Table Of Content

PhotothermalSpectroscopyMethods CHEMICALANALYSIS ASeriesofMonographsonAnalyticalChemistryandItsApplications SeriesEditor MARKF.VITHA EditorialBoard StephenC.Jacobson,StephenG.Weber Vol.1TheAnalyticalChemistryofIndustrialPoisons,Hazards,andSolvents.SecondEdition.BythelateMorris B.Jacobs Vol.2ChromatographicAdsorptionAnalysis.ByHaroldH.Strain(outofprint) Vol.3PhotometricDeterminationofTracesofMetals.FourthEdition PartI:GeneralAspects.ByE.B.SandellandHiroshiOnishi PartIIA:IndividualMetals,AluminumtoLithium.ByHiroshiOnishi PartIIB:IndividualMetals,MagnesiumtoZirconium.ByHiroshiOnishi Vol.4OrganicReagentsUsedinGravimetricandVolumetricAnalysis.ByJohnF.Flagg(outofprint) Vol.5Aquametry:ATreatiseonMethodsfortheDeterminationofWater.SecondEdition(inthreeparts).ByJohn Mitchell,Jr.andDonaldMiltonSmith Vol.6AnalysisofInsecticidesandAcaricides.ByFrancisA.GuntherandRogerC.Blinn(outofprint) Vol.7ChemicalAnalysisofIndustrialSolvents.BythelateMorrisB.JacobsandLeopoldSchetlan Vol.8ColorimetricDeterminationofNonmetals.SecondEdition.EditedbythelateDavidF.BoltzandJamesA. Howell Vol.9AnalyticalChemistryofTitaniumMetalsandCompounds.ByMauriceCodell Vol.10TheChemicalAnalysisofAirPollutants.BythelateMorrisB.Jacobs Vol.11X-RaySpectrochemicalAnalysis.SecondEdition.ByL.S.Birks Vol.12SystematicAnalysisofSurface-ActiveAgents.SecondEdition.ByMiltonJ.RosenandHenryA.Goldsmith Vol.13AlternatingCurrentPolarographyandTensammetry.ByB.BreyerandH.H.Bauer Vol.14FlamePhotometry.ByR.HerrmannandthelateC.T.J.Alkemade Vol.15TheTitrationofOrganicCompounds(intwoparts).ByM.R.F.Ashworth Vol.16ComplexationinAnalyticalChemistry:AGuidefortheCriticalSelectionofAnalyticalMethodsBasedon ComplexationReactions.BythelateAndersRingbom Vol.17ElectronProbeMicroanalysis.SecondEdition.ByL.S.Birks Vol.18 OrganicComplexingReagents:Structure,Behavior,andApplicationtoInorganicAnalysis.ByD.D.Perrin Vol.19ThermalAnalysis.ThirdEdition.ByWesleyWm.Wendlandt Vol.20AmperometricTitrations.ByJohnT.Stock Vol.21ReflectanceSpectroscopy.ByWesleyWm.WendlandtandHarryG.Hecht Vol.22TheAnalyticalToxicologyofIndustrialInorganicPoisons.BythelateMorrisB.Jacobs Vol.23TheFormationandPropertiesofPrecipitates.ByAlanG.Walton Vol.24KineticsinAnalyticalChemistry.ByHarryB.Mark,Jr.andGarryA.Rechnitz Vol.25AtomicAbsorptionSpectroscopy.SecondEdition.ByWalterSlavin Vol.26CharacterizationofOrganometallicCompounds(intwoparts).EditedbyMinoruTsutsui Vol.27RockandMineralAnalysis.SecondEdition.ByWesleyM.JohnsonandJohnA.Maxwell Vol.28TheAnalyticalChemistryofNitrogenandItsCompounds(intwoparts).EditedbyC.A.Streuliand PhilipR.Averell Vol.29TheAnalyticalChemistryofSulfurandItsCompounds(inthreeparts).ByJ.H.Karchmer Vol.30UltramicroElementalAnalysis.ByGütherToölg Vol.31PhotometricOrganicAnalysis(intwoparts).ByEugeneSawicki Vol.32DeterminationofOrganicCompounds:MethodsandProcedures.ByFrederickT.Weiss Vol.33MaskingandDemaskingofChemicalReactions.ByD.D.Perrin Vol.34NeutronActivationAnalysis.ByD.DeSoete,R.Gijbels,andJ.Hoste Vol.35LaserRamanSpectroscopy.ByMarvinC.Tobin Vol.36EmissionSpectrochemicalAnalysis.ByWalterSlavin Vol.37AnalyticalChemistryofPhosphorusCompounds.EditedbyM.Halmann