Pharmacology Illustrated Notes

148 Pages·2015·68.15 MB·English

by  Artemisa Gogollari M.D. Marvin Bundo M.D

Pharmacology
Illustrated Notes
Artemisa Gogollari M.D.
Marvin Bundo M.D.

Nitric oxid (powerful
vasodilator agent) is released
Less dilatator
effect on
arterial
peripheral
Very powerful
system and
dilatator effect on
coronaries
veins: They relax
veins, decreasing
preload and
myocardial oxygen
consumption
vascular afterload is
capacitance is decreased
afterload is
increased
\ decreased
opening of
coronary
collateral
circulation
increase of
/ blood
Blood is circulation from
epicardium to
distributed to
subcardium
ischemic areas
urogenital gastrointestinal biliary system
system tract
Relaxation of :
Bronchi
moderate
decrease of
platelet
aggregation

Cardiac Ca2+ channel
blockers (Varapamil,
Diltiazem) must be not
used with Beta-blockers.
Effect on
myocardium
A combination
Dihydropyridine
+
Effect on on
Beta-Blockers is
smooth
possible.
muscle in the
peripheral
vasculature
In smooth muscle cells
of the systemic arterial
beds :
They block L-type calcium
channels (The L-type
calcium channel is a type
of voltage-dependent vasodilation
calcium channel. "L"
stands for long-lasting
referring to the length of
activation).
decreased
peripheral
resistance
In this way Ca does not
enter the cells, and
depolarization of cell
membrane is stopped.
In cardiac cells this means: lowering of
negative ionotropic effect.
blood
pressure
They reduce cerebral
damage after
thromboembolia
Due to their negative
They are also
They are used in
batmotrophic effect these
used to treat
every type of
drugs are used to treat
migraine
angina, but are
supraventricular
preferred in
arrhythmias: atrial flutter,
vasospastic
atrial fibrillation
angina
Nimodipine has a strong
Hypertension
affinity for cerebral
vassels, and decreases
morbidity after
subarachnoid
Raynaud
hemorrhage.
Syndrome
decreased
cardiac
output
Negative Negative
Ionotropic Chronotropic
decreased
effect effect
need of
myocardium
Main usage in typical angina.
They are used in acute myocardial infarction. for 02
Contraindication: Vasospastic angina
Risk factors modification : —smoking cessation,
treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia)
Prevention: ACE Inhibitors, Statins , Antiplatelet drugs
Aspirine lowers
the incidence of
cardiovascular
events