Table Of ContentPHENOMENOLOGY AND THE NON-HUMAN ANIMAL
CONTRIBUTIONS TO PHENOMENOLOGY
IN COOPERATION WITH
THE CENTER FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH IN PHENOMENOLOGY
Volume 56
Editor:
JohnJ.Drummond,FordhamUniversity
EditorialBoard:
ElizabethA.Behnke,Ferndale,WA,USA
DavidCarr,EmoryUniversity
StephanGaltCrowell,RiceUniversity
LesterEmbree,FloridaAtlanticUniversity
BurtHopkins,SeattleUniversity
JoséHuertas-Jourda,WilfridLaurierUniversity
WilliamR.McKenna,MiamiUniversity
AlgisMickunas,OhioUniversity
J.N.Mohanty,TempleUniversity
TomNenon,TheUniversityofMemphis
ThomasM.Seebohm,JohannesGutenberg-Universität,Mainz
GailSoffer,Rome,Italy
RichardM.Zaner,VanderbiltUniversity
Scope
Thepurposeofthisseriesistofosterthedevelopmentofphenomenologicalphilosophythrough
creativeresearch.Contemporaryissuesinphilosophyotherdisciplinesandinculturegenerally,offer
opportunitiesfortheapplicationofphenomenologicalmethodsthatcallforcreativeresponses.
Althoughtheworkofseveralgenerationsofthinkershasprovidedphenomenologywithmanyresults
withwhichtoapproachthesechallenges,atrulysuccessfulresponsetothemwillrequirebuildingon
thisworkwithnewanalysesandmethodologicalinnovations.
PHENOMENOLOGY AND THE
NON-HUMAN ANIMAL
At the Limits of Experience
edited by
CORINNE PAINTER
Washtenaw Community College, Ann Arbor, Michigan
and
CHRISTIAN LOTZ
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
AC.I.P.CataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.
ISBN978-1-4020-6306-0(HB)
ISBN978-1-4020-6307-7(e-book)
PublishedbySpringer,
P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands.
www.springer.com
Printedonacid-freepaper
AllRightsReserved
©2007Springer
Nopartofthisworkmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted
inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,microfilming,
recordingorotherwise,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher,withthe
exceptionofanymaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand
executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.
for Socrates, the feline member of our family
Contents
Acknowledgments ix
1. Introduction: Phenomenology and the Question
of the Non-Human Animal 1
Corinne PAINTER and Christian LOTZ
SECTION I: PHENOMENOLOGY, ONTOLOGY,
AND ANTHROPOLOGY
2. Attunement, Deprivation, and Drive: Heidegger and Animality 13
Gerard KUPERUS
3. Being Beyond: Aristotle’s and Plessner’s Accounts
of Animal Responsiveness 29
Marjolein OELE
4. How Not to be a Jellyfish: Human Exceptionalism
and the Ontology of Reflection 39
Ted TOADVINE
SECTION II: PHENOMENOLOGY, PSYCHOLOGY,
AND LANGUAGE
5. How do Primates Think? Phenomenological Analyses of
Non-language Systems of Representation in Higher Primates
and Humans 57
Dieter LOHMAR
6. Phenomenology and the Study of Animal Behavior 75
Erika RUONAKOSKI
SECTION III: PHENOMENOLOGY AND ETHICS
7. The Intentionality and Animal Heritage of Moral Experience:
What We can Learn from Dogs About Moral Theory 85
Charles S. BROWN
8. Appropriating the Philosophies of Edmund Husserl
and Edith Stein: Animal Psyche, Empathy,
and Moral Subjectivity 97
Corinne M. PAINTER
vii
viii CONTENTS
SECTION IV: AT THE MARGINS OF PHENOMENOLOGY
9. The Human as Just an Other Animal: Madness, Disability,
and Foucault’s Bestiary 117
Licia CARLSON
10. The Intertwining of Incommensurables: Yann Martel’s
Life of Pi 135
James MENSCH
Notes on Contributors 149
Index 153
Acknowledgments
The editors of this volume would like to thank Emporia State University
(Emporia, Kansas) for supporting this project with a grant, which provided
monetary support for our research. We would also like to thank the contrib-
utors to this volume, for their insightful and provocative essays, which
challenge each and every one of us to rethink our relationship with our non-
humananimalneighbors.Finally,wewouldliketothankouranimalfriends,
who, in their own way, and without knowing it, were the inspiration for this
volume.
ix
1
Introduction
Phenomenology and the Question of the Non-Human
Animal
Corinne PAINTER and Christian LOTZ
As Max Horkheimer wrote sixty years ago,
Moderninsensitivitytonatureisindeedonlyavariationofthepragmatic
attitudethatistypicalofWesternCivilizationasawhole.Onlytheforms
aredifferent.Theearlytrappersawintheprairiesandmountainsonlythe
prospectofgoodhunting;themodernbusinessmanseesinthelandscape
an opportunity for the display of cigarette posters. The fate of animals
in our world is symbolized by an item printed in the newspapers of a
few years ago. It reported that landings of planes in Africa were often
hamperedbyherdsofelephantsandotherbeasts.Animalsareconsidered
simply as obstructers of traffic.1
The Frankfurt School in general and Horkheimer in particular connects
theseobservationstoa“speculativetheoryofreason,”accordingtowhichhe
claimed that ever since the re-installment of modern rationality in the 18th
Century,allentitieshaveceasedtobeacknowledgedfortheirintrinsicvalue.
He claimed, that is, that entities are no longer viewed as worthwhile and
significant in their own right, but instead, simply as objects of dispositional
power that are thus evaluated on the basis of instrumental reason, i.e., on
the basis of their practical value for “some other thing.” In this way, what
started as a project of realizing genuine (philosophical) reason and value
in our world finally turned towards itself, with the dawn of modern ratio-
nality. The (misguided) emancipation of reason from nature, as Horkheimer
argues, turned into the rational and organized oppression of nature, which,
sincehumanbeingsareapartofnature,forcedhumanreasontoturnagainst
itself, and in so doing reveal itself as a most dangerous and destructive
substance. Indeed, in its very attempt to liberate itself from nature, reason
became the destructive force that guides the history of the Western world,
the monstrous effects of which we bear witness to regularly. Not surpris-
ingly, “this principle of domination,” as Horkheimer (and Adorno) put their
bold claim, “has become the idol to which everything is sacrificed.”2 Sadly,
1
C.PainterandC.Lotz(eds.),PhenomenologyandtheNon-HumanAnimal,1–11.
©2007Springer.