Vol.38LuminescenceSpectrometryinAnalyticalChemistry.ByJ.D.Winefordner,S.G.Schulman,andT.C. O’Haver Vol.39ActivationAnalysiswithNeutronGenerators.BySamS.NargolwallaandEdwinP.Przybylowicz Vol.40DeterminationofGaseousElementsinMetals.EditedbyLynnL.Lewis,LabenM.Melnick,andBenD.Holt Vol.41AnalysisofSilicones.EditedbyA.LeeSmith Vol.42FoundationsofUltracentrifugalAnalysis.ByH.Fujita Vol.43ChemicalInfraredFourierTransformSpectroscopy.ByPeterR.Griffiths Vol.44MicroscaleManipulationsinChemistry.ByT.S.MaandV.Horak Vol.45ThermometricTitrations.ByJ.Barthel Vol.46TraceAnalysis:SpectroscopicMethodsforElements.EditedbyJ.D.Winefordner Vol.47ContaminationControlinTraceElementAnalysis.ByMorrisZiefandJamesW.Mitchell Vol.48AnalyticalApplicationsofNMR.ByD.E.LeydenandR.H.Cox Vol.49MeasurementofDissolvedOxygen.ByMichaelL.Hitchman Vol.50AnalyticalLaserSpectroscopy.EditedbyNicoloOmenetto Vol.51TraceElementAnalysisofGeologicalMaterials.ByRogerD.ReevesandRobertR.Brooks Vol.52ChemicalAnalysisbyMicrowaveRotationalSpectroscopy.ByRaviVarmaandLawrenceW.Hrubesh Vol.53InformationTheoryasAppliedtoChemicalAnalysis.ByKarlEckschlagerandVladimirStepanek Vol.54AppliedInfraredSpectroscopy:Fundamentals,Techniques,andAnalyticalProblem-solving.ByA. LeeSmith Vol.55ArchaeologicalChemistry.ByZviGoffer Vol.56ImmobilizedEnzymesinAnalyticalandClinicalChemistry.ByP.W.CarrandL.D.Bowers Vol.57PhotoacousticsandPhotoacousticSpectroscopy.ByAllanRosencwaig Vol.58AnalysisofPesticideResidues.EditedbyH.AnsonMoye Vol.59AffinityChromatography.ByWilliamH.Scouten Vol.60QualityControlinAnalyticalChemistry.SecondEdition.ByG.KatemanandL.Buydens Vol.61DirectCharacterizationofFineParticles.ByBrianH.Kaye Vol.62FlowInjectionAnalysis.ByJ.RuzickaandE.H.Hansen Vol.63AppliedElectronSpectroscopyforChemicalAnalysis.EditedbyHassanWindawiandFloydHo Vol.64AnalyticalAspectsofEnvironmentalChemistry.EditedbyDavidF.S.NatuschandPhilipK.Hopke Vol.65TheInterpretationofAnalyticalChemicalDatabytheUseofClusterAnalysis.ByD.LucMassartand LeonardKaufman Vol.66SolidPhaseBiochemistry:AnalyticalandSyntheticAspects.EditedbyWilliamH.Scouten Vol.67AnIntroductiontoPhotoelectronSpectroscopy.ByPradipK.Ghosh Vol.68RoomTemperaturePhosphorimetryforChemicalAnalysis.ByTuanVo-Dinh Vol.69PotentiometryandPotentiometricTitrations.ByE.P.Serjeant Vol.70DesignandApplicationofProcessAnalyzerSystems.ByPaulE.Mix Vol.71AnalysisofOrganicandBiologicalSurfaces.EditedbyPatrickEchlin Vol.72SmallBoreLiquidChromatographyColumns:TheirPropertiesandUses.EditedbyRaymondP.W.Scott Vol.73ModernMethodsofParticleSizeAnalysis.EditedbyHowardG.Barth Vol.74AugerElectronSpectroscopy.ByMichaelThompson,M.D.Baker,AlecChristie,andJ.F.Tyson Vol.75SpotTestAnalysis:Clinical,Environmental,ForensicandGeochemicalApplications.ByErvinJungreis Vol.76ReceptorModelinginEnvironmentalChemistry.ByPhilipK.Hopke Vol.77MolecularLuminescenceSpectroscopy:MethodsandApplications(inthreeparts).EditedbyStephen G.Schulman Vol.78InorganicChromatographicAnalysis.EditedbyJohnC.MacDonald Vol.79AnalyticalSolutionCalorimetry.EditedbyJ.K.Grime Vol.80SelectedMethodsofTraceMetalAnalysis:BiologicalandEnvironmentalSamples.ByJonC.VanLoon