Table Of ContentPersonality
and Neurosurgery
of
Proceedings the Third Convention
of
the Academia Eurasiana Neurochirurgica
Brussels, August 30-September 2, 1987
Edited by
J
Brihaye, L. Calliauw
F. Loew, R. van den Bergh
Acta Neurochirurgica
Supplementum 44
Springer-Verlag Wien New York
Prof. Dr. Jean Brihaye
Clinique Neurochirurgicale, Bruxelles, Belgium
Prof. Dr. Luc Calliauw
Kliniek voor Neurochirurgie, Gent, Belgium
Prof. Dr. Friedrich Loew
Neurochirurgische UniversiUitsklinik, Homburg/Saar, Federal Republic of Germany
Prof. Dr. Raymond van den Bergh
Kliniek voor Neurologie en Neurochirurgie, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
With 35 partly coloured Figures
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© 1988 by Springer-Verlag Wien
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1988
ISSN 0065-1419
ISBN-13: 978-3-7091-9007-4 e-1SBN-13 :978-3-7091-9005-0
001: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9005-0
Preface
The human personality is inextricably bound up with, among other things, the function of the central
nervous system. Diseases and malfunctions of the brain, head injuries and neurosurgical operations
can all result in permanently altered behaviour patterns. This interrelation between brain and behaviour
is most clearly demonstrated in cases involving functional neurosurgery and severe traumatic lesions.
Despite the fact that this interrelation represents an everyday challenge to the neurosurgeon, it is a
question which receives less attention than it deserves in neurosurgical meetings.
Given the scope and complexity of this topic, it is not possible to cover every aspect of it here: hence,
discussion is limited to the impact on personality of injuries, language, epilepsy and psychosurgery.
However, before considering the medical aspects, it was deemed necessary to try and arrive at a
definition of "personality". This question was discussed by a number of philosophers representing
various perspectives. Their diversity of viewpoints and conceptions greatly enriched the discussions.
Jean Brihaye Luc Calliauw Friedrich Loew Raymond van den Bergh
Contents Listed in Current Contents
I. Introduction
Address by His Excellency, Mr. Yoshiya Kato 3
Address by His Excellency, Mr. Willy de Clercq 5
II. Meaning of Human Personality
Brandeleer, M.: Behaviourism East and West . . . . . . . . . . 9
Nakamura, H.: The Problem of Mind Eastern Philosophy. . . . . 19
Kelemen, J.: The Dynamics of Personality. An East European View 33
Hottois, G.: The Concept of "Persona": Substance or Relation. . . 39
III. Methodology of Personality Evaluation
Stroobandt, G.: Introduction ................... . 47
Huber, W.: Methodology of the Evaluation of the Personality . . . . . .. 48
Sichez-Auclair, N.: Discussion on Methods for the Evaluation of the Personality. Normal Brain / Damaged
Brain ..... 54
IV. Changes of Personality as Consequence of Severe Brain Injuries
Brooks, N.: Personality Change After Severe Head Injury . . . . . . . . . 59
Sichez-Auclair, N.: Post-Traumatic Personality: as Many Cases as Individuals 65
Violon, A.: Post-Traumatic Psychoses ................. 67
Frowein, R. A., Firsching, R.: Personality After Head Injury . . . . . . . 70
Oprescu, I. A., Burstein, G.: A Relativistic Cybernetic Model for the Personality Disorders Caused by
Head Injuries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 74
Arts, W. F. M., Van Dongen, H. R., Meulstee, J.: Unexpected Improvement After Prolonged Post-
Traumatic Vegetative State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78
Thiery, E.: Personality Traits After Prolonged Vegetative State. Reflections on "Unexpected Improvement
After Prolonged Post-Traumatic Vegetative State" by W. F. M. Arts, H. R. van Dongen, J. Meulstee 80
Foroglou, G., Kaprinis, G., Phocas, c.: Two Cases of Painters Operated More than Ten Years Ago for
Intracranial Lesions. Evolution of Their Artistic Production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Brooks, N.: Concluding Remarks to Preceding Contributions of N. Sichez-Auclair and A. Violon 93
v.
