Pharmacotherapy Casebook

431 Pages·2008·4.3 MB·English

Pharmacotherapy
Casebook
NOTICE
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden
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Pharmacotherapy
Casebook
A Patient-Focused Approach
Seventh Edition
Edited by
Terry L. Schwinghammer, PharmD, FCCP, FASHP, BCPS
Professor and Chair
Department of Clinical Pharmacy
West Virginia University
School of Pharmacy
Morgantown, West Virginia
Julia M. Koehler, PharmD
Associate Professor and Chair
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Butler University
College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
and
Clinical Pharmacist in Family Medicine
Methodist Hospital and the Indiana University-Methodist Family Practice Center
Clarian Health Partners
Indianapolis, Indiana
A companion workbook for: Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 7th ed.
DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey ML, eds. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2008.
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DOI: 10.1036/0071488359
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CONTENTS
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi 11. Ischemic Heart Disease and Acute
Coronary Syndrome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix
Shawn R. Hansen and Matthew J. Thill
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi
12. Acute Coronary Syndrome: ST-Elevation
Myocardial Infarction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Kelly C. Rogers and Robert B. Parker
13. Drug-Induced Arrhythmia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
SECTION 1
Kwadwo Amankwa
Principles of Patient-Focused Therapy
14. Atrial Fibrillation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1. Introduction: How to Use This Casebook. . . . . . . . .1 Bradley G. Phillips
Terry L. Schwinghammer
15. Deep Vein Thrombosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2. Active Learning Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 James D. Coyle and Patrick J. Fahey
Cynthia K. Kirkwood and Gretchen M. Brophy
16. Pulmonary Embolism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3. Case Studies in Patient Communication . . . . . . . . .11 Kristen L. Longstreth
Richard N. Herrier
17. Chronic Anticoagulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4. Care Planning: A Component of the Patient Mikayla Spangler and Beth Bryles Phillips
Care Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
18. Ischemic Stroke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Terry L. Schwinghammer
Alexander J. Ansara and Julia M. Koehler
5. Documentation of Pharmacotherapy
19. Hyperlipidemia: Primary Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Interventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Laurajo Ryan
Bruce R. Canaday, Peggy C. Yarborough, Robert M. Malone,
and Timothy J. Ives 20. Hyperlipidemia: Secondary Prevention . . . . . . . . . 70
Laurajo Ryan
SECTION 2 21. Peripheral Arterial Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Cardiovascular Disorders Tracy L. Bottorff
6. Cardiac Arrest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 22. Hypovolemic Shock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Brian L. Erstad
Tate N. Trujillo and Christopher M. Scott
7. Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
Julia M. Koehler and James E. Tisdale
SECTION 3
8. Hypertensive Urgency/Emergency . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
James J. Nawarskas Respiratory Disorders
9. Heart Failure: Systolic Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 23. Acute Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Jon D. Horton Jennifer A. Donaldson
10. Heart Failure: Diastolic Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . .47 24. Chronic Asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Jon D. Horton Julia M. Koehler and Carrie Maffeo
vi
25. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . . . . . . . . 80 44. Chronic Pancreatitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122
C Joel C. Marrs Joseph J. Kishel
O
N 26. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 45. Viral Hepatitis A Vaccination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
T
E Brian C. Sedam Juliana Chan
N
TS 27. Cystic Fibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 46. Viral Hepatitis B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
Kimberly J. Novak Juliana Chan
47. Viral Hepatitis C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Randolph E. Regal
SECTION 4
Gastrointestinal Disorders
28. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 SECTION 5
Brian A. Hemstreet Renal Disorders
29. Peptic Ulcer Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 48. Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. . . . . . . . . . . .131
John W. Devlin Mary K. Stamatakis
30. NSAID-Induced Ulcer Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 49. Acute Kidney Injury. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133
Craig Williams Scott Bolesta and Reina Bendayan
31. Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis/Upper GI Hemorrhage. . 95 50. Progressive Renal Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
Kristie C. Reeves-Cavaliero and Henry J. Mann Michelle D. Furler and Reina Bendayan
32. Crohn’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 51. End-Stage Kidney Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
Brian A. Hemstreet Edward F. Foote
33. Ulcerative Colitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 52. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic
Nancy S. Yunker and William R. Garnett Hormone Release. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
34. Nausea and Vomiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Jane Gervasio and Maria Tsoras
Kelly K. Nystrom and Pamela A. Foral 53. Electrolyte Abnormalities in Chronic
Kidney Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140
35. Diarrhea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Mary K. Stamatakis
Marie A. Abate and Charles D. Ponte
54. Hypercalcemia of Malignancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
36. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Laura L. Jung and Lisa M. Holle
Nancy S. Yunker and William R. Garnett
55. Hypokalemia and Hypomagnesemia . . . . . . . . . . .145
37. Pediatric Gastroenteritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Denise R. Sokos and W. Greg Leader
William McGhee and Christina M. Lehane
56. Metabolic Acidosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
38. Constipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Brian M. Hodges
Michelle O’Connor and Beth Bryles Phillips
57. Metabolic Alkalosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148
39. Ascites Management in Portal Hypertension
Stephanie D. Vail and Thomas D. Nolin
and Cirrhosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Laurel Rodden Andrews and Jeffery Evans
40. Esophageal Varices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
SECTION 6
Cesar Alaniz
Neurologic Disorders
41. Hepatic Encephalopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Carrie A. Sincak 58. Multiple Sclerosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151
Jacquelyn L. Bainbridge and John R. Corboy
42. Drug-Induced Liver Disease:
Acetaminophen Toxicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 59. Complex Partial Seizures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
Elizabeth J. Scharman James W. McAuley