Vol.81TheAnalysisofExtraterrestrialMaterials.ByIsidoreAdler Vol.82Chemometrics.ByMuhammadA.Sharaf,DeborahL.Illman,andBruceR.Kowalski Vol.83FourierTransformInfraredSpectrometry.ByPeterR.GriffithsandJamesA.deHaseth Vol.84TraceAnalysis:SpectroscopicMethodsforMolecules.EditedbyGaryChristianandJamesB.Callis Vol.85UltratraceAnalysisofPharmaceuticalsandOtherCompoundsofInterest.EditedbyS.Ahuja Vol.86SecondaryIonMassSpectrometry:BasicConcepts,InstrumentalAspects,ApplicationsandTrends. ByA.Benninghoven,F.G.Rüenauer,andH.W.Werner Vol.87AnalyticalApplicationsofLasers.EditedbyEdwardH.Piepmeier Vol.88AppliedGeochemicalAnalysis.ByC.O.IngamellsandF.F.Pitard Vol.89DetectorsforLiquidChromatography.EditedbyEdwardS.Yeung Vol.90InductivelyCoupledPlasmaEmissionSpectroscopy:Part1:Methodology,Instrumentation,and Performance;PartII:ApplicationsandFundamentals.EditedbyP.W.J.M.Boumans Vol.91ApplicationsofNewMassSpectrometryTechniquesinPesticideChemistry.EditedbyJosephRosen Vol.92X-RayAbsorption:Principles,Applications,TechniquesofEXAFS,SEXAFS,andXANES.Editedby D.C.Konnigsberger Vol.93QuantitativeStructure-ChromatographicRetentionRelationships.ByRomanKaliszan Vol.94LaserRemoteChemicalAnalysis.EditedbyRaymondM.Measures Vol.95InorganicMassSpectrometry.EditedbyF.Adams,R.Gijbels,andR.VanGrieken Vol.96KineticAspectsofAnalyticalChemistry.ByHoracioA.Mottola Vol.97Two-DimensionalNMRSpectroscopy.ByJanSchramlandJonM.Bellama Vol.98HighPerformanceLiquidChromatography.EditedbyPhyllisR.BrownandRichardA.Hartwick Vol.99X-RayFluorescenceSpectrometry.ByRonJenkins Vol.100AnalyticalAspectsofDrugTesting.EditedbyDaleG.Deustch Vol.101ChemicalAnalysisofPolycyclicAromaticCompounds.EditedbyTuanVo-Dinh Vol.102QuadrupoleStorageMassSpectrometry.ByRaymondE.MarchandRichardJ.Hughes(outofprint:see Vol165) Vol.103DeterminationofMolecularWeight.EditedbyAnthonyR.Cooper Vol.104SelectivityandDetectabilityOptimizationinHPLC.BySatinderAhuja Vol.105LaserMicroanalysis.ByLieselotteMoenke-Blankenburg Vol.106ClinicalChemistry.EditedbyE.HowardTaylor Vol.107MultielementDetectionSystemsforSpectrochemicalAnalysis.ByKennethW.BuschandMarianna A.Busch Vol.108PlanarChromatographyintheLifeSciences.EditedbyJosephC.Touchstone Vol.109FluorometricAnalysisinBiomedicalChemistry:TrendsandTechniquesIncludingHPLCApplications. ByNorioIchinose,GeorgeSchwedt,FrankMichaelSchnepel,andKyokoAdochi Vol.110AnIntroductiontoLaboratoryAutomation.ByVictorCerdáandGuillermoRamis Vol.111GasChromatography:Biochemical,Biomedical,andClinicalApplications.EditedbyRayE.Clement Vol.112TheAnalyticalChemistryofSilicones.EditedbyA.LeeSmith Vol.113ModernMethodsofPolymerCharacterization.EditedbyHowardG.BarthandJimmyW.Mays Vol.114AnalyticalRamanSpectroscopy.EditedbyJeanetteGraselliandBernardJ.Bulkin Vol.115TraceandUltratraceAnalysisbyHPLC.BySatinderAhuja Vol.116RadiochemistryandNuclearMethodsofAnalysis.ByWilliamD.EhmannandDianeE.Vance Vol.117ApplicationsofFluorescenceinImmunoassays.ByIlkkaHemmila Vol.118PrinciplesandPracticeofSpectroscopicCalibration.ByHowardMark Vol.119ActivationSpectrometryinChemicalAnalysis.ByS.J.Parry Vol.120RemoteSensingbyFourierTransformSpectrometry.ByReinhardBeer Vol.121DetectorsforCapillaryChromatography.EditedbyHerbertH.HillandDennisMcMinn