Table Of ContentPerspectives in
Particles and Fields
Cargese 1983
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Volume 126-Perspectives in Particles and Fields: Cargese 1983
edited by Maurice Levy, Jean-Louis Basdevant, David Speiser,
Jacques Weyers, Maurice Jacob, and Raymond Gastmans
Perspectives in
Particles and Fields
Cargese 1983
Edited by
Maurice Levy and Jean-Louis Basdevant
Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energies
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
Paris, France
David Speiser and Jacques Weyers
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Universite Catholique de Louvain
Louvain-Ia-Neuve, Belgium
Maurice Jacob
Theory Division
C.E.R.N.
Geneva, Switzerland
and
Raymond Gastmans
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Leuven, Belgium
Plenum Press
New York and London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute/1983
Cargese Summer Institute on
Particles and Fields,
held July 6-22, 1983,
in Cargese, France
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cargese Summer Institute on Particles and Fields (1983)
Perspectives in particles and fields, Cargese 1983.
(NATO ASI series. Series B, Physics; v. 126)
"Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute/1983 Cargese Summer
Institute on Particles and Fields, held July 6-22, 1983, in Cargese,
France"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographies and index.
1. Particles (Nuclear physics)-Congresses. 2. Gauge fields
(Physics)-Congresses. I. Levy, Maurice, 1922- . II. North Atlantic Treaty
Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. III. NATO Advanced Study Institute.
IV. Title. V. Series.
QC793.C37 1983 539.7'21 85-12163
ISBN 978-1-4757-0371-9 ISBN 978-1-4757-0369-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-0369-6
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 1985
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
microfilming, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The 1983 Cargese Summer Institute on Particles and Fields was
organized by the Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris (M. LEVY
and J.-L. BASDEVANT), C.E.R.N. (M. JACOB), the Universite Catholique
de Louvain (D. SPEISER and J. WEYERS), and the Katholieke Universiteit
Leuven (R. GASTMANS). After 1975, 1977, 1979, and 1981, it was the
fifth time they joined their efforts for organizing this Summer Insti
tute.
This school was characterized by simultaneous progress in the
theory of elementary particles and by impressive experimental advances.
On the theoretical front, one witnessed the new developments in lattice
gauge theories, which explore the world of strongly interacting par
ticles in a non-perturbative way, and progress in a better understan
ding of the unity of all interactions based on supersymmetry. The
experimentalists were ~roud to announce the discovery of the interme
diate vector bosons; W- and ZO, at C.E.R.N., while physicists working
with e+e- colliding beams continued to probe more deeply the validity
of the theoretical models of strong, weak and electromagnetic inter
actions.
We owe many thanks to all those who have made this Summer Insti
tute possible!
Thanks are due to the Scientific Committee of NATO and its Presi
dent for a generous grant and especially to the head of the Advanced
Study Institute Program and his collaborators for their constant help
and encouragement.
We also thank the National Science Foundation (USA) for their
financial assistance.
Special thanks are due to the Universite de Nice for having put
at our disposal the facilities of the Institut de Cargese.
We wish to thank Ms. M.-F. HANSELER, Ms. C. DUCHALAIS, Mr. D.
BERNIA, and the inhabitants of Cargese for their kind collaboration.
v
vi PREFACE
We thank Ms. M.-T. BERTONI for her patience and diligence in
typing this manuscript.
Finally, the financial contribution of the N.V. Kredietbank
(Belgium) is gratefully acknowledged. It helped to give this Summer
Institute a broader international audience.
Mostly, however, we would like to thank all lecturers and parti
cipants who came from over 20 countries : the willingness of the
former to answer all questions and the keen interest of the latter
provided the stimulus which made (we hope) this Institute a success.
