Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae: Evidence from the Chloroplast and Nuclear Genomes

31 Pages·2001·24.4 MB·

by  Andre S Chanderbali

PHYLOGENY
Andr4
Chanderbali, 2 Henk van
S. der
*
AND
and
HISTORICAL Susanne
Werff,* Renner 2 3
S.
-
BIOGEOGRAPHY
OF
LAURACEAE:
EVIDENCE
FROM
THE
CHLOROPLAST
AND
NUCLEAR
GENOMES
1
Abstract
Phylogenetic among
relationships 122 species of lauraceae 44
representing 55
of the currently recognized genera
are inferred from sequence
variation in the chloroplasl and nuclear genomes. The
trnL-tmV, tmY-trnU
psbA-trnH and
rplUt regions ol cpDNA. and the 5' end of 26S rDNA resolved major
lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rl)NA
resolved a large terminal The
clade. phylogenelic
estimate used
is to assess morphology-based views
of relationships
and, with a temporal dimension
added,
to reconstruct the biogeographic
history of the family. Results suggest lauraceae
when
radiated
trans-Tethyean migration was
relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on Gondw
either
or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan
histories place Cryptocaryeae
in but a
small group South American
ol genera, the Cldoroeardium-MezUauras
clade. represent a separate Gondwanan
lineage.
Nnmnnamomum
Laryodaphnopsis and may
be the only extant representatives
of the ancient Lauraceae docu-
flora
mented
Mid-
in to Late Cretaceous Laurasian Remaining
strata. genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Uureae clade
that radiated Larly kocene
in Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera
associate as the Persea group, and
cupuliferoi.s
genera Uureae
sort to of most Cinnamomeae
classifications or sensu Kostermans. Uureae
are Laurasian Asia
relicts in
Die Persea group and Cintuimomum
group Cinnamomeae)
show
(of
tropical amphi-Pacific
disjunctions here credit™
I
to disruption of boreotrop.cal ranges by Eocene-Oligoeene
climatic cooling. The Oeotea complex accommodates
re-
maining Cinnamomeae
ami shows
a
trans-Atlantic disjunction possibly derived from a Madrean-Tethvan
ancestral
distribution. Ihese
findings support Laurasian
ancestry most
for extant Lauraceae. with their considerable neotropical
representation
primarily derived from Miocene
Early
radiation of the Oeotea complex upon
reaching South America
Key
words: biogeography. DNA,
boreotropical, chloroplast Gondwana,
lauraceae.
Laurasia. Madrean-Tethvan, mo-
lecular clock, phytogeny, ribosomal DNA.
Lauraceae
form a large family of woody plants prominent components
of lowland and
forests are
(except the herbaceous
parasite Cassytha), with frequently dominant
elements montane
in vegcta-
about 50 genera and 2500 3000
to species
distrib- tion (Gentry, 1988).
uted throughout
tropical to subtropical Given
latitudes.
their antiquity, widespread
distribution,
They among
are the more speciose
basal angio- and
ecological prominence,
Lauraceae
provide a
sperm
families and have
a fossil record that reaches model system
for investigating angiosperm
bioge-
back
the Mid-Cretaceous
to (Drinnan
et al., 1990; ography. Moreover, the three tribes recognized by
&
Eklund
Kvacek,
1998). Current taxonomic di- van der Werff and
Richter
(1996) suggest major
that
versity is centered in tropical America and Aus-
divisions in the family draw along geographic
li
and
tralasia, although poorly represented
in conti- Laureae include
three genera with North Ameri-
nental Africa. Lauraceae
flourish in Madagascar. In can-Asian
disjunctions
(Utsea, Lindera,
Scissafras),
the Americ; among
tropics they list the most Mediterranean Laurus, and Asian endemics
(e.g.,'
T
i authors thank anonymous
i <™ reviewers for insightful comments; Ueda
K. for eight unpublished
Irnl.-IrnV seen lenc-
>r f»r six unpublished ITS sequences; M. Zanis
• for five at the time unpublished 1TS/5.8S/26S sequences;
DNA
Y-L. Qiu
for providing three
aliquots; the Harvard Herbaria E
for providing leaf material of usideroxyhn; Andrea
Schwarzbach
guidance
for molecular
in techniques; and innumerable who
colleagues helped
to collect material of
lauraceae for this study. This study was undertaken
as part of ASC's doctoral
dissertation research
the Dniversitv
at
of M.ssouri-St. Loins, and was supported
by grants from
the Mallinckrodt Foundation administered by the International
Center
lor Irop.cal Lcology. University of Missouri-St. Ix.uis, and from the Smithsonian
Institution's biological Diversity
the Gu.anas Program ASC;
ol to National Geographic
Society grants 4631-91. 5635-%, and 6571-99 HW;
t« and grants
from
the University of Missouri system and
University
of Missouri-St. Louis to SSR. This article Number 45
is in the
Smithsonian
Institution's Biological Diversity of the Guianas
Publication
series.
