Table Of ContentPHILOSOPHYAND LOGIC
IN SEARCH OFTHE POLISHTRADITION
SYNTHESE LIBRARY
STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY,
LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Editor-in-Chief'
VINCENT F.HENDRICKS, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
JOHN SYMONS, University ofTexas at Ei Paso, U.SA
Honorary Editor:
JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.SA
Editors:
DIRKVANDALEN, University 0/Utrecht,TheNetherlands
THEOAF. KUIPERS, University 0/Groningen, TheNetherlands
TEDDY SEIDENFELD, CamegieMellon University,Pittsburgh,PA, U.SA
PATRICKSUPPES, Stanford University, Califomia, U.S.A.
JAN WOLENSKI,Jagiellonian University,Krak6w,Poland
VOLUME323
PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC
IN SEARCH OF THE POLISH
TRADITION
Essays in Honour of Jan Wolenski
on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday
edited by
JAAKKO HINTIKKA
Boston University,
Boston, U.SA
TADEUSZ CZARNECKI
Jagiellonian University,
Cracow,Poland
KATARZYNA KIJANIA-PLACEK
Jagiellonian University,
Cracow,Poland
TOMASZ PLACEK
Jagiellonian University,
Cracow,Poland
and
ARTUR ROJSZCZAKt
Jagiellonian University,
Cracow,Poland
Springer-Seience-Business Media, B.Y.
AC.I.P.Cataloguerecord forthis bookisavailable from the Library ofCongress.
ISBN978-90-481-6471-4 ISBN978-94-017-0249-2(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-94-017-0249-2
Printed onacid-free paper
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©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2003
OriginallypublishedbyKluwerAcademicPublishersin2003.
Softcoverreprintofthehardcover1stedition2003
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Contents
Preface vii
PartI Truth
AMinimalistCritiqueofTarskionTruth 3
PaulHorwich
IsStrongCorrespondence(TheoryofTruth)Possible? 13
PavelMatema
ContentandLikenessDefinitionsofTruthlikeness 27
IlkkaNiiniluoto
AbsoluteTruthinaChanging World 37
PeterSimons
PartII LogicandSemantics
OntheEpistemologyofGame-theoreticalSemantics 57
Jaakko Hintikka
CanMajoritybeSupervalued? 67
Katarzyna Kijania-Placek
OnBelnap'sBranchingSpace-Times 77
TomaszPlacek
PartiallyInterpretedHenkinQuantifiers 93
Gabriel Sandu
TarskiandLesniewskionLanguageswithMeaning
versusLanguageswithoutUse 109
GöranSundholm
Partm HistoryofLogicandPhilosophy
AjdukiewiczonLanguageChangeandTruth 131
TadeuszCzamecki
vi PHILOSOPHYANDLOGIC. INSEARCHOFTHEPOLISHTRADITION
AlfredTarskiandaWatershedMeetinginLogic:Comell, 1957 151
SolomonFeferman
OnThinkingabouttheMentalandthePhysical 163
HerbenHochberg
BemardBolzano's'Wissenschafts/ehre' andPolishAnalyticalPhilosophy
between1894and1935 179
WolfgangKünne
Dispositions,TheirBasesandCorrelates-Meinong'sAnalysis 193
KevinMulligan
ReactionstotheDiscoveryoftheIncompletenessPhenomenon 213
RomanMurawski
Truthmakers,TruthbearersandtheObjectivityofTruth 229
ArturRojszczakt,BarrySmith
TheExtensionoftheConceptAbolished?ReflexionsonaFregeanDilemma 269
ChristianThiel
SelectedBibliographyofJanWoleriski'sWorks 275
IndexofNames 287
Preface
Onthe occasion of bis sixtieth birthday, we dedicate this volume to Jan Wo
leriski-s-ourteacher,ourcolleague, ourfriend.
