Table Of ContentPersistent Organic Chemicals in the
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Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
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Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
1244
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
Persistent Organic Chemicals in the
Environment: Status and Trends in the
Pacific Basin Countries II
Temporal Trends
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6- Bommanna G. Loganathan, Editor
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k- MurrayStateUniversity, Murray, Kentucky
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1 Jong Seong Khim, Editor
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oi: Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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0 Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Editor
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b): Shigeki Masunaga, Editor
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AmericanChemicalSociety,Washington,DC
DistributedinprintbyOxfordUniversityPress
Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Loganathan,BommannaG.,editor.|AmericanChemicalSociety.Division
ofEnvironmentalChemistry.
Title:Persistentorganicchemicalsintheenvironment:statusandtrendsin
thePacificBasincountries/BommannaG.Loganathan,MurrayState
University,Murray,Kentucky[andthreeothers],editor;sponsoredbythe
ACSDivisionofEnvironmentalChemistry.
Description:Washington,DC:AmericanChemicalSociety,[2016]-|Series:
1
00 ACSsymposiumseries;1243,1244|Includesbibliographicalreferencesand
w
44.f Idienndteifixe.rCs:oLntCeCntNs:2v.011.6C05o4n8ta9m1i(npartiinotn)|sLtaCtuCsN--2v0.126.0T5e5m0p7o2ra(elbtroeonkd)s|ISBN
2
1 9780841231979(v.1)|ISBN9780841231993(v.2)|ISBN9780841231962(v.1)
6-
1 (ebook)|ISBN9780841231986(v.2)(ebook)
0
k-2 Subjects:LCSH:Organiccompounds--Environmentalaspects--PacificArea.|
1/b Persistentpollutants--PacificArea.
02 Classification:LCCTD196.O73P462016(print)|LCCTD196.O73(ebook)|DDC
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Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Foreword
The ACS Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a
mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of
the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from the ACS
sponsoredsymposiabasedoncurrentscientificresearch. Occasionally,booksare
01 developed from symposia sponsored by other organizations when the topic is of
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21/ comprehensiveness. When appropriate, overview or introductory chapters are
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Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
Preface
Environmental pollution by man-made Persistent Organic Chemicals (POCs) has
beenaseriousglobalissueforoverhalfacentury. ExposuretoPOCsmayresultinhealth
effects, including, endocrine disruption leading to birth defects, intellectual disability,
low testosterone, childhood obesity, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
1
0 (ADHD). Therefore, POCs have been the subject of an intensive regional, national, and
0
pr international efforts to limit the production, use, and disposal of these chemicals. Since
4.
24 POCsareubiquitousandrecalcitrant,andcauselong-termeffectsonwildlifeandhumans,
1
6- trend monitoring studies are valuable in making clear the behavior and fate of these
1
0
2 compoundsandtoprotectourenvironmentandlivingresources.
k-
b ThePacificBasinisauniquegeographicalregionrepresentingtropical,temperateand
1/
02 polarzones. Thisregionishometo2/3oftheworld’spopulationandconsistsofrapidly
1
0. growing economies (countries) and highly developed countries. Due to this diversity of
1
oi: climatic and socio-economic conditions, environment and biota in different countries in
d
6 | this basin have varying degrees of environmental contamination and effects on wildlife
1
0 and humans. The Pacific Rim countries play a pivotal role in governing global POC
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7, contamination and resulting harmful health effects. Because articles on POCs and their
er
b effectonenvironmentandhealtharepublishedinalargenumberofdifferentjournals,itis
m
ce usefultohaveabookthatincludesoriginalpapersandreviewsonthelatestadvancesby
e
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eb): wTheell-tkwnoowvonlusmcieenstoisftsthiinstbhoeofikesladt,isefispesectihailslynefoedcu.singonthecountriesinthePacificRim.
W
e ( The two volumes are based on the successful symposium on “Status and Trends
Dat of Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment”. The symposium took place
on at PACIFICHEM 2015, International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies,
cati December 15-20, 2015 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The symposium brought together an
ubli impressive group of leading experts in the field, covering a broad spectrum of expertise
P
in contamination status and temporal trends of POCs from countries in the Pacific Rim.
Eighteen platform presentations and nine posters were presented. The presentations
createdanexcitinganddynamicforumforhighlightingcurrentcontaminationprofilesand
aswellasfuturetrends,whichformedthefoundationofthistwo-volumebook.
All of the symposium speakers were invited to submit chapters to this book. We
were pleased that the majority contributed chapters. Other internationally respected
researcherscontributedadditionalchaptersinordertostrengthenthecoverageofclassical
andemergingcontaminantstatusesandtrendsinthePacificRimcountries. Atotalof20
chaptersareincludedinthetwovolumesofthebook. Volume1focusesoncontamination
status including human exposure to POCs and Volume 2 focuses on the temporal trends
andfutureperspectives.
TopicscoveredinVolume1includeanoverviewofPOCscontaminationstatusand
trends in the Pacific Basin Countries (Chapter 1); human exposure to brominated flame
ix
Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
retardants(Chapter2);persistenttoxicsubstancesinVietnam(Chapter3);dietaryexposure
to a variety of organohalogen pollutants and heavy metals in Tokyo, Japan (Chapter 4)
and Georgia, USA (Chapter 5); e-waste and associated environmental contamination in
theAsia/PacificRegion(Chapter6),includingacasestudyondioxinandfuranexposureto
e-wasteworkersinIndia(Chapter7);POCsinsediments(Chapter8),soilandatmosphereof
SouthKorea(Chapter9);andnewresearchonsequestrationandredistributionofemerging
andclassicalpersistentorganicpollutantsbypolystyrene(Chapter10).