m
)TTr n ° f ° IOgy Universit <>f Missouri-St.Louis, 800] Natural Bridge Road. 63121-
A4Qo ' ' > St. Louis, Missouri
Missouri botanical Garden, Box
P.O. 299,
• St. Louis. Missouri 63166,
U.S.A.
Ann.
Missouri Bot. Gard.
104-134.
88: 2001.
Volume Number Chanderbali 105
88, et
al.
1
Phylogeny and Biogeography Lauraceae
2001
of
Actinodaphne and Neolitsea). Cryptocaryeae in- lowed that Persea was an "old Laurasian genus" but
elude pantropical Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya, suggested that subgenus Eriodaphne, like all other
and other predominantly Southern Hemispheric members of the family, arrived in South America
genera with narrower ranges Endiandra and via Africa. Alternatively, Taylor (1988) suggested
(e.g.,
Androglandula
Potameia). Perseeae are centered in the Neotropics that the fossil flower tennessensis
with three widespread genera. Cinnamomum dis- Taylor, from the Eocene of North America, is com-
is
between A and Asian parable Cinnamomum, Ocotea, and Nectandra,
junct the •an to
group
(sub)tropics; Persea (including Machilus) ranges indicating a boreotropical history for this of
Amer-
throughout the Neotropics (into the southeastern genera, with subsequent migration to South
the Canary Islands, and Asia; and Ocotea has ica. Raven and Axelrod (1974) and Taylor (1988)
U.S.),
about 300 neotropical species, one in Macaronesia, allowed that although differing in the direction of
and
a few in Africa, and about 30 more in Madagascar. migration, the high level of species diversity
-
Apart from a few Asian genera Dehaasia and generic endemism require a Late Cretaceous-Early
(e.g.,
South America. Roh-
Phoebe) idered closely related to Persea, all Tertiary arrival in In contrast,
more
endemic Neo- wer and Kubitzki preferred a recent
other genera of Perseeae are to the (1993)
Aiouea, Aniba, Endlicheria, Licaria, arrival of this group, possibly as late as the Plio-
tropics
(e.g.,
Panamanian
Nectandra, Pleurothyrium, and Rhodostemonoda- cene closure of the Isthmus, followed
phne). The distributions of Laureae and Cryptocar- by rapid radiation in South America.
yeae are consistent with Laurasian and Gondwanan These alternative views are here assessed by
histories, respectively, but that of Perseeae is am- adding a temporal dimension to a phylogenetic es-
biguous in this regard. The trans-Atlantic distri- timate for Lauraceae reconstructed with molecular
bution of Ocotea suggests West Gondwanan history, characters retrieved from both chloroplast and nu-
genomes.
but the tropical amphi-Pacific distributions of Cin- clear
namomum
and Persea suggest Laurasian
affinities.
Whether Materials and Methods
or not these ambiguities are artifacts of
and/or generic circumscription unclear.
tribal is
TAXON AND MOLECULAR SAMPLING
The Lauraceae Lau-
systematics of unsettled.
is
reae are recognized in most prior classifications, A 44
Q 131 spec 122 representing of
tota f ies,
j
but other concepts are not widely accepted.
tribal
the 55 current recognized genera of Lauraceae,
ly
Van der Werff and Richter (1996) Cryptocaryeae
s
and 9 representing 3 outgroup families (Gomorte-
and Perseeae are revised concepts supported by
gaceae Hernandiaceae, and Monimiaceae) were in-
,
wood and bark anatomy.
