Pesticide Residues in Food and Drinking Water

373 Pages·2008·2.2 MB·English

Pesticide Residues in Food
and Drinking Water
Human Exposure and Risks
PesticideResiduesinFoodandDrinkingWater:HumanExposureandRisks. EditedbyDenisHamiltonand
StephenCrossley
2004JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd ISBN:0-471-48991-3
Wiley Series in Agrochemicals
and Plant Protection
Series Editors:
Terry Roberts, Consultant, Anglesey, UK.
Junshi Miyamoto (deceased), Formerly of Sumitomo ChemicalLtd, Japan
PreviousTitles in the Wiley Series in Agrochemicals and Plant Protection:
The Methyl Bromide Issue (1996), ISBN 0 471 95521 3.
Edited by C. H. Bell, N. Price and B. Chakrabarti
Pesticide Remediation in Soils and Water (1998), ISBN 0 471 96805 6.
Edited by P. Kearney and T. R. Roberts
Chirality in Agrochemicals (1998), ISBN 0 471 98121 4.
Edited by N. Kurihara and J. Miyamoto
Fungicidal Activity (1998), ISBN 0 471 96806 4.
Edited by D. Hutson and J. Miyamoto
Metabolism of Agrochemicals in Plants (2000), ISBN 0 471 80150 X.
Edited by Terry R. Roberts
Optimising Pesiticide Use Edited by Michael F. Wilson
Pesticide Residues in Food
and Drinking Water
Human Exposure and Risks
Editedby
DENIS HAMILTON
DepartmentofPrimaryIndustries,Brisbane,Australia
and
STEPHEN CROSSLEY
FoodStandardsAustraliaNewZealand,Canberra,Australia
Copyright2004 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Pesticideresiduesinfood&drinkingwater:humanexposureandrisks/editedbyDenis
HamiltonandStephenCrossley.
p.cm.–(Agrochemicalsandplantprotection)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-471-48991-3(pbk.:alk.paper)
1.Pesticides–Toxicology.2.Pesticideresiduesinfood.3.Drinkingwater–Contamination.
I.Hamilton,Denis.II.Crossley,Stephen.III.Series.
RA1270.P4P4823 2003
615.9(cid:1)51–dc21
2003053814
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN0-471-48991-3
Typesetin10/12ptTimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
PrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaperresponsiblymanufacturedfromsustainableforestry
inwhichatleasttwotreesareplantedforeachoneusedforpaperproduction.
Dedication
Wededicatethisbooktothesafetyoffoodanddrinkingwaterandthesecurityof
supplies for future generations. Hope for the future comes to mind in the image
of Julia, grand-daughter of Denis.
Denis Hamilton and Stephen Crossley
Contents
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Series Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Denis Hamilton and StephenCrossley
2 Environmental Fate of Pesticides and the Consequences for
Residues in Food and Drinking Water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Jack Holland and Phil Sinclair
3 Pesticide Metabolism in Crops and Livestock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
MichaelW. Skidmore and A´rpa´d Ambrus
4 Effects of Food Preparation and Processing on Pesticide Residues
in Commodities of Plant Origin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Gabriele Timmeand Birgitt Walz-Tylla
5 Toxicological Assessment of Agricultural Pesticides. . . . . . . . . . 149
Mike Watson
6 Diets and Dietary Modelling for Dietary Exposure Assessment. . 167
J. Robert Tomerlinand Barbara J. Petersen
7 Chronic Intake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
LesDavies, MichaelO’Connorand Sheila Logan
8 Acute Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Kim Z. TravisDenis Hamilton, LesDavies, Matthew O’Mullane and
Utz Mueller
9 Natural Toxicants as Pesticides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
John A. Edgar
viii CONTENTS
10 International Standards: The International Harmonization of
Pesticide Residue Standards for Food and Drinking Water . . . 295
Wim H.Van Eck
11 Explaining the Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Sir ColinBerry
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Contributors
A´rpa´d Ambrus
Training and ReferenceCentre for Foodand Pesticide Control, Joint FAO/IAEA
Division of NuclearTechniquesin Foodand Agriculture, FAO/IAEA Agriculture
and Biotechnology Laboratory, FoodContaminants and Pesticide Analysis
Unit, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Vienna, Austria
Sir Colin Berry
Departmentof Morbid Anatomy andHistopathology, The RoyalLondon
Hospital, LondonE1 1BB
Stephen Crossley
Food Standards Australia NewZealand, PO Box 7186, Canberra, MC ACT
2610, Australia
Les Davies
ChemicalReviewandInternational Harmonisation Section, Therapeutic Goods
Administration, Australian Department of Healthand Ageing, PO Box 9848,
Canberra, MC ACT2601, Australia
John A. Edgar
LivestockIndustries, CSIRO,PrivateBag 24, Geelong,Victoria 3320,Australia
Denis Hamilton
Animal and Plant Health Service,Departmentof Primary Industries, 80 Ann
Street,GPO Box 46, Brisbane, Queensland4001, Australia
Jack Holland
Risk Assessment and Policy Section, Department ofEnvironment and Heritage,
Canberra, ACT2604, Australia
Sheila Logan1
ChemicalReviewandInternational Harmonisation Section, Therapeutic Goods
Administration, Australian Department of Healthand Ageing, PO Box 9848,
Canberra, MC ACT2601, Australia
Utz Mueller
ChemicalReviewandInternational Harmonisation Section, Therapeutic Goods
Administration, Australian Department of Healthand Ageing, PO Box 9848,
Canberra, MC ACT2601, Australia
1Currently(2003)UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP),Geneva,Switzerland.
x CONTRIBUTORS
Michael O’Connor
ChemicalReviewand International Harmonisation Section, TherapeuticGoods
Administration, Australian Departmentof Health andAgeing, PO Box 9848,
Canberra, MC ACT2601, Australia
Matthew O’Mullane
ChemicalReviewand International Harmonisation Section, TherapeuticGoods
Administration, Australian Departmentof Health andAgeing, PO Box 9848,
Canberra, MC ACT2601, Australia
Barbara J. Petersen
Exponent,Inc.,NW Suite 1100, 1730 Rhode Island Avenue,Washington, DC
20036, USA
Phil Sinclair
Risk Assessmentand Policy Section, Department of Environmentand Heritage,
Canberra, ACT 2604, Australia
Michael W. Skidmore
SyngentaAG, Jealotts Hill, Bracknell,Berkshire,RG426ET, UK
Gabriele Timme
BayerCropScienceAG, Landwirtschaftszentrum Monheim, Gescha¨ftsbereich
Pflanzenschutz, PF-E-Registrierung, Alfred NobelStrasse 50, D-51368
Leverkusen,Germany
J. Robert Tomerlin
USEPA –Registration Division, USEnvironmental Protection Agency,Ariel
Rios Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue,N.W.Washington, DC 20460, USA
Kim Travis
SyngentaAG, Jealotts Hill, Bracknell,Berkshire RG42 6ET,UK
Wim H. van Eck2
Ministry of Health, Welfare andSport, 2500 EJ The Hague,The Netherlands
Birgitt Walz-Tylla
BayerCropScienceAG, Landwirtschaftszentrum Monheim, Gescha¨ftsbereich
Pflanzenschutz, PF-E-Registrierung, Alfred NobelStrasse 50, D-51368
Leverkusen,Germany
Michael Watson
Department ofToxicology, RicercaInc.,7528 Auburn Road, PO Box 1000,
Painesville, OH 440770-1000, USA
2Currently(2003)WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,Switzerland.