Table Of ContentPharmacology
A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach
NINTH EDITION
Linda E. McCuistion, PhD, MSN
NCLEX® Live Review Presenter, Mandeville, Louisiana
Kathleen Vuljoin-DiMaggio, RN, MSN
Assistant Professor of Nursing, University of Holy Cross New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana
Mary B. Winton, PhD, RN, ACANP-BC
Assistant Professor, Tarleton State University, Stephenville, Texas
Jennifer J. Yeager, PhD, RN, AGNP
Assistant Professor and Director of the Graduate Nursing Program, Tarleton State University, Stephenville,
Texas
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Table of Contents
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Meet the Authors
In Recognition
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Acknowledgments
Unit I. Introduction to Pharmacology
Introduction
1. Drug Development and Ethical Considerations
Core Ethical Principles
Objectives and Phases of Pharmaceutical Research
American Nurses Association Code of Ethics
Drug Standards and Legislation
Nurse Practice Acts
Canadian Drug Regulation
Initiatives to Combat Drug Counterfeiting
Drug Names
Over-the-Counter Drugs
Drug Resources
Critical Thinking Case Study
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2. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacogenetics
Drug Interactions
Drug-Nutrient Interactions
Drug-Laboratory Interactions
Drug-Induced Photosensitivity
Critical Thinking Case Study
3. Cultural Considerations
Ethnomedicine
Ethnopharmacology
Pharmacogenetics
Transcultural Nursing
The Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural Assessment Model
Critical Thinking Case Study
4. Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act Of 1994
Current Good Manufacturing Practices
Commonly Used Herbal Remedies
Potential Hazards of Herbs
Tips for Consumers and Health Care Providers
Herbal Resources
Critical Thinking Case Study
5. Pediatric Considerations
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Nursing Implications
Considerations for the Adolescent Patient
Nursing Process: Family-Centered Collaborative Care
Critical Thinking Case Study
6. Geriatric Considerations
Physiologic Changes
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Nursing Implications: Older Adult Drug Dosing and Monitoring
Health Teaching with the Older Adult
Critical Thinking Case Study
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7. Drugs in Substance Use Disorder
Substance Use Disorder
Special Needs of Patients with Substance Use Disorder
The Nurse with Substance Use Disorder
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit II. Pharmacotherapy and Drug Administration
Introduction
8. The Nursing Process and Patient-Centered Care
Nursing Process: Patient-Centered Collaborative Care
Critical Thinking Case Study
9. Safety and Quality
“Five-Plus-Five” Rights of Medication Administration
Nurses’ Rights when Administering Medication
Culture of Safety
Safety Risks with Medication Administration
High-Alert Medications
Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Drug Names
Other Factors in the Prevention of Medication Errors
Resources for Preventing Errors in Medication Administration
Pregnancy Categories and Subsections
Guidelines for Medication Administration
Critical Thinking Case Study
10. Drug Administration
Self-Administration of Medication
Forms and Routes of Drug Administration
Nursing Implications for Administration of Parenteral Medications
Developmental Needs of Pediatric Patients
Technological Advances
Critical Thinking Case Study
11. Drug Calculations
Overview
Section 11A. Systems of Measurement With Conversion Factors
Section 11B. Calculation Methods—Enteral and Parenteral Drug Dosages
Section 11C. Calculating Dosages—Drugs That Require Reconstitution
Section 11D. Calculation Methods—Insulin Dosages
Section 11E. Calculation Methods—Intravenous Flow Rates
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Unit III. Maintenance of Homeostasis
Introduction
12. Fluid Volume and Electrolytes
Homeostasis
Fluid Replacement
Electrolytes
Critical Thinking Case Study
13. Vitamin and Mineral Replacement
Vitamins
Minerals
Critical Thinking Case Study
14. Nutritional Support
Different Types of Nutritional Support
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit IV. Autonomic Nervous System Drugs
Introduction
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
15. Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists
Adrenergic Agonists
Central-Acting Alpha Agonists
Adrenergic Antagonists (Adrenergic Blockers)
