Paris Marco Baldi
June 2015 Stefano Tomasin
Acknowledgments
This book was supported in part by the MIUR project “ESCAPADE” (Grant
RBFR105NLC) under the “FIRB—Futuro in Ricerca 2010” funding program.
vii
Contents
1 Physical Layer Security: A Paradigm Shift in Data
Confidentiality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
1
Arsenia Chorti, Camilla Hollanti, Jean-Claude Belfiore
and Harold Vincent Poor
2 Secure Communication in Wiretap Channels with Partial
and Statistical CSI at the Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
Eduard Jorswieck, Pin-Hsun Lin, Sabrina Engelmann
and Anne Wolf
3 MIMOME Gaussian Channels with GMM Signals
in High-SNR Regime: Fundamental Limits and Tradeoffs. . . . . ..
33
Francesco Renna, Nicola Laurenti and Stefano Tomasin
4 Performance Analysis of Transmission over AWGN Wiretap
Channels with Practical Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 53
MarcoBaldi,FrancoChiaraluce,NicolaMaturoandStefanoTomasin
5 Broadcast Channels with Confidential Messages: Channel
Uncertainty, Robustness, and Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
69
Rafael F. Schaefer, Andrea Grigorescu, Holger Boche
and H. Vincent Poor
6 End-to-End Key Establishment with Physical Layer Key
Generation and Specific Attacker Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
93
Stefan Pfennig, Elke Franz, Sabrina Engelmann and Anne Wolf
7 Experimental Results on Secret-Key Extraction from
Unsynchronized UWB Channel Observations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
111
Gianni Pasolini, Enrico Paolini, Davide Dardari and Marco Chiani
ix
x Contents
8 Physical Layer Security in Power Line Communication
Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
125
Alberto Pittolo and Andrea M. Tonello
9 Security Aspects of Compressed Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 145
Tiziano Bianchi and Enrico Magli
10 Subspace Fuzzy Vault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
163
Kyle Marshall, Davide Schipani, Anna-Lena Trautmann
and Joachim Rosenthal
11 An Information Rate Improvement for a Polynomial Variant
of the Naccache-Stern Knapsack Cryptosystem. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173
Giacomo Micheli, Joachim Rosenthal and Reto Schnyder
12 Implementation and Improvement of the Partial Sum Attack
on 6-Round AES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
181
Francesco Aldà, Riccardo Aragona, Lorenzo Nicolodi
and Massimiliano Sala
13 A Real Life Project in Cryptography: Assessment
of RSA Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 197
Riccardo Aragona, Francesco Gozzini and Massimiliano Sala
14 Encoding in the DTMF Channel for Two-Channel
Authentication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
205
Alessio Meneghetti, Pietro Peterlongo and Massimiliano Sala