M. LEVY D. SPEISER
J.-L. BASDEVANT J. WEYERS
M. JACOB R. GASTMANS
CONTENTS
ALGEBRAIC CONSTRUCTION OF GAUGE INVARIANT THEORIES
L. Baulieu
References 14
AN INTRODUCTION TO LATTICE GAUGE THEORIES 15
J. Zinn-Justin
Why a Lattice : an Example in Quantum Mechanics 15
Double-Well Potential 16
The Discretized Path Integral 18
The Non-Linear a-Model 20
Lattice Gauge Theories 26
Mean Field Theory : General Formalism 36
References 42
AN ELEMENTARY INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF HADRONIC
PHYSICS 45
G. Parisi
Introduction 45
Euclidean Field Theory 46
The Monte Carlo Method 48
General Considerations 51
Special Techniques 55
Results 58
References 65
SUPERSYMMETRY AND SUPERGRAVITY THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL VIEW 67
D.V. Nanopoulos
Motivation(s) for Supersymmetry 67
Supersymmetry (SUSY) 70
Physical Properties of Supersymmetry 73
vii
viii CONTENTS
"Low Energy" Physics and SUSY 80
Supersymmetric GUTS 83
Physical Structure of Simple (N=1) Supergravity 88
Physics with Simple (N=1) Supergravity 97
Experimental Evidence (?) for Supersymmetry 111
Conclusions 115
References 116
e+e- PHYSICS AT PETRA - THE FIRST FIVE YEARS 123
S.L. Wu
Introduction 123
Hadronic Events in e+e- Annihilation 124
Three-Jet Events and Properties of the Gluon 164
Electroweak Interaction 227
References 263
e+e- PHYSICS AT CESR 271
P. Franzini
Introduction 271
CESR, CLEO, CUSB, and the Upsilons 272
Upsilon Spectroscopy 277
Above the Flavor Threshold 299
Weak Interaction of the b Quark 303
References 311
SELECTED TOPICS IN UPSILON PHYSICS 315
J. Lee-Franzini
Introduction 315
Search for Other States produced in e+e- Annihilations 315
Further Tests of the QCD Multipole Expansions 318
The B*-B Mass Difference 322
Further Implications of the P State Measurements 326
Measurement of r(ygg)/r(ggg) in T and T' Decays 329
Measurement of r(pp)/r(ggg) from T(1S) and T(2S) Decays 335
Search for Axions and Higgs Particles 336
Future Prospects in T Physics 337
References 341
HARD PROCESSES INVOLVING REAL PHOTONS 343
D. Treille
e+e- Physics 344
Hard Photoproduction and Prompt-Gamma Physics 351
Two-Gamma Processes 367
Heavy-Flavour Photoprodution 372
References 377
CONTENTS ix
MUON EXPERIMENTS AT HIGH ENERGY 379
G. Smadja
Experimental Environment 379
Radiative Corrections 386
Measurement of F2 393
Consequences 409
Analysis of Scaling Violations 409
Production of Open Charm in Muon Interactions 412
Transverse Momentum Distribution 421
References 431
NEUTRINO PHYSICS 435
R. Turlay
Introduction 435
Structure Functions 436
Dimuon Physics : Amount of Strange Sea 506
References 517
ACCELERATOR STUDIES OF NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS FIRST RESULTS
FROM A LOW-ENERGY EXPERIMENT AT CERN 519
C. Guyot
Introduction 519
Basic Formalism 520
Accelerator Studies of Neutrino Oscillations 521
First Results from the CDHSW Oscillation Experiment 523
Conclusion 529
References 532
SELECTED TOPICS IN NON-ACCELERATOR PHYSICS 533
G. Charpak
Introduction 533
Massive Neutrinos and Lepton Conservation 533
The Double S-Decay 539
Neutrino Oscillations and the Neutrino Mass 544
The Solar Neutrino Puzzle 546
Nucleon Decay 548
The Search for Super-heavy Magnetic Monopoles 549
References 556
SELECTED TOPICS IN SPECTROSCOPY 559
A. Martin
References 568
REALISTIC KALUZA-KLEIN THEORIES ? 569
C. Wetterich
x CONTENTS
References 580
TOPICS IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS 583
S.L. Glashow
Introduction 583
Historical Digression 586
Where is the Top Quark ? 591
Short Takes 593
References 596
Index 597