Critical Thinking Case Study
16. Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists
Cholinergic Agonists
Cholinergic Antagonists
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit V. Central and Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
Introduction
17. Stimulants
Pathophysiology
Amphetamines
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Anorexiants and Analeptics
Critical Thinking Case Study
18. Depressants
Types and Stages of Sleep
Nonpharmacologic Methods
Sedative-Hypnotics
Anesthetics
Critical Thinking Case Study
19. Antiseizure Drugs
International Classification of Seizures
Antiseizure Drugs
Critical Thinking Case Study
20. Drugs for Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer Disease
Parkinson’s Disease
Alzheimer Disease
Critical Thinking Case Study
21. Drugs for Neuromuscular Disorders and Muscle Spasms
Myasthenia Gravis
Multiple Sclerosis
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit VI. Mental and Behavioral Health Drugs
Introduction
22. Antipsychotics and Anxiolytics
Psychosis
Antipsychotic Agents
Anxiolytics
Critical Thinking Case Study
23. Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers
Depression
Antidepressant Agents
Mood Stabilizers
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit VII. Pain and Inflammation Management Drugs
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Introduction
24. Antiinflammatories
Pathophysiology
Antiinflammatory Agents
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Corticosteroids
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Antigout Drugs
Critical Thinking Case Study
25. Analgesics
Pathophysiology
Nonopioid Analgesics
Opioid Analgesics
Adjuvant Therapy
Treatment for Opioid-Addicted Individuals
Opioid Agonist-Antagonists
Opioid Antagonists
Headaches: Migraine and Cluster
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit VIII. Antimicrobial Drugs
Introduction
26. Antibacterials
Pathophysiology
Antibacterial Drugs
Section 26A. Penicillins and Cephalosporins
Section 26B. Macrolides, Oxazolidinones, Lincosamides, Glycopeptides, Ketolides, Tetracyclines, and Glycylcyclines
Section 26C. Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, and Lipopeptides
Section 26D. Sulfonamides and Nitroimidazoles
27. Antituberculars, Antifungals, and Antivirals
Tuberculosis
Antitubercular Drugs
Special Populations
Fungus
Antifungal Drugs
Viruses
Non-HIV Antivirals
Critical Thinking Case Study
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28. Antimalarials, Anthelmintics, and Peptides
Antimalarial Drugs
Anthelmintic Drugs
Peptides
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit IX. Immunologic Drugs
Introduction
Immune System Structure
Immune System Function
29. HIV- and AIDS-Related Drugs
HIV Infection: Pathophysiology
HIV Life Cycle
HIV Transmission
Laboratory Testing
Classification
Indications for Antiretroviral Therapy
Antiretroviral Drugs
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome
The Nurse’s Role in Antiretroviral Therapy
Opportunistic Infections
Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy
Occupational HIV Exposure and Postexposure Prophylaxis
Critical Thinking Case Study
30. Transplant Drugs
Organ Transplantation
Promoting Adherence
Critical Thinking Case Study
31. Vaccines
Immunity
Vaccines
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Vaccination Recommendations
Immunization Before International Travel
Vaccine Safety: Reporting Diseases and Adverse Reactions
Varicella Vaccine
Future Developments in Vaccines
Critical Thinking Case Study
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Unit X. Antineoplastics and Biologic Response Modifiers
Introduction
The Cell Cycle
Growth Rate
Anticancer Therapy
32. Anticancer Drugs
Genetic, Inflammatory, Infective, Environmental, and Dietary Influences
Cell Cycle–Nonspecific and Cell Cycle–Specific Anticancer Drugs
Cancer Chemotherapy
Alkylating Drugs
Antimetabolites
Antitumor Antibiotics
Plant Alkaloids
Immunomodulators
Targeted Therapies
Liposomal Chemotherapy
Hormones and Hormonal Agonists and Antagonists
Biologic Response Modifiers
Miscellaneous Chemotherapy Agents
Critical Thinking Case Study
33. Targeted Therapies to Treat Cancer
Pathophysiology
Targeted Therapy Drugs
Critical Thinking Case Study
34. Biologic Response Modifiers
Interferons
Colony-Stimulating Factors
Interleukin 2
Critical Thinking Case Study
Unit XI. Respiratory Drugs
Introduction
Lung Compliance
Control of Respiration
Bronchial Smooth Muscle
35. Upper Respiratory Disorders
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