Epilepsy and Personality
Thiery, E.: Introduction 97
Trimble, M. R.: Personality Disorders and Epilepsy 98
Gillingham, F. J.: Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy. Restoration of Personality? 102
Lebrun, Y.: Epilepsy and Verbal Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106
VIII Contents
VI. Aphasia and Personality
Seron, X., Van der Linden, M.: Aphasia and Personality 113
VII. Psychosurgery and Personality
Cosyns, P.: Psychosurgery and Personality Disorders . . . . . . . . . 121
Ballantine, Jr., H. Th.: Historical Overview of Psychosurgery and Its Problematic. . . 125
Waltregny, A.: Regarding the Experimental Neurophysiological Basis of Psychosurgery 129
Mindus, P., Nyman, H., Rosenquist, A., Rydin, E., Meyerson, B. A.: Aspects of Personality in Patients
with Anxiety Disorders Undergoing Capsulotomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 138
Sano, K., Mayanagi, Y.: Posteromedial Hypothalamotomy in the Treatment of Violent, Aggressive Be-
haviour 145
Ramamurthi, B.: Stereotactic Operation in Behaviour Disorders. Amygdalotomy and Hypothalam-
otomy ............. . 152
Laitinen, L. V.: Psychosurgery Today. . 158
Dieckmann, G., Schneider-Jonietz, B., Schneider, H.: Psychiatric and Neuropsychological Findings After
Stereotactic Hypotha1amotomy, in Cases of Extreme Sexual Aggressivity . . . . . . 163
Van Manen, J., Van Veelen, C. W. M.: Experiences in Psycho-Surgery in the Netherlands 167
Nys, H.: Psychosurgery and Personality-Some Legal Considerations 170
Bouckoms, A. J.: Ethics of Psychosurgery . . . . . 173
Ramamurthi, B.: Ethics of Functional Neurosurgery . . . . . . . 179
VIII. General Conclusions
Brihaye, J.: General Conclusions. . . . 183
I. Introduction
Acta Neurochirurgica, Supp!. 44, 3-4 (1988)
© by Springer-Verlag 1988
Address
by His Excellency, Mr. Yoshiya Kato
Ambassador of Japan to the Kingdom of Belgium
Mr. President, Distinguished Guests, in his turn, had copied them from a monumental work
"Vivae Imagines Partium Corporis humani" by Andre
It is indeed a great honour and a special privilege this Vesale, or Andreas Vesalius, a famous Belgian anat
evening for me to be given the opportunity of address omist born in this city of Brussels in 1514. The Japanese
ing such an eminent gathering of "wise men". text "Kaitai Shinsho" contains exact reproductions of
Although I am the merest layman in matters of pictures drawn by Vesalius, even with the typographical
medical science, you have seen fit to invite me here, mark of the well-known Antwerp publisher "Plantin".
for this honourable Academy of Neurological Surgery Thus, it is through the intermediary of Kulmus and
has always brought together, not only scientists and Verheyen that the Japanese got to know Vesalius, the
physicians, but also priests, theologians, philosophers founder of modern anatomical studies, and it is by the
and historians of different religions and nationalities. Low Countries-made up of Belgium as well as Hol
Why not a diplomat then? Indeed, problems of health land at that time-that Japan was initiated into modern
have now become topics of diplomacy, in the same way medicine and surgery.
as international politics and world economy, disar Today, medical science carries immense possibilities
mament and foreign aid, terrorism and environment for the future of mankind. It is capable of increasing
and so on. For example, most recently at the Industrial still further human welfare, thus bringing man closer
Summit in Venice, a Chairman's statement was issued to God. But it is also capable of producing demoniac
on AIDS, urging international cooperation to cope creatures such as Frankenstein monsters. The theme
with it, while at previeus Summit meetings, biotech of this year's conference, "Personality and Neurosur
nology, cancers and drugs had been discussed among gery" seems to me extremely interesting and fascinating
heads of state and government of major industrial as indeed have been the previous topics, "pain" and
nations. "plasticity in the nervous system". Is it really possible
I am particularly happy to note that this year's Con to change and improve personality by means of modern
vention takes place in this great and noble city of Brus neurosurgery? If so, what a marvel! But at the same
sels, following that held in Hakone, Japan, last year. time as awe and admiration, one cannot help feeling
Belgium and Japan, it should be recalled, have long great dread, when one imagines that the world of Dr.