TopicscoveredinVolume2includelessonslearnedfromthreedecadesmonitoring
contaminants in Pacific Basin wildlife samples from the USA’s Marine Environmental
Specimen Bank (Chapter 1); spatial and temporal trends of brominated flame retardants
(Chapter 2), PCBs, pesticides, and dioxins/furans, in the environment and biota in the
USA,Colombia(Chapter3),China(Chapter4),Korea(Chapter5),andJapan(Chapter6
1 andChapter7);emissionofemergingpharmaceuticalcontaminantsintheUSA(Chapter
0
pr0 8) and Vietnam (Chapter 10); and possible application of bio-analytical assays in the
44. biological impact assessment of persistent organic pollutants in Mangrove sediments in
2
6-1 SoutheastAsiawithparticularreferencetoMalaysia(Chapter9).
01 Thecollectionofchaptersinthesevolumesmayserveasareasonablerepresentation
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k- ofcurrentandfuturetrendsofPOCsinthePacificBasincountries.Itishopedthatthebook
b
21/ caninspirestudentsandresearchers,aswellasprofessionals,tofacilitatetheunderstanding
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0.1 oftheenvironmentalandbiologicalbehaviorofthesepersistentchemicalsandtohelpin
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oi: thedevelopmentofstrategiesandpracticesforprotectingtheglobalenvironmentforfuture
6 | d generations.
1 Wewouldliketoexpressourgratitudetoalloftheauthorswhotooktimetoprepare
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7, their manuscripts and to the many reviewers for their valuable time and expertise in the
er peerreviewprocess. SpecialthankstoDr. KevinMillerforhistimelyhelpinreviewsand
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languagecorrections.ThanksarealsoduetotheeditorialteamatACSBooks,particularly
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De BobHauserman,ElizabethHernandez,ArleneFurman,andAimeeGreenefortheirefficient
b): handlingofmanuscripts.
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D BommannaG.Loganathan
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o DepartmentofChemistry/WatershedStudiesInstitute,MurrayStateUniversity
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blic Murray,Kentucky42017,UnitedStates
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JongSeongKhim
SchoolofEarthandEnvironmentalSciences,SeoulNationalUniversity
Seoul08826,RepublicofKorea
PrasadaRaoS.Kodavanti
NeurotoxicologyBranch,NHEERL/ORD,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency
ResearchTrianglePark,NorthCarolina27711,UnitedStates
ShigekiMasunaga
FacultyofEnvironment&InformationSciences,YokohamaNationalUniversity
Yokohama-240-8501,Japan
x
Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
NotsubjecttoU.S.Copyright. Published2016byAmericanChemicalSociety
(DDTs)declinedexceptforbelugawhales,andpolychlorinated
in Hawaii. Chlordanes and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes
in California sea lions and adult male cetaceans that stranded
increased in Alaskan marine mammals with the highest levels
while polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 47 significantly
all species/regions and was lowest in samples from Hawaii
revealed that α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) declined for
the Pacific basin for species, regional, and temporal trends
organochlorine contaminants in several collections from
used for new analytes and techniques. Investigations of
sample contamination, and ensuring that samples can be
contaminant monitoring, developing protocols for mitigating
1 collecting the correct species and tissues for environmental
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d Gaithersburg,Maryland20899,UnitedStates
16 | 3ChemicalSciencesDivision,NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology,
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USA’s Marine Environmental Specimen Bank
Samples from the Pacific Basin Archived at the
Contaminants in Three Decades of Marine
Lessons Learned from Monitoring Organic
Chapter 1
Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
2
attheMarineESBarepresentedhere.
frommonitoringorganiccontaminantsfromsomeofthesemarinesamplesbanked
overviewoftheMarineESBprogrammaticsamplinglocations. Lessonslearned
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16- these collections are opportunistic. Descriptions of the Marine ESB and these
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k-2 mammals, 1999 for seabirds and since 2011 for sea turtles. However, many of
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10 remotenessandthedifficultyofobtainingsamples. TheUSA’sMarineESBhas
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1 Monitoringcontaminantsinthemarineenvironmentischallengingduetothe
doi: trendsofcontaminantsasafunctionofsampletype,species,locationandtime.
6 | ESBs have thus been shown to be valuable resources of samples to investigate
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u (POPs), e.g. polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and past-use organochlorine
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contaminationandmodelingfuturetrendsbylegacypersistentorganicpollutants
Trend monitoring studies are invaluable in describing historical and current
Introduction
tousethisinvaluableresource.
informationandpreviousanalyticalresultsforotherresearchers
ESB is also in the process of ensuring easy access to sample
common murres from St. Lazaria Island, Alaska. The Marine
and thick-billed murres from St. George Island, Alaska and
biphenyls (PCBs) significantly declined for only common
Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
3
Kittiwakeswerechosentorepresentadifferentguild;surface-feedersthatpreyon
replaced if lost early in the season, so eggs were collected as early as possible.
werechosenasdeepdivingwithaclutchofonlyonelargeeggthatthatmaybe
for these collections was described in detail by York et al. (10) Briefly, murres
black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) in 1999. The rationale and protocols
Monitoring Project (STAMP) began collecting eggs of murres (Uria spp.) and
One component of the Marine ESB, the Seabird Tissue Archival and
contaminanttrends.
of species and tissue can be extremely important when assessing environmental
(7–9). Provided below are examples from the Marine ESB on why the choice
choosing species and tissues for biomonitoring have been published previously
representative of the study region (e.g. Kucklick et al. (6)). Several guides to
in the season to ensure the majority of contaminants found in the sample are
species should be chosen, or the migratory species should be sampled later
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Loganathan et al.; Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II ...
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.