Vol.122PhotochemicalVaporDeposition.ByJ.G.Eden Vol.123StatisticalMethodsinAnalyticalChemistry.ByPeterC.MeierandRichardZüd Vol.124LaserIonizationMassAnalysis.EditedbyAkosVertes,RenaatGijbels,andFredAdams Vol.125PhysicsandChemistryofSolidStateSensorDevices.ByAndreasMandelisandConstantinosChristofides Vol.126ElectroanalyticalStrippingMethods.ByKhjenaZ.BraininaandE.Neyman Vol.127AirMonitoringbySpectroscopicTechniques.EditedbyMarkusW.Sigrist Vol.128InformationTheoryinAnalyticalChemistry.ByKarelEckschlagerandKlausDanzer Vol.129FlameChemiluminescenceAnalysisbyMolecularEmissionCavityDetection.EditedbyDavidStiles, AnthonyCalokerinos,andAlanTownshend Vol.130HydrideGenerationAtomicAbsorptionSpectrometry.EditedbyJiriDedinaandDimiterL.Tsalev Vol.131SelectiveDetectors:Environmental,Industrial,andBiomedicalApplications.EditedbyRobertE.Sievers Vol.132High-SpeedCountercurrentChromatography.EditedbyYoichiroItoandWalterD.Conway Vol.133Particle-InducedX-RayEmissionSpectrometry.BySvenA.E.Johansson,JohnL.Campbell,andKlasG. Malmqvist Vol.134PhotothermalSpectroscopyMethodsforChemicalAnalysis.ByStephenE.Bialkowski Vol.135ElementSpeciationinBioinorganicChemistry.EditedbySergioCaroli Vol.136Laser-EnhancedIonizationSpectrometry.EditedbyJohnC.TravisandGregoryC.Turk Vol.137FluorescenceImagingSpectroscopyandMicroscopy.EditedbyXueFengWangandBrianHerman Vol.138IntroductiontoX-RayPowderDiffractometry.ByRonJenkinsandRobertL.Snyder Vol.139ModernTechniquesinElectroanalysis.EditedbyPetrVanýsek Vol.140Total-ReflectionX-RayFluorescenceAnalysis.ByReinholdKlockenkamper Vol.141SpotTestAnalysis:Clinical,Environmental,Forensic,andGeochemicalApplications.SecondEdition. ByErvinJungreis Vol.142TheImpactofStereochemistryonDrugDevelopmentandUse.EditedbyHassanY.Aboul-Eneinand IrvingW.Wainer Vol.143MacrocyclicCompoundsinAnalyticalChemistry.EditedbyYuryA.Zolotov Vol.144Surface-LaunchedAcousticWaveSensors:ChemicalSensingandThin-FilmCharacterization.By MichaelThompsonandDavidStone Vol.145ModernIsotopeRatioMassSpectrometry.EditedbyT.J.Platzner Vol.146HighPerformanceCapillaryElectrophoresis:Theory,Techniques,andApplications.EditedbyMorteza G.Khaledi Vol.147SolidPhaseExtraction:PrinciplesandPractice.ByE.M.Thurman Vol.148CommercialBiosensors:ApplicationstoClinical,BioprocessandEnvironmentalSamples.Editedby GrahamRamsay Vol.149APracticalGuidetoGraphiteFurnaceAtomicAbsorptionSpectrometry.ByDavidJ.Butcherand JosephSneddon Vol.150PrinciplesofChemicalandBiologicalSensors.EditedbyDermotDiamond Vol.151 PesticideResidueinFoods:Methods,Technologies,andRegulations.ByW.GeorgeFong,H.AnsonMoye, JamesN.Seiber,andJohnP.Toth Vol.152X-RayFluorescenceSpectrometry.SecondEdition.ByRonJenkins Vol.153StatisticalMethodsinAnalyticalChemistry.SecondEdition.ByPeterC.MeierandRichardE.Züd Vol.154ModernAnalyticalMethodologiesinFat-andWater-SolubleVitamins.EditedbyWonO.Song,GaryR. Beecher,andRonaldR.Eitenmiller Vol.155ModernAnalyticalMethodsinArtandArchaeology.EditedbyEnricoCilibertoandGuiseppeSpoto Vol.156Shpol’skiiSpectroscopyandOtherSiteSelectionMethods:ApplicationsinEnvironmentalAnalysis, BioanalyticalChemistryandChemicalPhysics.EditedbyC.Gooijer,F.ArieseandJ.W.Hofstraat