Peterson’s Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

1687 Pages·2012·60.29 MB·English

Peterson’s Principles of Oral
and Maxillofacial Surgery -
Third Edition
Editors
Michael Miloro, DMD, MD, FACS
G. E. Ghali, DDS, MD, FACS
Peter E. Larsen, DDS
Peter D. Waite, MPH, DDS, MD, FACS
2011
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11 12 13 14/9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN-13: 978-1-60795-111-7
Printed in China by People’s Medical Publishing House
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Cover designer: Mary McKeon
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Peterson’s principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery.—3rd ed. / editors, Michael Miloro ... [et al.].
p. ; cm.
Principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-60795-111-7
I. Miloro, Michael. II. Peterson, Larry J., 1942 III. Title: Principles of oral and maxillofacial surgery.
[DNLM: 1. Oral Surgical Procedures. 2. Face—surgery. 3. Facial Bones—surgery. 4. Stomatognathic
System—surgery. WU 600]
LC classification not assigned
617.5(cid:2)2059—dc23 2011032524
Notice: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the patient care recommended herein,
including choice of drugs and drug dosages, is in accord with the accepted standard and practice at the time of
publication. However, since research and regulation constantly change clinical standards, the reader is urged to
check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug, which includes recommended doses,
warnings, and contraindications. This is particularly important with new or infrequently used drugs. Any treatment
regimen, particularly one involving medication, involves inherent risk that must be weighed on a case-by-case
basis against the benefits anticipated. The reader is cautioned that the purpose of this book is to inform and
enlighten; the information contained herein is not intended as, and should not be employed as, a substitute for
individual diagnosis and treatment.
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Contents
Preface ix Chapter 9
Editors xiii Implant Prosthodontics 201
Contributors xv Thomas J. Salinas
SECTION 1 Chapter 10
Medicine, Surgery, and Anesthesia 1 Th e Science of Osseointegration 229
Craig M. Misch and Carl E. Misch
Section Editor: Peter E. Larsen, DDS
Chapter 11
Chapter 1
Comprehensive Implant Site Preparation 269
Wound Healing 3
Ole T. Jensen
Vivek Shetty and Charles N. Bertolami
Chapter 12
Chapter 2
Soft Tissue Management in Implant Th erapy 283
Medical Management and Preoperative Patient Anthony G. Sclar
Assessment 17
Steven M. Roser and Gary F. Bouloux Chapter 13
Craniofacial Implant Surgery 303
Chapter 3
Douglas P. Sinn, Edmond Bedrossian, and Allison Vest
Pharmacology of Outpatient Anesthesia
Medications 43
SECTION 3
Steven I. Ganzberg
Maxillofacial Trauma 323
Chapter 4
Section Editor: Peter E. Larsen, DDS
Outpatient Anesthesia 63
Kevin J. Butterfi eld, Jeff rey D. Bennett, and Jeff rey B. Dembo
Chapter 14
Initial Management of the Trauma Patient 325
SECTION 2
Michael P. Powers and John R. Gusz
Dentoalveolar and Implant Surgery 95
Chapter 15
Section Editor: Peter D. Waite, MPH, DDS, MD, FACD
Soft Tissue Injuries 357
Alan S. Herford and G.E. Ghali
Chapter 5
Impacted Teeth 97
Chapter 16
Gregory M. Ness
Rigid versus Nonrigid Fixation 373
Chapter 6 Edward Ellis III
Preprosthetic and Reconstructive Surgery 123
Chapter 17
Daniel B. Spagnoli and John C. Nale
Management of Alveolar and Dental Fractures 387
Chapter 7 Richard D. Leathers and Reginald E. Gowans
Pediatric Dentoalveolar Surgery 159
Carl Bouchard, Maria J. Troulis, and Leonard B. Kaban Chapter 18
Contemporary Management of Mandibular Fractures 407
Chapter 8 R. Bryan Bell
Utilization of Th ree-dimensional Imaging
Technology to Enhance Maxillofacial Chapter 19
Surgical Applications 179 Fractures of the Mandibular Condyle 441
Scott D. Ganz Leon A. Assael
v
vi Contents
Chapter 20 Chapter 32
Management of Maxillary Fractures 455 Oral Cancer Treatment 693
Larry L. Cunningham, Jr. Jon D. Holmes and Eric J. Dierks