been linked by close historical ties in the field of med Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is no more that of romantic fiction,
icine and surgery. The first Japanese text with illus but is potentially here. I am certain we are all agreed
trations on anatomy was published in Edo-present that medical science must never be allowed to tamper
day Tokyo-in 1774, under the titel of "Kaitai Shin with human personality in order to promote evil.
sho", or New Treatise of Anatomy. It was a translation As your esteemed Academy bears the titel "Eura
of "Ontleedkundige Tabe1en", the Dutch version of a sian", Mr. President, you have assembled so many dis
German work by Johan Adam Kulmus. Kulmus him tinguished scholars and men of science from East as
self had borrowed most of his illustrations from "Cor well as West; let me congratulate you and your staff
poris humani Anatomia" by Philippe Verheyen, then on this remarkable achievement. For us professional
professor at the University of Louvain; and Verheyen, diplomats, as you know, East and West have a special
4 Address by His Excellency, Mr. Yoshiya Kato, Ambassador of Japan to the Kingdom of Belgium
connotation, particularly at this moment. When we say niable differences of race, culture and religion. Kip
"East-West relations", we immediately think of the ling's other lines must not be forgotten: "There is nei
Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, INF negotiations, SS-20 ther East nor West, Border nor Breed, nor Birth, when
and Pershing I or II, Star Wars and the like. In this two strong men stand face to face, though they come
context, East and West are taken as political entities, from the ends of the earth".
and East, more often than not, presents itself as an
adversary to the West which, curiously enough, includ
es a Far-Eastern country like Japan. Relations between
these two blocs or groups are sometimes strained and Ladies and Gentlemen,
antagonistic. In this regard, the famous lines of Kipling
You are the strong men of our time. Whether you
"East is East and West is West, and never the twain
stand face to face in loyal competition or side by side
shall meet" may perhaps sound right.
in the common effort, I wish you all, every success both
I believe, however, that here in this forum, differ
for your Convention here and for your work in the
ences in social and political systems play no significant
future.
role, and geographical East meets West in a very
friendly and constructive atmosphere, despite unde- Thank you.
Acta Neurochirurgica, Supp!. 44, 5 (1988)
© by Springer-Verlag 1988
Address
by His Excellency, Mr. Willy de Clercq
Commissioner at the European Community
1. If geographiccaly speaking Europe and Asia are two 3. In my view there are great opportunities for the
distinct continents, they have always been worlds apart world as a whole to make faster technological progress
in terms of mentality and culture. It is striking how, if Europe and Asia can pool their resources. Each cul
in the course of history, these two worlds have been ture has its strong side which perhaps complements the
alternately attracted and repulsed by each other. other very well. Why then should there not be a part
It is hardly surprising that the two worlds have a nership between East and West in the interests of all
certain historical fear of each other. There was a time people throughout the world?
when the hordes of Genghis Khan threatened Europe, 4. In my opinion the Academia Eurasiana is an
but also a time when the Europeans adopted a kihd of excellent example of how such cooperation between
"gunboat diplomacy" in Asia; East and West can and must be put into practice. You
There is, on the other hand, a certain attraction might perhaps think it is a closed, elitist club which,
between the two worlds. Marco Polo's journey is one like every academy, lives a life of its own. However, it
example so that in the course of history both worlds is my belief that new ideas are born more easily in the
have been to have a look at each other and they have calm of a closed environment. That is why this kind
integrated certain aspects of the "other" culture into of academy has already existed for several hundred
their own. years. Big congresses are excellent places for meeting
2. I am pleased to note that the second half of this people, but probably not the most efficient way of
century has been marked by a significant cultural rap producing intellectual cross-pollination, and that is
prochement between Europe and Asia. The great pro what we are talking about here, for today's convention
gress made in transport, telecommunications and in is least of all a social event. I also believe that if the
formation systems has helped East and West get to Academia Eurasiana did not exist, it would have to be
know and appreciate each other better each day. invented. It meets a real need.
Moreover, the fact that a number of Asian countries 5. It merely remains for me to wish all convention
have managed to industrialize in a record time has participants much success, and to hope that in its lim
placed the two partners psychologically in a position ited field the Academy can take a step forward towards
of equality. greater cooperation between East and West.
