Phase Diagrams in Advanced Ceramics

252 Pages·1995·17.05 MB·English

by  Alper A.M.

PHASE DIAG~~WS IN
ADVANCED CERAMICS
A VOLUME OF THE TREATISE ON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
TREATISE EDITORS
HERBERT HERMAN GERNOT KOSTORZ
Department of Materials Science Institut fiir Angewandte Physik
and Engineering ETH-Honggerberg
State University of New York Ziirich, Switzerland
at Stony Brook
Stony Brook, New York
ADVISORY BOARD
M.E. FINE P.B. HIRSCH, FRS
Department of Materials Science Metallurgy and Metal Science
Northwestern University Department
Evanston, Illinois Oxford University
Oxford, England
A.N. GOLAND J.B. WACHTMAN
DePartment of Physics Department of Ceramic Science/
Brookhaven National Laboratories Engineering
Upton, New York Rutgers-The State University
New Brunswick, New Jersey
PHASE DIAGRAMS IN
ADVANCED CERAMICS
Edited by
ALLEN M. ALPER
0 SRA M S YL VA NIA, In c.
Chemical and Metallurgical Products
Towanda, Pennsylvania
J
ACADEMIC PRESS
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This book is printed on acid-free paper. @
Copyright (cid:14)9 1995 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
All Rights Reserved.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Phase diagrams in advanced ceramics / edited by Allen M. Alper.
p. cm. -- (Treatise on materials science and technology)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-12-341834-8
1. Ceramics. 2. Ceramic materials. 3. Phase diagrams.
I. Alper, Allen., date. II. Series: Treatise on materials
science and technology (unnumbered)
TP810.5.P48 1995
666-dc20 94-28600
CIP
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
94 95 96 97 98 99 QW 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
This book is dedicated to Vincent A. St. Onge who has been
a mentor and coach in my business growth and development
This Page Intentionally Left Blank
Contents
CONTRIBUTORS
PREFACE
Phase Chemistry in the Development of Transparent
Polycrystalline Oxides
W. H. Rhodes
I. Introduction 1
II. Yttria 2
III. Alumina 15
IV. Magnesium Aluminate 23
V. Aluminum Oxynitride Spinel 28
VI. Lead-Lanthanum-Zirconium-Titanate 32
VII. Conclusions 38
References 39
The Use of Phase Diagrams to Predict Alkali
Oxide Corrosion of Ceramics
Jesse J. Brown, Jr.
I. Introduction 43
II. Literature Review 44
III. Predictions of Alkali Corrosion of Alumino-Silicate
Refractories Using Phase Diagrams 74
IV. Comparison of Predicted Na20 Corrosion of Alumino-Silicate
Refractories with Experimental Results 79
V. Conclusions 80
References 81
vii
viii
CONTENTS
Application of Phase Diagrams to the Production
of Advanced Composites
William B. Johnson and Alan S. Nagelberg
I. Introduction 85
II. Review of the Directed Metal Oxidation Process 88
III. Thermochemical Considerations of Matrix Formation 95
IV. Phase Equilibria in Carbide/Boride Systems 112
V. Conclusion 121
References 122
Use of Phase Diagrams in the Study of Silicon
Nitride Ceramics
Tseng-Ying Tien
I. Introduction 127
II. Representation of Silicon Nitride-Metal Oxides Systems 128
III. Si3Na-Metal Oxide Systems 131
IV. Alloy Design 140
V. Conclusion 154
References 155
The Use of Phase Studies in the Development of Whiskers
and Whisker-Reinforced Ceramics
Aleksander J. Pyzik and Alan M. Hart
I. Introduction 157
II. Whiskers and Ceramic Matrix Whisker-Reinforced Composites 160
III. Ceramics Toughened by in Situ Synthesized Whiskers 195
IV. Self-Reinforced Ceramics 199
V. Conclusion 221
References 222
Index 227
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
JEssE J. BRowN, JR. (43), Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
24061
ALAN M. HART (157), Dow Chemical Company, Central Research and
Development, Advanced Ceramics Laboratory, Midland, Michigan
48674
WILLIAM B. JOHNSON (85), Lanxide Corporation, Newark, Delaware 19714
ALAN S. NAGELBERG (85), Lanxide Corporation, Newark, Delaware 19714
ALEKSANDER J. PYZIK (157), Dow Chemical Company, Central Research
and Development, Advanced Ceramics Laboratory, Midland, Michigan
48674
W. H. RHODES (1), OSRAM SYLVANIA, Inc., Danvers, Massachusetts
01923
TSENG-YIN6 TIEN (127), Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109