Both of us are particularly indebted to Jan not only with regards to profes
sional matters,but some privateones aswell. Hence, wehope that heforgives
us an occasional lapse into fondness and affection. That said, may the list of
bis personalmerits remain shrouded in mystery; rather than unveil them, we
open here by appraising Jan's presence from abroaderperspective.
Tonote thatJanwasnot alwaysapartofourliveswould notevokesurprise.
However,to imagine the Institute ofPbilosophy on GrodzkaStreet orKrakow
pbilosophy without him initwould beaharder task-atleast forus, Nonethe
less, wedo rememberthe days when he wascommuting to Krakow as aguest
lecturer.
Is there anything about those days which particularly comes to mind? To
shedlight on the story which follows, one must begin by stating that the early
1980s when we were studying philosophy was not a bright period. The great
mastersofKrakowphilosophy-Ingarden,Mehlberg, Zawirski,orDambska->
were either dead or, for political reasons, kept silent. The years following
Martial Law (1981-1983) were intellectually very blighted and barren. In the
midst of allthis we were attending Jan's course on general methodology. One
day we were shocked to hear him list Polish philosophers whose names were
completely unfamiliarandunknown to anyof us-Lukasiewicz,Ajdukiewicz,
Tarski,Twardowski,Zawirski, Lesniewski, Kotarbiriski,Czezowski,andmore.
Inafewdays wewould be taking anexam on Polish philosophy with adiffer
entprofessor; inpreparation wehadbeen disentangling (tolittleavail)thedoc
trines ofthe Polish post-Hegelians and messianists-those ofHoene-Wroiski,
Cieszkowski, Trentowski, Libelt, Goluchowski, et al. Facing the new ones
given by Jan, it seemed our prospects for passing the final would be bleak.
In despair, someone cried out, "Must there always be so many messianists
inthis country?" YetJan dispelled our apprehensions by explaining that these
newphilosophersbelongedtoneitherofthetwocategories which weassumed.
Suddenly itdawned onusthat,for someodd reason,wenot onlydid notknow
viii PHILOSOPHYANDLOGIC. INSEARCHOFTHEPOL/SHTRADITION
but would not even be required to know about the pbilosophy of the Lvov
Warsaw School. This fact alone-the fact that there were other traditions in
Polish philosophy besides messianism and phenomenology-was adiscovery
in and ofitself. Howodd and amazing that, ifnot forJan Woleiski, wewould
likely havenever heard about theLvov-WarsawSchool, nor read the works of
its members. Without his teaching of the pbilosophy of language, we would
hardly havetouched upon Frege, Russell, or Kripke. Moreover, epistemology,
as he teaches it, is expressed in everyday,contemporary language. Before he
joined us here, much of Krakow's epistemology was devoted to analysis of
Kant's Critiques.
To put all this in some personal and temporal perspective, let us mention
some facts from Jan's biography. Although born in Radom on 21 September
1940, he lived in Krakow for most of bis life. It was here that, in 1958, he
enrolled in law studies atthe Jagiellonian University. Twoyears later he be
gan pbilosophy as weIl. In 1963 he was appointed an assistant professor in
theDepartmentofState andLaw,and fiveyears later hedefended hisdoctoral
dissertation, Linguistic philosophy and contemporary analytic jurisprudence
inthe UnitedKingdom, under the supervision ofProfessor Kazimierz Opalek.
By 1972he hadbeen granted bishabilitation onthebasis ofhis work,Logical
ProblemsinInterpretations ofLaw. Asof 1974hewasworking intheInstitute
of Social Seiences atthe Academy of Mining and Metallurgy while lecturing
on the philosophy of science atthe Institute of Pbilosophy at the Jagiellonian
University. It wasin 1979thatJan moved from Krakowto Wrodaw wherehe
commencedteaching inthe Institute ofSocial Seiences ofWrodaw Polytech
nical University.