Vol.157RamanSpectroscopyforChemicalAnalysis.ByRichardL.McCreery Vol.158Large(C>=24)PolycyclicAromaticHydrocarbons:ChemistryandAnalysis.ByJohnC.Fetzer Vol.159HandbookofPetroleumAnalysis.ByJamesG.Speight Vol.160HandbookofPetroleumProductAnalysis.ByJamesG.Speight Vol.161PhotoacousticInfraredSpectroscopy.ByKirkH.Michaelian Vol.162SamplePreparationTechniquesinAnalyticalChemistry.EditedbySomenathMitra Vol.163AnalysisandPurificationMethodsinCombinationChemistry.EditedbyBingYan Vol.164Chemometrics:FromBasicstoWaveletTransform.ByFoo-timChau,Yi-ZengLiang,JunbinGao,and Xue-guangShao Vol.165QuadrupoleIonTrapMassSpectrometry.SecondEdition.ByRaymondE.MarchandJohnF.J.Todd Vol.166HandbookofCoalAnalysis.ByJamesG.Speight Vol.167IntroductiontoSoilChemistry:AnalysisandInstrumentation.ByAlfredR.Conklin,Jr. Vol.168EnvironmentalAnalysisandTechnologyfortheRefiningIndustry.ByJamesG.Speight Vol.169IdentificationofMicroorganismsbyMassSpectrometry.EditedbyCharlesL.WilkinsandJacksonO.Lay,Jr. Vol.170ArchaeologicalChemistry.SecondEdition.ByZviGoffer Vol.171FourierTransformInfraredSpectrometry.SecondEdition.ByPeterR.GriffithsandJamesA.deHaseth Vol.172NewFrontiersinUltrasensitiveBioanalysis:AdvancedAnalyticalChemistryApplicationsin Nanobiotechnology,SingleMoleculeDetection,andSingleCellAnalysis.EditedbyXiao-HongNancyXu Vol.173LiquidChromatographyTime-of-flightMassSpectrometry:Principles,Tools,andApplicationsfor AccurateMassAnalysis.EditedbyImmaFerrerandE.MichaelThurman Vol.174InVivoGlucoseSensing.EditedbyDavidO.CunninghamandJulieA.Stenken Vol.175MALDIMassSpectrometryforSyntheticPolymerAnalysis.ByLiangLi Vol.176InternalReflectionandATRSpectroscopy.ByMilanMilosevic Vol.177 HydrophilicInteractionChromatography:AGuideforPractitioners.EditedbyBernardA.OlsenandBrian W.Pack Vol.178IntroductiontoSoilChemistry:AnalysisandInstrumentation.SecondEdition.ByAlfredR.Conklin,Jr. Vol.179High-ThroughputAnalysisforFoodSafety.EditedbyPerryG.Wang,MarkF.Vitha,andJackF.Kay Vol.180HandbookofPetroleumProductAnalysis.SecondEdition.ByJamesG.Speight Vol.181Total-ReflectionX-RayFluorescenceAnalysis.SecondEdition.ByReinholdKlockenkamper Vol.182HandbookofCoalAnalysis.SecondEdition.ByJamesG.Speight Vol.183Pumps,ChannelsandTransporters:MethodsofFunctionalAnalysis.EditedByRonaldJ.Clarkeand MohammedA.AliKhalid Vol.184CirculatingTumorCells:IsolationandAnalysis.EditedbyZ.HughFan Vol.185LimitsofDetectioninChemicalAnalysis.ByEdwardVoigtman Vol.186PhotothermalSpectroscopyMethods.SecondEdition.ByStephenE.Bialkowski,NelsonG.C.Astrath,and MikhailA.Proskurnin Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods Second Edition Stephen E. Bialkowski Utah State University Logan, UT, US Nelson G. C. Astrath Universidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá – PR, Brazil Mikhail A. Proskurnin Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia Thiseditionfirstpublished2019 ©2019JohnWiley&Sons,Inc. EditionHistory JohnWiley&Sons(1e,1996) Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inany formorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbylaw.Advice onhowtoobtainpermissiontoreusematerialfromthistitleisavailableathttp://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. TherightofStephenE.Bialkowski,NelsonG.C.Astrath,andMikhailA.Proskurnintobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workhasbeenassertedinaccordancewithlaw. RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA EditorialOffice 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,customerservices,andmoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitusat www.wiley.com. