Phosphorus in Action: Biological Processes in Soil Phosphorus Cycling

485 Pages·2011·4.888 MB·English

by  Ashlea L. Doolette, Ronald J. Smernik (auth.), Else Bünemann, Astrid Oberson, Emmanuel Frossard (eds.)

Soil Biology
Volume 26
Series Editor
Ajit Varma, Amity Institute of Microbial Technology,
Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, India
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/5138
.
Else K. Bu¨nemann Astrid Oberson
l l
Emmanuel Frossard
Editors
Phosphorus in Action
Biological Processes
in Soil Phosphorus Cycling
Editors
Dr.ElseK.Bu¨nemann Dr.AstridOberson
ETHZurich ETHZurich
GroupofPlantNutrition,InstituteofPlant, GroupofPlantNutrition,InstituteofPlant,
AnimalandAgro-ecosystemSciences AnimalandAgro-ecosystemSciences
Eschikon33 Eschikon33
8315Lindau 8315Lindau
Switzerland Switzerland
[email protected] [email protected]
Prof.Dr.EmmanuelFrossard
ETHZurich
GroupofPlantNutrition,InstituteofPlant,
AnimalandAgro-ecosystemSciences
Eschikon33
8315Lindau
Switzerland
[email protected]
ISSN1613-3382
ISBN978-3-642-15270-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-15271-9
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011
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Preface
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all living organisms. In terrestrial eco-
systems, P is often the most limiting nutrient. Due to human alteration of the P
cycle,pollutionwithexcessPisprevalentinmanyaquaticecosystemsandcanalso
affect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. Because economically mineable P
depositsarefinite,abettermanagementofthePcycleismandatory.Thisrequires
agoodunderstandingoftheprocessesofsoilPdynamics.
SoilPoccurs ininorganicandorganicforms.FormsofPinthemineralphase,
the physicochemical processes of sorption and desorption, and their effects on P
cycling andavailability are well known and predictable. Organic P forms are less
wellcharacterizedandthebiologicalprocesses(e.g.,mineralizationandimmobili-
zation) affect P dynamics to varying and often unknown degrees. In addition, the
interactionsofPdynamicswithcarbonandnitrogenarenotwellunderstood.
ThechemicalcharacterizationoforganicPanditsdynamicsinterrestrialaswell
asaquaticenvironmentshavebeenreviewedinabookquiterecently(Turneretal.
2005).Oneconclusionfromthisbookwasthatinformationonthemechanismsand
ratesoforganicPtransformationsisurgentlyneededinordertobettermanagesoil
organic P. Given the great amount of information included in this “Organic P
Bible”,wehesitatedwhenwewereaskedbytheserieseditorAjitVarmatopublish
a book on P in the Springer Series on Soil Biology. However, we realized that
significantprogresshasbeenmadeinthelast5years,andthatitwasindeedtimely
tocollecttheexistinginformationonthebiologicalprocessesinsoilPcyclingand
present the state of the art. Measuring the rates of any reaction in soil is a step
towardsunderstandingthe“action”,andthereforewedecidedthatourbookshould
focuson‘phosphorusinaction’.
We planned three sections: one on methods, one on processes, and one on
ecosystems and management. We asked the authors to present case studies rather
than a complete review of the topic, wherever appropriate. We also asked the
authorstoconsidertwoaspectsinparticular:(1)thattheroleofbiologicalprocesses
insoilPcyclinghastobeexaminedagainsttheavailabilityofinorganicPresulting
fromphysicochemicalprocessesand(2)thatinteractionsbetweencarbon,nitrogen,
v
vi Preface
and P have to be examined to fully understand similarities and differences of P
cyclingtothecyclingoftheotherelements.Lastly,authorswereaskedtopointout
gapsinmethodsandunderstanding.
We are extremely grateful to all authors for contributing such an impressive
numberofhighqualitychapters.Somechapterswerewrittenbyscientistswhohave
beenworkingtogetherbefore.Inotherchapters,authorspublishedtogetherforthe
firsttimeandfoundtheexchangeofideasduringthepreparationstimulating.Some
chapters present the state-of-the-art of topics that have been reviewed previously.
Other topics have never been summarized before and the authors thus compiled
trulyoriginalchapters.
As a teaser for the book, we would like to point out some of its highlights
(Table1).Toourminds,thistableisanattempttoassesstheprogressthathasbeen
made in the field, but of course you will find much more in-depth and significant
informationwithineachchapter.Attheendofthebook,wehavetriedtodrawsome
generalconclusionsandtosummarizethemainresearchneeds.