Chapter 21 Chapter 33
Lip Cancer 727
Management of Zygomatic Complex Fractures 465
Jonathan S. Bailey David M. Montes and G. E. Ghali
Chapter 34
Chapter 22
Head and Neck Skin Cancer 743
Orbital and Ocular Trauma 483
Michael F. Zide and Yan Trokel
Deepak G. Krishnan and Mark W. Ochs
Chapter 35
Chapter 23
Salivary Gland Disease 773
Management of Frontal Sinus and
Antonia Kolokythas and Robert Ord
Naso-orbitoethmoid Complex Fractures 519
Stephen P. R. MacLeod and Larry L. Cunningham, Jr. Chapter 36
Mucosal and Related Dermatologic Diseases 795
Chapter 24 John M. Wright, Harvey P. Kessler, and Yi -Shing Lisa Cheng
Nasal Fractures 539
Tirbod Fattahi Chapter 37
Pediatric Maxillofacial Pathology 821
Chapter 25 Antonia Kolokythas
Gunshot Injuries 545
Chapter 38
Jon D. Holmes
Principles of Management of Maxillofacial Infections 841
Thomas R. Flynn
Chapter 26
Pediatric Facial Trauma 565 Chapter 39
Bruce B. Horswell and Daniel Meara
Osteomyelitis, Osteoradionecrosis, and BRONJ 861
George M. Kushner and Brian Alpert
Chapter 27
Management of Panfacial Fractures 593 SECTION 5
Patrick J. Louis
Maxillofacial Reconstruction 875
SECTION 4 Section Editor: G.E. Ghali, DDS, MD, FACS
Maxillofacial Pathology/Infections 609
Chapter 40
Local and Regional Flaps 877
Section Editor: G.E. Ghali, DDS, MD, FACS
Alan S. Herford and G. E. Ghali
Chapter 28
Diff erential Diagnosis of Oral Disease 611 Chapter 41
John R. Kalmar and Carl M. Allen Vascularized and Nonvascularized Hard and
Soft Tissue Reconstruction 893
Chapter 29 D. David Kim and Rui Fernandes
Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors 625
Chapter 42
Eric R. Carlson
Microneurosurgery 919
Michael Miloro
Chapter 30
Benign Nonodontogenic Lesions of the Jaws 653 Chapter 43
M. Anthony Pogrel
Cleft Lip and Palate 945
Bernard J. Costello and Ramon L. Ruiz
Chapter 31
Oral Cancer: Etiology, Diagnosis, Classifi cation Chapter 44
and Staging 677 Reconstruction of the Alveolar Cleft 965
Christopher M. Harris and G. E. Ghali Kelly Kennedy and Peter E. Larsen
Contents vii
Chapter 45 Chapter 54
Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis 979 Orthognathic Database Acquisition 1239
G. E. Ghali and Andrew R. Banker Marc B. Ackerman and David M. Sarver
Chapter 55
Chapter 46
Orthodontics for Orthognathic Surgery 1263
Craniofacial Dysostosis Syndromes: Evaluation &
Larry M. Wolford, Eber L. L. Stevao, C. Moody Alexander,
Treatment of the Skeletal Deformities 995
Joao Roberto Goncalves, and Daniel B. Rodrigues
Paul S. Tiwana, Ramon L. Ruiz, and Jeff rey C. Posnick
Chapter 56
SECTION 6 Model Surgery and Virtual Planning
for Orthognathics 1295
Temporomandibular
Martin B. Steed, Vincent J. Perciaccante, and Robert A. Bays
Joint Disease 1031
Chapter 57
Section Editor: Michael Miloro, DMD, MD, FACS Mandibular Orthognathic Surgery 1317
Dale S. Bloomquist and Jessica J. Lee
Chapter 47
Chapter 58
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the
Principles of Maxillary Orthognathic Surgery 1365
Temporomandibular Joint 1033
Vincent J. Perciaccante and Robert A. Bays
Mark C. Fletcher, Joseph F. Piecuch, and Stuart E. Lieblich
Chapter 59
Chapter 48
Facial Asymmetry 1393
Nonsurgical Management of Temporomandibular Peter D. Waite and Scott D. Urban
Disorders 1049
Vasiliki Karlis and Robert Glickman Chapter 60
Soft Tissue Changes Associated
Chapter 49 with Orthognathic Surgery 1411
Stephen Schendel, Richard Jacobson, and Dror Aizenbud
Arthroscopy and Arthrocentesis of the
Temporomandibular Joint 1069
Chapter 61
Joseph McCain and Luciano Stroia
Complications of Orthognathic Surgery 1427
Joseph E. Van Sickels
Chapter 50
Internal Derangement of the Chapter 62
Temporomandibular Joint 1123 Cleft Orthognathic Surgery 1455
Luis G. Vega, Florencio Monje Gil, and Rajesh Gutta Kevin S. Smith
Chapter 63
Chapter 51
Distraction Osteogenesis of the
Hypomobility and Hypermobility Disorders of the
Maxillofacial Skeleton 1467
Temporomandibular Joint 1155
Michael Miloro
Meredith August, Maria J. Troulis, and Leonard B. Kaban
Chapter 64
Chapter 52
Surgical and Nonsurgical Management
