PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-DIABETIC STUDIES ON FRUITS OF

111 Pages·2017·3.45 MB·English

PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-DIABETIC STUDIES ON
FRUITS OF Adansonia digitata Linn.,
A dissertation submitted to
THE TAMILNADU Dr. M.G.R MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
CHENNAI-600 032

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
MASTER OF PHARMACY
IN
PHARMACOGNOSY

Submitted by
REG. NO: 261520658

Under the guidance of
DR. P. MUTHUSAMY M.Pharm., Ph.D., B.L.,

Department of Pharmacognosy
College of Pharmacy
Madras Medical College
Chennai-600 003.
MAY 2017
DR .A. JERAD SURESH M.Pharm., Ph.D., MBA.,
Principal,
College of Pharmacy,
Madras Medical College,
Chennai - 600003.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "PHARMACOGNOSTICAL,
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-DIABETIC STUDIES ON FRUITS OF
Adansonia digitata Linn.," submitted by Reg. No: 261520658 in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF PHARMACY IN
PHARMACOGNOSY by The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai is a
bonafide record of work done by him in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of
Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai-600003 during the academic year
2016-2017 under the guidance of DR.P.MUTHUSAMY, M.PHARM., Ph.D., B.L.,
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College,
Chennai-600003.

DR .A. JERAD SURESH M.Pharm., Ph.D., MBA.

Place: Chennai-03
Date:
DR. R. RADHA M.Pharm., Ph.D., M.B.A.,
Professor and Head,
Department of Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy,
Madras Medical College,
Chennai-600003.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "PHARMACOGNOSTICAL,
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-DIABETIC STUDIES ON FRUITS OF
Adansonia digitata Linn.," submitted by Reg. No: 261520658 in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF PHARMACY IN
PHARMACOGNOSY by The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai, is a
bonafide record of work done by him in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of
Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai-600003 during the academic year
2016-2017 under the guidance of DR.P.MUTHUSAMY, M.PHARM., Ph.D., B.L.,
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College,
Chennai-600003.

DR. R. RADHA M.Pharm., Ph.D., M.B.A.,

Place: Chennai-03
Date:
DR. P. MUTHUSAMY M.Pharm., Ph D., B.L.,
Department of Pharmacognosy,
College of Pharmacy,
Madras Medical College,
Chennai-600003.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "PHARMACOGNOSTICAL,
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTI-DIABETIC STUDIES ON FRUITS OF
Adansonia digitata Linn.," submitted by Reg. No: 261520658 in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF PHARMACY IN
PHARMACOGNOSY by The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai, is a
bonafide record of work done by him in the Department of Pharmacognosy, College of
Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai-600003, during the academic year
2016-2017 under my guidance and supervision.

DR. P. MUTHUSAMY M.Pharm., Ph D., B.L.,

Place: Chennai-03
Date:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my first and foremost respect and gratitude to GOD with whose
blessings I was able to complete my project work. I wish to acknowledge my sincere
thanks and express my heartfelt gratitude to the following persons for their help and
encouragement.
I am grateful to express my sincere thanks to Dr. NARAYANA BABU M.D.,
Dean, Madras Medical College, for giving an opportunity to carry out my project work.
I acknowledge my sincere thanks to Prof. DR. A. JERAD SURESH M.Pharm.,
Ph.D., M.B.A., Principal, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical College, Chennai, for
his support in carrying out my dissertation work in this institution.
I express my heartfelt gratitude to DR. R. RADHA M.Pharm., Ph.D., M.B.A.,
Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy,
Madras Medical College, Chennai, for providing me with all the necessary facilities and
valuable guidance for my project work.
I am very much privileged to take this opportunity with pride and immense thanks
expressing my deep sense of gratitude to my guide DR. P. MUTHUSAMY M.Pharm.,
Ph.D., B.L., Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Madras Medical
College Chennai, for his innovative ideas, strong support, encouragement and valuable
guidance throughout my project work.
It’s a great pleasure for me to acknowledge my sincere thanks to all the
Teaching staff members DR. R. VIJAYA BHARATHI M.Pharm., Ph.D., and
DR. R. VADIVU M.Pharm., Ph.D., and MRS. KUMUDHAVENI M.Pharm., of the
Department of Pharmacognosy for their valuable guidance and excellent co-operation.
I thank Mr. RADHA KRISHNA REDDY, Siddha college, Arumbakkam, for the
detailed literature review of the plant.
I thank Prof. P. JAYARAMAN Ph.D., Director (PARC) and
Mr. MANIKANDAN (PARC), West Tambaram for the Histological studies of this plant
material.
I thank Mr. KRISHNARAJ, Apex Laboratories, Guindy in helping me with
in-vitro studies.
I acknowledge my sincere thanks to Dr. S. K. SEENIVELAN, B.V.Sc.,
Special Veterinary Officer, Animal Experimental House, Madras Medical College,
Chennai, for providing the animals to carry out the Pharmacological studies.
I also thank Mr. KUMAR and Mr. KANDASAMY, Assistance Animal
Experimental House, Madras Medical College,Chennai for helping during animal studies.
A special word of thanks goes to the non-teaching staff members
Mrs. T.S. LAKSHMI and Mrs. M. KUMUDHA, Lab Technicians, Department of
Pharmacognosy, Madras Medical College and R. INDIRA, Chennai for their help during
my research work.
I thank to Mr. MOHAN, Histopathology department, for helping me with
histopathological studies.
Also, I thank LAB INDIA CHEMICAL, MICRO FINE CHEMICALS
for providing the necessary chemicals during the project work.
My deepest Heartfelt thanks to my classmates BABU, ELAYASURIYAN,
KARTHIK, KOPPERUNDEVI, NARAYANASAMY, PREMKUMAR, RAJKUMAR,
SHALINI & SHANMUGAPRIYA for their help, co-operation, ideas and encouragement.
I also extend my sincere thanks to my BATCHMATES, SENIORS and
JUNIORS for their help during the research work.
I personally thank my roommates Mr. MUNI ANAND, Mr. NAGARAJ,
Mr. PAPANNA for encouraging and supporting my work.
My heartfelt thanks to Tamil Nadu Government in providing financial support
for my post graduate studies.
Last but not least, My special lovable thanks to my FATHER, MOTHER AND
BROTHER for their continuous support and encouragement.
CONTENTS