Table1 Editors’choiceofhighlightsineachchapter
Chapter Authors Highlight
1 Dooletteand Usefulsummaryoftherelativemeritsofsolutionandsolidstate
Smernik 31Pnuclearmagneticresonance(NMR),andX-rayabsorption
nearedgestructure(XANES)intermsofsamplepreparation,
sensitivity,resolutionandquantification
2 Bu¨nemannetal. NoveldataonPformsinmicrobialcellsextractedfromsoil,i.e.
cellsthatgrewinsitu,includingnon-culturablesoil
microorganisms
3 Frossardetal. Firstcombinedreviewofradioactiveandstableisotopesinthe
studyofPcycling,alsosummarizingrecentprogressinthe
measurementofgrossandnetorganicPmineralizationrates
4 Wasakiand Informativetablelistingthemoleculartoolstostudysoil
Maruyama Pcyclingandapplicationsinthepioneeringstudiesdone
inthepast10years
5 Schnepfetal. Threemodelingcasestudiesasexcellentexamplesofhowthe
mostimportantprocessesofPcyclinginsoil-plantsystems
canbeidentifiedandquantifiedondifferenttemporaland
spatialscales
6 Jansaetal. Stimulatinginformationontheaccessibilityofdifferentsoil
Pformsbyarbuscularmycorrhizalandectomycorrhizalfungi
7 JonesandOburger ThoroughsummaryofmechanismsofPsolubilizationbysoil
microorganisms
8 Chapuis-Lardyetal. Interestingpresentationoftheroleofearthworms’surfacecasts
andtermitemounds,respectively,inPtransferanderosion
9 Nannipierietal. Criticalexaminationofthelimitationsofconventionalenzyme
assays
10 Georgeetal. Eye-openingsectionontheco-ordinationofplantresponsesto
variationsinPsupply
11 Jouanyetal. Noteworthyfigureillustratingthatagrasslandswardismore
efficientinconvertingnitrogenintobiomassundernon-
limitingthanunderlimitingPsupply
12 Weintraub ComprehensivesectiononPlimitationinarcticandalpinesoils,
includingresultsfromfertilizationstudies
(continued)
Preface vii
Table1 (continued)
Chapter Authors Highlight
13 Foxetal. ConcisesummaryofPcyclingandmanagementintemperate
forestplantations
14 Reedetal. OriginalsectionontheimplicationsofPlimitationontropical
forestsunderclimateandlandusechange
15 Belnap Novelcasestudyontheinteractionbetweenexoticannual
grassesandsoilPavailabilitythatexemplifieseffectsof
invasiveplantsonPavailability
16 DaoandSchwartz DetaileddescriptionofPtransformationsinsemi-solidandliquid
manures
17 Obersonetal. ComprehensivetablecomparingthePstatusandvarious
measurementsofbiologicalPcyclinginafieldexperiment
underorganicorconventionalmanagement
18 Tiessenetal. Eye-openingdescriptionofhowglobalchangeaffectsPcycling
andviceversa,whichinessenceisapleaformuchmore
efficientPuseeverywhereintheworld
Finally, we would like to acknowledge everyone who has contributed to this
book. All 63 authors deserve a very warm thank you for their willingness to
contribute, the many hours of work that went into each chapter, and for the
excellent communication with us. We had been warned that we would have to
writemanyreminders,butinfactitwasaverypositiveexperienceforustowork
withthese18leadingauthors.
Eachchapterwasreviewedbyoneortwoexternalreviewers.Allofthemreadily
accepted the task and their efforts helped to improve the quality of the book in a
verysignificantway.Thus,wewouldliketothankallofthemfortheirdedication:
MarkBakker,INRABordeaux
DavidE.Bignell,QueenMary,UniversityofLondon
RuthE.Blake,YaleUniversity
BarbaraJ.Cade-Menun,AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanada
CoryCleveland,UniversityofMontana
PeterCornish,UniversityofWesternSydney
TimCrews,PrescottCollege,Arizona
WarwickJ.Dougherty,PrimaryIndustries,IndustryandInvestmentNSW
ReinerGiesler,Umea˚ University
GuyKirk,CranfieldUniversity
EllenKandeler,HohenheimUniversity
PetraMarschner,UniversityofAdelaide
RoelMerckx,KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven
MikeMcLaughlin,CSIROLandandWater,Adelaide
ClaudePlassard,INRAMontpellier
AlanRichardson,CSIROPlantIndustry,Canberra
Peter Schweiger, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences,
Vienna
RobertSinsabaugh,UniversityofNewMexico
HarryOldeVenterink,ETHZurich
PeterVitousek,StanfordUniversity
viii Preface
Jutta Lindenborn and the entire staff at Springer (including Mr. Balamurugan
Elumalai and his team at SPi Technologies India Private Ltd.) were extremely
helpful during the publishing process. Cornelia Bu¨hlmann and Kathrin von Arx
thoroughlycheckedtheformalaspectsandreferencelistsofeachchapter.Lastbut
notleast,wethankAjitVarmaforinitiatingthisbook.