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformatsandbyprint-on-demand.Somecontentthatappears instandardprintversionsofthisbookmaynotbeavailableinotherformats. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty Inviewofongoingresearch,equipmentmodifications,changesingovernmentalregulations,andtheconstantflowof informationrelatingtotheuseofexperimentalreagents,equipment,anddevices,thereaderisurgedtoreviewand evaluatetheinformationprovidedinthepackageinsertorinstructionsforeachchemical,pieceofequipment,reagent,or devicefor,amongotherthings,anychangesintheinstructionsorindicationofusageandforaddedwarningsand precautions.Whilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheirbesteffortsinpreparingthiswork,theymakeno representationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisworkandspecifically disclaimallwarranties,includingwithoutlimitationanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticular purpose.Nowarrantymaybecreatedorextendedbysalesrepresentatives,writtensalesmaterialsorpromotional statementsforthiswork.Thefactthatanorganization,website,orproductisreferredtointhisworkasacitationand/or potentialsourceoffurtherinformationdoesnotmeanthatthepublisherandauthorsendorsetheinformationorservices theorganization,website,orproductmayprovideorrecommendationsitmaymake.Thisworkissoldwiththe understandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Theadviceandstrategiescontained hereinmaynotbesuitableforyoursituation.Youshouldconsultwithaspecialistwhereappropriate.Further,readers shouldbeawarethatwebsiteslistedinthisworkmayhavechangedordisappearedbetweenwhenthisworkwaswritten andwhenitisread.Neitherthepublishernorauthorsshallbeliableforanylossofprofitoranyothercommercial damages,includingbutnotlimitedtospecial,incidental,consequential,orotherdamages. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Bialkowski,StephenE.,author.|Astrath,NelsonG.C.,1979-author.| Proskurnin,MikhailA.,1967-author.|Bialkowski,StephenE.Photothermal spectroscopymethodsforchemicalanalysis. Title:Photothermalspectroscopymethods/StephenE.Bialkowski(UtahState University,Logan,UT,US),NelsonG.C.Astrath(UniversidadeEstadualde Maringá,Maringá,PR,BR[Brazil]),MikhailA.Proskurnin(LomonosovMoscow StateUniversity,Moscow,RS). Othertitles:Photothermalspectroscopymethodsforchemicalanalysis Description:Secondedition.|Hoboken,NJ:Wiley,2019.|Series:Chemical analysis|Previousedition:Photothermalspectroscopymethodsfor chemicalanalysis/byStephenE.Bialkowski.|Includesbibliographical referencesandindex.| Identifiers:LCCN2019003717(print)|LCCN2019010545(ebook)|ISBN 9781119279082(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781119279099(ePub)|ISBN9781119279075 (hardback) Subjects:LCSH:Photothermalspectroscopy.