S.NO TITLE PAGE NO.
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 14
3 ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY 17
4 RATIONALE FOR SELECTION OF THE PLANT 24
5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 25
6 PLAN OF WORK 26
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES
 Materials and methods
7 27
 Results and discussion
PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
 Materials and methods
8 54
 Results and discussion
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES
 In vitro anti-diabetic Studies
 In vivo anti-diabetic Studies
9 65
 Histopathological studies
 Results and discussion
10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 75
11 REFERENCES 77
12 ANNEXURES 87
LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE
TITLE
NO NO.
List of some anti-diabetic plants having anti diabetic activity
1 13
Histochemical colour reaction of Adansonia digitata Linn.
2 48
Physicochemical analysis on the fruits of Adansonia digitata Linn.
3 49
Qualitative analysis of inorganic elements
4 50
Quantitative estimation of inorganic elements
5 50
Quantitative estimation of heavy metals
6 51
Percentage yield in successive solvent extraction
7 60
Quantitative Estimation of Phytoconstituents
8 60
Preliminary phytochemical screening for extracts
9 61
Fluorescence analysis of fruit powder
10 62
Fluorescence analysis of various extracts
11 62
R values of various extract of Adansonia digitata Linn.
12 f 63
Experimental design for anti-diabetic activity
13 67
14 IC50 values of α-amylase inhibitory assay in standard 69
15 IC50 values of α-amylase inhibitory assay in extracts 69
IC values of haemoglobin glycosylation inhibitory assay in standard
16 50 70
IC values of haemoglobin glycosylation inhibitory assay in extracts
17 50 70
Effects of Ethanolic extract of Adansonia digitata Linn., on blood
18 71
glucose level in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats (mg/dl)
Effects of Ethanolic extract of Adansonia digitata Linn., on body weight
19 72
in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats (mg/dl)
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE
TITLE
NO NO.
1 Type I diabetes mellitus 5
2 Type II diabetes mellitus 5
3 Pathogenesis Of T1DM 7
4 Pathogenesis Of T2DM 8
5 Adansonia digitata Tree 17
6 Adansonia digitata Leaves 18
7 Adansonia digitata Flowers 18
8 Adansonia digitata Fruits 18
9 Adansonia digitata Seeds 18
10 Adansonia digitata Fruit section 18
11 Seeds of Adansonia digitata Linn., Fruit 38
12 Seeds showing dense surface hairs 39
13 Seeds cleaned to show reticulate thickenings 39
14 Transverse section showing outer epidermal and inner sclerotic zones 40
15 Hypodermal zone showing compact parenchyma cells 40
Transverse section showing hypodermal, outer and inner sclerotic
16 41
layers
17 Hypodermal cells and bone shaped osteosclereids 41
18 Cell section showing narrow middle portion of sclereids 42
19 Transverse section of seed coat showing endosperm 42
20 Osteosclereid zone showing macrosclereids in the inner sclereid zone 43
21 Transverse section showing sclerotic zones 43
22 Transverse section showing epidermal, sclerotic and parenchyma zones 44
23 Transverse section showing parenchyma zone 44
24 Parenchymatous cells enlarged showing tannin contents 44
25 Different cell types found in the powder 45
26 Bone shaped osteosclereids 45
27 Parenchymatous cells showing dense mucilage 46
28 Fragments of epidermal cells 46
29 Enlarged surface view of epidermal cells 46
30 Sclerotic hypodermal rectangular shaped cells in surface view 47
31 Lignified cell walls showing canal like simple pits in lumen 47
32 Osteosclereids and macrosclereids bundle 47
33 TLC of different extracts of Adansonia digitata Linn. 63
34 Graphical representation of the α-amylase inhibition assay 69
35 Graphical representation of haemoglobin glycosylation inhibition assay 70
36 Graphical representation of blood glucose level in study groups 71
37 Graphical representation of body weight level in study groups 72
38 Histopathology of Normal control group 73
39 Histopathology of Diabetic control group 73
40 Histopathology of Standard (Glibenclamide 4mg/kg) 73
41 Histopathology of Adansonia digitata Extract (200 mg/kg) 73
42 Histopathology of Adansonia digitata Extract (400 mg/kg) 73