Lindau,Switzerland ElseK.Bu¨nemann
AstridOberson
EmmanuelFrossard
Reference
Turner BL, Frossard E, Baldwin DS (2005) Organic phosphorus in the environment. CABI,
Wallingford
Contents
PartI Methods
1 SoilOrganicPhosphorusSpeciationUsingSpectroscopic
Techniques .................................................................. 3
AshleaL.DooletteandRonaldJ.Smernik
2 CharacterizationofPhosphorusFormsinSoilMicroorganisms ...... 37
ElseK.Bu¨nemann,BartlomiejPrusisz,andKnutEhlers
3 TheUseofTracerstoInvestigatePhosphateCycling
inSoil–PlantSystems ..................................................... 59
EmmanuelFrossard,DavidL.Achat,StefanoM.Bernasconi,
ElseK.Bu¨nemann,Jean-ClaudeFardeau,JanJansa,ChristianMorel,
LiliaRabeharisoa,LalajaonaRandriamanantsoa,SokratSinaj,Federica
Tamburini,andAstridOberson
4 MolecularApproachestotheStudyofBiologicalPhosphorus
Cycling ..................................................................... 93
JunWasakiandHayatoMaruyama
5 ModellingPhosphorusDynamicsintheSoil–PlantSystem ........... 113
AndreaSchnepf,DanielLeitner,SabineKlepsch,SylvainPellerin,
andAlainMollier
PartII Processes
6 RoleofMycorrhizalSymbiosesinPhosphorusCycling .............. 137
JanJansa,RogerFinlay,Ha˚kanWallander,F.AndrewSmith,
andSallyE.Smith
7 SolubilizationofPhosphorusbySoilMicroorganisms ................ 169
DavidL.JonesandEvaOburger
ix
x Contents
8 RoleofSoilMacrofaunainPhosphorusCycling ..................... 199
LydieChapuis-Lardy,Rene´e-ClaireLeBayon,MichelBrossard,
DaniloLo´pez-Herna´ndez,andEricBlanchart
9 RoleofPhosphataseEnzymesinSoil ................................. 215
P.Nannipieri,L.Giagnoni,L.Landi,andG.Renella
10 PhosphorusNutrition:RhizosphereProcesses,PlantResponse
andAdaptations ......................................................... 245
TimS.George,Ann-MariFransson,JohnP.Hammond,
andPhilipJ.White
PartIII EcosystemsandManagement
11 BiologicalPhosphorusCyclinginGrasslands:Interactions
withNitrogen ............................................................ 275
ClaireJouany,PabloCruz,TanguyDaufresne,andMichelDuru
12 BiologicalPhosphorusCyclinginArcticandAlpineSoils .......... 295
MichaelN.Weintraub
13 PhosphorusNutritionofForestPlantations:TheRole
ofInorganicandOrganicPhosphorus ................................ 317
ThomasR.Fox,BradleyW.Miller,RafaelRubilar,JoseL.Stape,
andTimothyJ.Albaugh
14 PhosphorusCyclinginTropicalForestsGrowingonHighly
WeatheredSoils ......................................................... 339
SashaC.Reed,AlanR.Townsend,PhilipG.Taylor,
andCoryC.Cleveland
15 BiologicalPhosphorusCyclinginDrylandRegions .................. 371
JayneBelnap
16 EffectsofManureManagementonPhosphorus
BiotransformationsandLossesDuringAnimalProduction ......... 407
ThanhH.DaoandRobertC.Schwartz
17 ManagementImpactsonBiologicalPhosphorusCycling
inCroppedSoils ........................................................ 431
AstridOberson,PieterPypers,ElseK.Bu¨nemann,
andEmmanuelFrossard
18 PhosphorusandGlobalChange ....................................... 459
HolmTiessen,MariaVictoriaBallester,andIgnacioSalcedo
Appendix–GeneralConclusions ........................................... 473
Index .......................................................................... 477