43. Acute Pancreatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 60. Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures. . . . . . . . . . . . .156
Robert MacLaren Sharon M. Tramonte
vii
61. Status Epilepticus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 79. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Onset . . . . . . . . . . 201
Sharon M. Tramonte Deanne L. Hall and Scott R. Drab C
O
62. Acute Management of the Brain Injury Patient. . .160 80. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Existing Disease. . . . . . 203 N
T
Denise H. Rhoney and Dennis Parker, Jr. Sharon B. S. Gatewood and Jean-Venable “Kelly” R. Goode E
N
63. Parkinson’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 81. Hyperthyroidism: Graves’ Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 TS
Mary Louise Wagner and Margery H. Mark Kristine S. Schonder
64. Acute Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 82. Hypothyroidism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Gina M. Carbonara and Charles D. Ponte Michael D. Katz
65. Chronic Pain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 83. Cushing’s Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Christine K. O’Neil Christopher M. Terpening and John G. Gums
66. Headache Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 84. Addison’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Susan R. Winkler and Sandra L. Kim Cynthia P. Koh-Knox and Bruce C. Carlstedt
85. Hyperprolactinemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Amy Heck Sheehan and Karim Anton Calis
SECTION 7
Psychiatric Disorders
SECTION 9
67. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . . . . . . .173
Darin C. Ramsey and Jasmine D. Gonzalvo Gynecologic Disorders
68. Eating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa. . . . . . . . . . . .175 86. Contraception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Jasmine D. Gonzalvo and Darin C. Ramsey Julia M. Koehler
69. Alzheimer’s Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 87. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Cynthia P. Koh-Knox and Robert W. Bennett Kelly R. Ragucci
70. Alcohol Withdrawal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 88. Managing Menopausal Symptoms . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Kevin M. Tuohy Nicole S. Culhane
71. Nicotine Dependence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
Julie C. Kissack
SECTION 10
72. Schizophrenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
Urologic Disorders
Lawrence J. Cohen
73. Major Depression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 89. Erectile Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Brian L. Crabtree and Victor G. Dostrow Cara Liday
74. Bipolar Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 90. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Lawrence J. Cohen Kevin W. Cleveland and Catherine A. Heyneman
75. Generalized Anxiety Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 91. Urinary Incontinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Sarah T. Melton and Cynthia K. Kirkwood Mary Lee and Roohollah R. Sharifi
76. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Sarah T. Melton and Cynthia K. Kirkwood
SECTION 11
77. Insomnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196
Immunologic Disorders
Mollie Ashe Scott and Amy M. Lugo
92. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Nicole M. Paolini and Holly V. Coe
SECTION 8
93. Allergic Drug Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Endocrinologic Disorders Lynne M. Sylvia
78. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Ketoacidosis . . . . . .199 94. Solid Organ Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Amy S. Nicholas and Holly S. Divine Kristine S. Schonder
viii
SECTION 12 SECTION 16
C
O Bone and Joint Disorders Infectious Diseases
N
T 95. Osteoporosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 109. Using Laboratory Tests in Infectious Diseases . . .271
E
N Emily C. Farthing-Papineau and Julia M. Koehler Steven J. Martin and Eric G. Sahloff
T
S
96. Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 110. Bacterial Meningitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273
Amy L. Whitaker Sherry A. Luedtke
97. Osteoarthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 111. Acute Bronchitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275
Christopher M. Degenkolb Justin J. Sherman and W. Greg Leader
98. Gout and Hyperuricemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 112. Influenza: Prevention and Treatment . . . . . . . . . .277
Margarita V. DiVall
Geoffrey C. Wall
113. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . .279
Trent G. Towne and Sharon M. Erdman
SECTION 13 114. Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281
Rochelle Farb and Nicole S. Culhane
Disorders of the Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat
115. Rhinosinusitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282
99. Glaucoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Michael B. Kays
Tien T. Kiat-Winarko
116. Acute Pharyngitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284
100. Allergic Rhinitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
John L. Lock and Jarrett R. Amsden
W. Greg Leader
117. Cellulitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286
Jarrett R. Amsden
118. Diabetic Foot Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .288
SECTION 14
A. Christie Graham and Renee-Claude Mercier
Dermatologic Disorders
119. Infective Endocarditis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290
101. Cutaneous Reaction to Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Manjunath P. Pai and Keith A. Rodvold
Rebecca M. T. Law
120. Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292
102. Acne Vulgaris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Sharon M. Erdman
Rebecca M. T. Law and Wayne P. Gulliver 121. Clostridium difficile–Associated Disease . . . . . . . . .295
103. Psoriasis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Michael J. Gonyeau
Rebecca M. T. Law and Wayne P. Gulliver 122. Intra-Abdominal Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297
104. Atopic Dermatitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Renee-Claude Mercier and A. Christie Graham
Rebecca M. T. Law and Poh Gin Kwa 123. Lower Urinary Tract Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299
Sharon M. Erdman and Keith A. Rodvold
124. Acute Pyelonephritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301
SECTION 15 Brian A. Potoski
Hematologic Disorders 125. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Other Sexually
Transmitted Diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .304
105. Iron Deficiency Anemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Denise L. Howrie and Pamela J. Murray
William J. Spruill and William E. Wade
126. Syphilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307
106. Vitamin B Deficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
12 Marc H. Scheetz
Elaine M. Ladd, Joseph R. Ineck, and Barbara J. Mason
127. Genital Herpes, Gonococcal, and
107. Folic Acid Deficiency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Chlamydial Infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309
Joseph R. Ineck, Elaine M. Ladd, and Barbara J. Mason Suellyn J. Sorensen
108. Sickle Cell Anemia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 128. Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
Christine M. Walko Edward P. Armstrong and Allan D. Friedman