Table Of ContentPhosphatidylcholine
Biochemical and Clinical Aspects
of Essential Phosphol ip ids
Editor: H. Peeters
Contributors
G. Assmann . V. Blaton . R. Blendin . D. E. Bowyer
P. F. Davies' AJ. Day· B. Declercq· E. Decoopman
C. Desreumaux . P. Dewailly . H. Ditschuneit
H. H. Ditschuneit . A M. Ehrly . J. M. Fox' J. C. Fruchart
G. Fuchs . D. Hegner' J. Halzl . A K. Horsch
A N. Howard' K. Hudson' H. Kaffarnik . J. Klemm
H.-U. Klar . D. Lekim . P. Mares 'J. Patelski . H. Peeters
L. Samochowiec . J. Schneider' J. Skofepa
F. Soetewey . K. Szyszka . H. Todorovicova
E. Tvrzicka . D. Vandamme
With 81 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1976
Dr. Huben Peelers
Simon·Slevin·lnstituut voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek.
8-8000 Brugge. Belgium
Proceedings of aS ymposium held at the Simon Stevin Institute
15-18 Nov. 1975 in Brugge/Belgium
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66426-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-66424-3
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-66424-3
This work is WbjKttO copy.ight_ All ''IIht5 a •••& served. whet he. the whole of pan of
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© by Springer·Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1976
The use of .egistered names. t'ademarks. etc. In this publicatioo does nOl imply.
Iven in Ihe absenel of II specific stalement. Ihal 'llch names a'l l.empI hom lh8 'elevanl
ptotectiv81aws and regllla!ions and Iheralora hH lor general lise.
Preface
A symposium was centered around the unsaturated phosphatidyl
choline molecule and organized in order to assemble and coordi
nate theoretical views with facts and results. The presence of
a high percentage of essential fatty acids in unsaturated phos
phatidylcholine gave rise to the essential phospholipid concept.
An overview of the biological significance of phospholipids
and a review of a specific phosphatidylcholine-related enzyme,
namely LCAT or lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase, open
these proceedings. The simultaneous use of the synonyms - leci
thin and phosphatidylcholine - was solved throughout the pub
lished material by a preferential use of the more precise che
mical terminology of phosphatidylcholine.
A set of papers centered around the pharmacology of polyunsa
turated phosphatidylcholine (PU-PC) or essential phospholipids
(EPL) is followed by reports on its therapeutic effects. Further
papers deal with the metabolism of the arterial wall and the
presence of phospholipid related enzyme systems. Some hemody
namic related effects are dealt with in the last section.
These proceedings could be edited within a few months thanks
to the active cooperation of the authors. The editors are
grateful to acknowledge this rather unusual performance which
tends to prove the interest of all participants in this sym
posium. It seems logical to presume that the topic itself is
an important one and that the meeting was timely organized.
At this point we wish to express our gratitude to the Nattermann
Company, Cologne, for their generous support and to their collab
orators for the excellent organization of this meeting, inclu
ding the final preparation of the manuscript.
The Town Corporation of Brugge, the Board of Directors and
the staff of the Simon Stevin Institute have also contributed
to the success of a stimulating scientific symposium on essen
tial phospholipids.
These proceedings are intended as a summary of the information
available today and still more as a starting point for future
work in the field of phospholipids and their application as a
therapeutic agent.
Brugge, March 1976 H. PEETERS
Contents
GLOSSARY
A Glossary of Essential Phospholipids, Lipids, and
Lipoproteins
by J.M. FOX. With 3 Figures •••••••••••••••••••••••••
INTRODUCTORY REVIEWS
The Biological Significance of the Plasma Phospholipids
by H. PEETERS. With 13 Figures ••••••••••••••••••••• 10
Lecithin-Cholesterol-Acyl-Transferase.
-Lipoprotein and Phospholipid Substrate Specificity-
by G. ASSMANN ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34
PHARMACOKINETICS OF ESSENTIAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS
On the Pharmacokinetics of Orally Applied Essential
Phospholipids (EPL)
by D. LEKIM. With 5 Figures ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 48
Pharmacokinetic Studies on Phosphatidylcholine and
Phosphatidylinositol
by J. HOLZL. With 7 Figures •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66
Plasma Removal of Intravenous Essential Phospholipids
in Han
by P. DEWAILLY, E. DECOOPMAN,
C. DESREUMAUX and J.C. FRUCHART. With 1 Figure •••••••• 80
Effect of Essential Phospholipids on the ATPases and
on the Fluidity of Liver Plasma Membranes
by D. HEGNER. With 4 Figures ••••••••••••••••••••••• 87
ESSENTIAL PHOSPHOLIPID THERAPY IN DYSLIPEMIC STATES
Effects of Essential Phospholipids on the Carbohydrate
Induced Hypertriglyceridemia
by H. DITSCHUNEIT, H.-U. KLOR and H.H. DITSCHUNEIT ••••• 98
Influence of EPL on Lipolysis in Vitro and in Vivo
by K. SZYSZKA. With 7 Figures •••••••••••••••••••••••• 115
VIII
The Human Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins Under Influence
of EPL-Therapy
by V. BLATON, B. DEQLERCQ, D. VANDAMME,
F. SOETEWEY and H. PEETERS. With 2 Figures •••••••• 125
New Analytical Approach to the Study of Hyperlipidemia
by J. SKOREPA, P. MARES, H. TODOROVICOVA
and E. TVRZICKA. With 1 Figure •••••••••••••••••••• 133
PHOSPHOLIPID METABOLISM IN THE ARTERIAL WALL
Influence of Essential Phospholipids on Serum Lipids
and Lipid Metabolism in the Aortic Wall.