End-Stage Temporomandibular Joint Disease 1173 of Obstructive Sleep Apnea 1493
Louis G. Mercuri B. D. Tiner and Peter D. Waite
SECTION 7 SECTION 8
Orthognathic Surgery 1187 Facial Aesthetic Surgery 1513
Section Editor: Michael Miloro, DMD, MD, FACS Section Editor: Peter D. Waite, MPH, DDS, MD, FACD
Chapter 53 Chapter 65
Craniofacial Growth and Development 1189 Blepharoplasty 1515
Peter M. Spalding Tirbod Fattahi
viii Contents
Chapter 66 Chapter 69
Basic Principles of Rhinoplasty 1531 Otoplastic Surgery for the Protruding Ear 1597
James Koehler and Peter D. Waite Todd G. Owsley
Chapter 70
Chapter 67
Adjunctive Facial Aesthetic Procedures 1609
Rhytidectomy 1555
Joseph Niamtu
G. E. Ghali and Andrew R. Banker
Index 1621
Chapter 68
Forehead and Brow Procedures 1571
Angelo Cuzalina
Preface
C H A P T E R

Dr. Gustav O. Kruger Dr. Larry J. Peterson
Dr. Larry J. “Pete” Peterson was a teacher, and nothing would This 3rd edition of the Principles textbook proudly
please him more than knowing that the legacy of this text- continues the student and resident teachings that began by
book and its teachings still continues posthumously today. Dr. Kruger more than a half century ago.
Dr. Peterson began to assemble the editors and authors for the The 3rd Edition of Peterson’s Principles of Oral and Max-
Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery textbook in the illofacial Surgery, reflects the efforts of many people, includ-
late 1980s, and the 1st edition was published in 1992. ing leading oral and maxillofacial surgeons throughout the
Pete considered this a tribute to one of his mentors, Dr. country and abroad. Although it was not an easy task to enlist
Gustav O. Kruger, Chairman at Georgetown University the authors who have contributed to this textbook, the
School of Dentistry where Pete completed his oral and max- breadth of experience and talent of the contributing authors
illofacial surgery residency training program. Dr. Kruger make this 3rd edition very special.
died in 2010 at the age of 93. Oral and maxillofacial surgery encompasses an ever-
Like Dr. Peterson, whose car license plate read “OSUTCHR” expanding range of diverse topics that makes it unique
(for “Ohio State University Teacher”), Dr. Kruger believed his among the medical and dental specialties. Dr. Kruger’s Text-
role as an educator was most important to him. “Father really book of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery was the first refer-
felt education was the key to a better world and instilled that in ence textbook to cover the full scope of the specialty and was
all of us,” he said. available for students, residents, and surgeons to use as a
Dr. Kruger had edited his own Textbook of Oral and Max- reference for clinical practice.
illofacial Surgery in 1959, and this masterpiece underwent The 3rd Edition of Peterson’s Principles of Oral and Maxil-
several editions, and enjoyed its final 6th edition in 1984. This lofacial Surgery continues this tradition and provides an
textbook provided the basis for undergraduate and postgrad- organized and systematic approach to the entire specialty for
uate education in the specialty of oral and maxillofacial sur- residents and clinicians who practice full-scope oral and max-
gery for dental students and residents throughout the country illofacial surgery. The 3rd edition of this textbook is unique in
for three decades, until Dr. Peterson resurrected the idea of many respects, with the inclusion of contributions from more
continuing to produce a comprehensive and complete refer- than 100 oral and maxillofacial surgeons and other dental and
ence in oral and maxillofacial surgery that was clinically medical specialists. The clear purpose of this textbook is to
applicable and easily readable for students and residents provide a concise, authoritative, easy-to-read, currently refer-
studying the principles of the specialty of oral and maxillo- enced, contemporary survey of the entire specialty of oral and
facial surgery. maxillofacial surgery that contains the information that a
ix