Yet after Martial Law was declared in December 1981, Jan became ac
tively engaged in the anti-communist underground opposition, editing the un
derground bulletin Riposta. Quite likely this was the reason for his radically
abbreviated term (only four months) in officeasthedirector of theInstitute of
Social Sciences. Infact,in 1982hewasissued atemporary ban onlecturing at
the Wrodawinstitution. In 1988,thanks to the support and intervention of bis
Krakow colleagues and friends, Jan Woleiski gained apermanent position in
theInstitute ofPhilosophy attheJagiellonian University. Itwasin 1990thathe
wasawarded thetitle ofprofessorordinarius andfouryears later hewasmade
thechairof the newlycreated DepartmentofEpistemology.
Turning now to the fruits of his research and studies, since the 1980s Jan
Wolenskihas taken anactivepartininternational philosophy through bis pub
lications, bis participation in and organization of philosophical conferences,
bis work on the editorial boards of several learned journals and on the com
mittees of scholarly organizations. He is one of the fiveeditors of Kluwer's
Synthese Library andhas been onthe editorial board ofStudia Logica (1987
1993), Synthese (since 1990), The Monist (since 1993), Studies in Eastem
PREFACE ix
European Thought (since 1993), and Axiomathes (since 1992). He has been
Presidentofthe Polish Society ofLogicand the Philosophy of Science (1999
2002), and is a member of many other academic societies, inc1uding the Pol
ish Philosophical Society, Polish Mathematical Society, AmericanMathemat
ical Society, Aristotelian Society, and the Institut Wiener Kreis. Among the
conferences which he has organized or coorganized have been The Legacy 0/
Brentano (Krakow, 1994); The Lvov-Warsaw School and Contemporary Phi
losophy (Lvov and Warsaw, 1994); and Alfred Tarski and the Vienna Circle
(Vienna, 1997). Jan Woleiski has achieved success as a teacher and advisor,
encompassing supervision of fourteen doctoral dissertations. It is interesting
to note that among his graduates are professors of philosophy as well as of
law.
It was Jan Woleriski's initiative-presented at the 10th International Con
gress ofLogic, Methodology, and the Philosophy ofScience-to organizethe
subsequentmeetingin Krakow. These symposiaare importantevents for logi
cians, philosophers ofscience, and analytical philosophers; AlfredTarski was
oneofthefounding fathers ofthe firstsuch conference. The 1999Krakow con
gress that Jan Woll:nski and his coworkers coordinated has been acc1aimed
agreat successand significantpromotionofPolish philosophy-so veryneeded
adecade after the fall ofcommunism.
AlistofJan's publications would demonstrate variety and abundance. Hun
dreds of research papers, dozens of edited volumes, several translations, re
views,polemics,discussions,essaysandeditorials, and aphorisms. One theme
which will perhaps always be associated with his name is that of the history
oftheLvov-Warsaw SchooI. Jan Woleiski deserves specialcreditfor popular
izing that School in Poland and for presenting its achievements abroad. This
latter task has been accomplished through aseries of translations (his own or
supervisedby hirn), and through conferences devoted to the subject.
Itisnotuptoustoassess which parts ofJan's legacy are more orless signif
icant. In any case, he hirnselfhas recently performed such an evaluation in the
form of two volumes of selected articles,' Therefore, we will instead attempt
todelineate some strands running through and the consistent methodology ap
plied in his works.
From the very outset, Jan Woleiski's research has taken on the form of
semantic and logical analysis of language. However, since his initial educa
tion was as a lawyer and subsequently as a philosopher, in the first stage of
his career (1968-1982) he analyzed the language of law and the logical is
sues to which it gives rise. This line of study resulted in three books: Log
icalProblems in Interpretations 0/Law (in Polish); Issues in the Analytical
Philosophy 0/Law (in Polish),' and Introduction to the Science 0/Law (with
M. Borucka-Arctowa, in Polish).4 In those years he also wrote a number of
papers on the philosophy oflaw-manyofthem co-authoredby ProfessorKa-