Richter's (1981) study of
c u ded in this study. Seventy-seven in-group spe-
\
Some aspects of Cryptocaryeae gain support from
were nc n a broad-scale study based on
cies U( e(
j l i ] i
bryology (Heo et al., 1998), but characters for and psbA-trnH
sequence variation in the trnL-trnF
A
further subdivision of the family were not found. cpDNA. Guided by
ntergenic spacers of the find-
i
cladistic analysis of molecular data (Rohwer, 2000) ings of this mo eC ular and taxon sampling a two-
l
provided support Cryptocaryeae and united
also for
app roach was adopted obtain better rep-
tiered to
Perseeae and Laureae in a well-supported but un-
and phylogenetic resolution the
resentation at
resolved clade. This Perseeae-Laureae clade ac-
gener Thus a subset of the species repre-
ic level.
commodates most of the family, and distribution
its sent ng basal lineages in Lauraceae was also se-
i
between American and
implies a disjunction the
quencec or the trnT-trnL spacer, and the rpll6 in-
f
|
Such
Asian tropics with a minor African presence. DNA, 5' end 26S rDNA,
tron of cp as well as the of
Gond-
can be credited extinction of
distributions to
while 94 spec es representing Perseeae, Laureae,
i
&
Raven
wanan lineages in Africa (e.g., Axelrod, and group were samp e d for the ITS/
their sister
l
1974), but Laurasian ancestry followed by radiation DNA. GenBank
gg Table provides
5 region of nr 1
Asia and America was favored by Roh-
in tropical
information accessions,
for all
acknowledged
wer Tropical Asia as a har-
(2000). is
bor for Laurasian relicts (e.g., Wolfe, 1975), but AND
DNA EXTRACTION, PCK AMPLIFICATION,
800
approximately
Rohwer's hypothesis that the
SEQUENCING
neotropical species of Perseeae are derived from
DNA
Gondwan- was obtained from silica-gel-dried,
Laurasian immigrants contrasts with the Total
(QIAGEN)
Dneasy
an origin credited to most major neotropical plant herbarium, or fresh leaves using
& PCR
groups Raven Axelrod, 1974; Gentry, 1982; extraction kits. amplification of chloroplast
(e.g.,
&
Burnham Graham, was conducted using standard protocols
references in Goldblatt, 1993; loci (e.g.,
10%
White For nuclear markers,
1999). Further, Raven and Axelrod (1974: 563) al- et al., 1990).
106
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Volume Chanderbali
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Phylogeny and Biogeography Lauraceae
2001 of
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DMSO PCR
was added and the protocol described
The
cc by Kuzoff (1998) was followed. trnL-trnF
et al.
and trnT-trnL regions were amplified using primers
The
designed by Taberlet (1991). trnL-trnF
et al.
spacer sequences begin near the 5' end of the spac-
tRNA-
CM Tt CM er and include 138 bp of the 5' end of the
^
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Phe gene. The spacer between
C/3 (trnF)
sO COM 3 sO 3
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tRNA-Thr
CM CM CM CM CM (trnL) and (trnT) aligns readily with oth-
< < < <
sequences produced by Ren-
lauralean trnT-trnL
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Si but align with the few
u tier (1999), is difficult to
©
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GenBank,
C CM VO u0 available trnT-trnL sequences in the
CM CM CM CM
3
which sequences from
most similar of are trnT-trnL
CM CM CM CM CM CM
3
(48% The psbA-trnH spacer
Dioscorea similarity).
o < < < < <
and rpll6 intron were amplified using primers of
1/3
u Sang (1997) and Asmussen (1999), respec-
et al.
cc CO
cd
co Tf CM CO Tf
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The psbA-trnH sequences obtained Laur-
for
tively.
c
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aceae include the entire spacer region and overlap
< < < < <
psbA
O03 by about 40 base pairs with the 3' end of the
gene and 5' end of the trnH gene of Helianthus
m
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annuus deposited (X60428).
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£
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PCR
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(1998).
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fication of ITS, the
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(5'-ACCACCACCGGCAACCA-3')
ward primer
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it
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possible amplify the entire ITS region using
to
LAUR
and ITS B, but for some poor-quality tem-
1
O
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QQ
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03
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universal primers of White et al. (1990) with
cd
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ITS
as entire ITS 2 and 5.8S regions. Rarely, only 1
'£ % 3
£
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ITS 2 was obtained.
or
r_i
PCR
products were purified following the pro-
QIAquick
provided by gel extraction kits
X tocol
03
(QIAGEN) and sequenced using the dye terminator
3
CD 5 O cycle sequencing protocol (Applied Biosystems).
3
e cd
E
3
Sequence were analyzed on ABI 373 or
reactions
03
3
C
2
o 5 ABI 377 automated sequencers (University of Mis-
•
3
c
DNA
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U e2 v souri-Columbia Core Sequencing Facility and
03
3 Lee and
3 5 £ University of Missouri-St. Louis D. E.
cd
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Family Sequencing Except for the
3 "3 cd r1 s Facility).
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<u
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region,
£ e
5,
o
DNA
were read and
the 5' end, both strands of