|Spectrumanalysis. Classification:LCCQD96.P54(ebook)|LCCQD96.P54B532019(print)|DDC 543/.5–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2019003717 CoverDesign:Wiley CoverImage:CourtesyofStephenBialkowski Setin10/12ptWarnockbySPiGlobal,Pondicherry,India PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 vii Contents AbouttheAuthors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgments xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Photothermal Spectroscopy 1 1.2 Basic Processes inPhotothermal Spectroscopy 3 1.3 Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods 5 1.4 Application of Photothermal Spectroscopy 9 1.5 Illustrative History and Classification of Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods 10 1.5.1 Nature of the Photothermal Effect 10 1.5.2 Photoacoustic Spectroscopy 11 1.5.3 Single-Beam Photothermal Lens Spectroscopy 14 1.5.4 Photothermal Z-scan Technique 18 1.5.5 Photothermal Interferometry 20 1.5.6 Two-Beam Photothermal LensSpectroscopy 25 1.5.7 Photothermal Lens Microscopy 27 1.5.8 Photothermal Deflection, Refraction, and Diffraction 31 1.5.9 Photothermal Mirror 38 1.5.10 Photothermal IR Microspectroscopy 41 1.5.11 Photothermal Radiometry 44 1.5.12 Historic Summary 47 1.6 Some Important Features of Photothermal Spectroscopy 48 References 50 2 Absorption,EnergyTransfer,andExcitedStateRelaxation 57 2.1 Factors Affecting Optical Absorption 57 2.2 Optical Excitation 63 2.2.1 Kinetic Treatment of Optical Transitions 63 2.2.2 Nonradiative Transitions 69 2.3 Excited State Relaxation 72 2.3.1 Rotational and Vibrational Relaxation 73 2.3.2 Electronic States and Transitions 78 2.3.3 Electronic State Relaxation 80 2.4 Relaxation Kinetics 85 2.5 Nonlinear Absorption 88 viii Contents 2.5.1 Multiphoton Absorption 90 2.5.2 Optical Saturation of Two-Level Transitions 91 2.5.3 Optical Bleaching 93 2.5.4 Response Times During Optical Bleaching 95 2.5.5 Optical Bleaching of Organic Dyes 96 2.5.6 Relaxation for Impulse Excitation 98 2.5.7 Multiple Photon Absorption 99 2.6 Absorbed Energy 101 References 104 3 HydrodynamicRelaxation:HeatTransferandAcoustics 107 3.1 Local Equilibrium 107 3.2 Thermodynamic and Optical Parameters inPhotothermal Spectroscopy 108 3.2.1 Enthalpy and Temperature 108 3.2.2 Energy and Dynamic Change 111 3.3 Conservation Equations 111 3.4 Hydrodynamic Equations 116 3.5 Hydrodynamic Response to Photothermal Excitation 118 3.5.1 Solving theHydrodynamic Equations 119 3.5.2 Thermal Diffusion Mode 121 3.5.3 Fourier–Laplace Solutions forthe Thermal Diffusion Equation 122 3.5.4 Propagating Mode 124 3.5.5 Summary of Hydrodynamic Mode Solutions 125 3.6 Density Response to Impulse Excitation 126 3.6.1 One-Dimensional Case 127 3.6.2 Two-Dimensional Cylindrically Symmetric Example 129 3.6.3 Coupled Solutions 137 3.7 Solutions Including Mass Diffusion 138 3.8 Effect of Hydrodynamic Relaxation on Temperature 143 3.9 Thermodynamic Fluctuation 145 3.10 Noise Equivalent Density Fluctuation 146 3.11 Summary 150 Appendix 3.A Thermodynamic Parameter Calculation 150 Appendix 3.B