-Experiments in ;~ormal and Atherosclerotic Rabbi ts-
by A.K. HORSCH, K. HUDSON and A.J. DAY.
Wi th 11 Figures ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 140
Effect of EPL on the Metabolism of Lipids in the
Arterial Wall
by D.E. BOWYER and P.F. DAVIES. With 5 Figures 160
Effect of EPL on the Lipid Metabolism of the Arterial
Wall and Other Tissues
by A.N. HOWARD an J. PATELSKI. With 6 Figures •••••••• 187
Arterial Metabolism of Cholesteryl Esters -Mechanism
of Action of Polyunsaturated Phosphatidylcholine-
by J. PATELSKI. With 5 Figures •••••••••••.••••••••• 201
On the Action of Essential Phospholipids in Experimental
Atherosclerosis
by L. SAMOCHOWIEC. With 4 Figures 211
ESSENTIAL PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN RED CELLS AND THROMBOCYTES
Influence of Essential Phospholipids on the Flow
Properties of the Blood
by A.M. EHRLY and R. BLEND IN •••••••••••••••••••••••• 228
The Treatment of Arterial and Venous Circulatory
Disturbances with EPL
by J. KLEMM. With 5 Figures •••••••••••••••••••••••• 237
Influence of Essential Phospholipids on Human Platelet
Aggregability
by J. SCHNEIDER, G. FUCHS and
H. KAFFARNIK. With 2 Figures 244
subject Index ••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 249
List of Contributors
ASSMANN, G., Abteilung fur Klinische Chemie und Zentrallabora
torium der Universitatsklinik, D-5000 Kaln 41, Germany
BLATON, V., Simon-Stevin-Instituut voor Wetenschappelijk Onder
zoek, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium
BLENDIN, R., Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universitat,
Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Abteilung fur Angiologie,
D-6000 Frankfurt a.M. 70, Germany
BOWYER, D.E., Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, England
DAVIES, P.F., Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, England
DAY, A.J., Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
DECLERCQ, B., Simon-Stevin-Instituut voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium
DECOOPMAN, E., Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Lipides,
Institut Pasteur, F-59012 Lille Cedex, France
DESREUMAUX, C., Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Lipides,
Institut Pasteur, F-59012 Lille Cedex, France
DEWAILLY, P., Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Lipides,
Institut Pasteur, F-59012 Lille Cedex, France
DITSCHUNEIT, H., Med. Universitatsklinik, D-7900 Ulm, Germany
DITSCHUNEIT, H.H., Med. Universitatsklinik, D-7900 Ulm, Germany
EHRLY, A.M., Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universitat,
Zentrum der Inneren Medizin, Abteilung fur Angiologie,
D-6000 Frankfurt a.M. 70, Germany
FOX, J.M., Medizinische Fakultat der Universitat des Saarlandes,
D-6650 Homburg and A.Nattermann & Cie. GmbH, D-5000 Kaln 30,
Germany
FRUCHART, J.C., Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Lipides,
Institut Pasteur, F-59012 Lille Cedex, France
FUCHS, G., Medizinische Poliklinik der Universitat, D-3550 Mar
burg, Germany
x
HEGNER, D., Institut flir Pharmakologie der Universitat,
D-8000 Mlinchen 22, Germany
H5LZL, J., Institut flir Pharmazeutische Arzneimittellehre der
Universitat, D-8000 Mlinchen 2, Germany
HORSCH, A.K., Medizinische Universitatsklinik, D-6900 Heidel
berg, Germany
HOWARD, A.N., Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, England
HUDSON, K., Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne,
Victoria, Australia
KAFFARNIK, H., Medizinische Poliklinik der Universitat,
D-3550 Marburg, Germany
KLEMM, J., Rontgen-Abteilung der II.Medizinischen Universitats
klinik, D-8000 Mlinchen, Germany
KL5R, H.-U., Med. Universitatsklinik, D-7900 Ulm, Germany
LEKIM, D., A.Nattermann & Cie. GmbH., Chemische Forschung und
Entwicklung, D-5000 Koln 30, Germany
MARE~S , P., 4th Chair of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Charles University, Prague, CSSR
PATELSKI, J., Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Bio
chemistry, Medical Academy, Poznan, Poland
PEETERS, H., Simon-Stevin-Instituut voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium
SAMOCHOWIEC, L., Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical
Szczecin, Poland
Acad~my,
SCHNEIDER, J., Medizinische Poliklinik der Universitat,
D-3550 Marburg, Germany
SKOREPA, J., 4th Chair of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine,
Charles University, Prague, CSSR
SOETEWEY, F., Simon-Stevin-Instituut voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium
SZYSZKA, K., Department of Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical
Academy, Szczecin, Poland
TODOROVICOVA, H., 4th Chair of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Charles University, Pra~ue, CSSR
TVRZICKA, E., 4th Chair of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Charles University, Prague, CSSR
VANDAMME, D., Simon-Stevin-Instituut voor Wetenschappelijk
Onderzoek, B-8000 Brugge, Belgium
Glossary
Fig. 1: Stuart model of 1.2·dilinoleoyl phosphatidylcholine viewed over the three methyl groups of the
choline moiety folded to the front. while the two linoleoyl residues point to the background