Propagating Mode Impulse Response for Polar Coordinates in Infinite Media 151 References 153 4 TemperatureChange,ThermoelasticDeformation,andOpticalElementsin HomogeneousSamples 155 4.1 Temperature Change from Gaussian Excitation Sources 156 4.1.1 Thermal Diffusion Approximation 156 4.1.2 Gaussian Laser Excitation of Optically Thin Samples 157 4.1.3 Short Pulse Laser Excitation 159 4.1.4 Continuous Laser Excitation 160 4.1.4.1 Laser Heating 160 4.1.4.2 On-axis Temperature Change 161 4.1.4.3 Post-excitation Cooling 162 4.1.5 Chopped Laser Excitation 165 4.1.6 On-axis Temperature Change for Periodic Excitation 167 4.1.7 Gaussian Laser Excitation of Absorbing and Opaque Samples 168 Contents ix 4.1.7.1 Short Pulse Laser Excitation 169 4.1.7.2 Continuous Laser Excitation 170 4.1.8 Thermal Gratings 170 4.2 Thermodynamic Parameters 174 4.2.1 Thermodynamic Parameters Affecting Temperature 174 4.2.2 Convection Heat Transfer 178 4.3 Thermoelastic Displacement 180 4.3.1 Continuous Laser Excitation 181 4.3.2 Short Pulse Laser Excitation 182 4.4 Optical Elements 182 4.4.1 Phase Shift and Optical Path Length Difference 184 4.4.2 Phase Shift and Optical Path Length Difference Under Thermoelastic Deformation 185 4.4.3 Deflection Angle 189 4.4.4 Thermal Lens Focal Length 190 4.4.5 GratingStrength 193 4.5 Temperature-dependent Refractive Index Change 194 4.5.1 Density and Temperature Dependence of Refractive Index 195 4.5.2 Population Dependence on Refractive Index 199 4.5.3 Soret Effect 200 4.5.4 Other Factors Affecting Refractive Index 203 4.6 Temperature Change and Thermoelastic Displacement from Top-hat Excitation Sources 204 4.6.1 Temperature Change from Top-hat Excitation Sources 204 4.6.2 Thermoelastic Displacement from Top-hat Excitation Sources 205 4.7 Limitations 206 4.7.1 Excitation Beam Waist Radius Changes 207 4.7.2 Effects of Scattering and Optically Thick Samples 208 4.7.3 Finite Extent Sample Effects 210 4.7.4 Accounting forFinite Cell Radius 211 References 215 5 PhotothermalSpectroscopyinHomogeneousSamples 219 5.1 Photothermal Interferometry 219 5.2 Photothermal Deflection 224 5.2.1 Deflection Angle for Pulsed Laser Excitation 224 5.2.1.1 Collinear Probe Geometry 224 5.2.1.2 Crossed-beam Probe Geometry 226 5.2.2 Deflection Angle for Continuous and Chopped Laser Excitation 227 5.2.2.1 Continuous Excitation with Parallel Probe Geometry 227 5.2.2.2 Continuous Excitation with Crossed-probe Geometry 230 5.2.2.3 Chopped Excitation with Parallel Probe 230 5.2.3 Deflection Angle Detection 231 5.2.3.1 Probe Laser Beam Waist Effect 231 5.2.3.2 StraightedgeApparatus 234 5.2.3.3 Position Sensing Detectors 235 5.2.3.4 Other Methods to Detect Deflection Angle 236 5.2.3.5 Differential Deflection Angle 238 5.3 Thermal Lens Focal Length 239

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by Astrath, Nelson G. C., Bialkowski, Stephen E., Proskurnin, Mikhail

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Author:	Astrath, Nelson G. C.; Bialkowski, Stephen E.; Proskurnin, Mikhail
Publication Year:	2019
ISBN:	1119279070
Pages:	501
Language:	English
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