Perinatal Stem Cells

243 Pages·2009·2.477 MB·English

by  Curtis L. Cetrulo Jr., Kyle Cetrulo

PERINATAL STEM CELLS
Edited by
Curtis L. Cetrulo, M.D.
Kyle J. Cetrulo
Curtis L. Cetrulo, Jr., M.D.

PERINATAL STEM CELLS

PERINATAL STEM CELLS
Edited by
Curtis L. Cetrulo, M.D.
Kyle J. Cetrulo
Curtis L. Cetrulo, Jr., M.D.
Copyright#2009byWiley-Blackwell.Allrightsreserved
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Perinatalstemcells/editedbyCurtisL.Cetrulo,KyleJ.Cetrulo,CurtisL.CetruloJr.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-42084-3(cloth)
1. Stemcells. 2. Placenta. 3. Amnioticliquid. I. Cetrulo,CurtisL. II. Cetrulo,KyleJ.
III. Cetrulo,CurtisL.,1975-
[DNLM:1.StemCells.2.Placenta—cytology.3.UmbilicalCord—cytology.QU325P4452009]
QH588.S83P472009
6160.02774—dc22
2009020888
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE xi
CONTRIBUTORS xiii
INTRODUCTION:PERINATALSTEMCELLS xv
1
CORDBLOODTRANSPLANTS:PERINATALSTEMCELLSIN
CLINICALPRACTICE 1
RichardL.HaspelandKarenK.Ballen
Introduction 1
HematopoieticStemCellTransplants:AdultDonorCollection 1
HematopoieticStemCellTransplants:AdultDonorTesting 2
HematopoieticStemCellTransplants:RecipientIssues 3
CollectionandProcessingofCordBloodUnits 4
BoneMarrowversusSingleCordBlood:Pediatric 5
BoneMarrowversusCordBlood:Adults 6
CordBloodTransplant:AdvantagesandDisadvantages 7
DoubleCordBloodTransplants:AblativeRegimens 8
DoubleCordBloodTransplant:Non-MyeloablativeRegimens 9
Chimerism 10
PredictingtheWinner 12
AreTwoCordsBetterThanOne? 13
OtherExperimentalStrategies 14
Summary 14
References 14
2
EXPANDINGTHETHERAPEUTICPOTENTIALOFUMBILICAL
CORDBLOODHEMATOPOIETICSTEMCELLS 21
RouzbehR.TaghizadehandJamesL.Sherley
Introduction:HematopoieticStemCells,theTherapeuticDistributed
StemCellsinUmbilicalCordBlood 21
BiologicalBarrierstoHematopoieticStemCellTherapy 24
UmbilicalCordBlood:AnIdealSourceofTherapeuticHematopoietic
StemCells 27
v
vi CONTENTS
ShortcomingsofExVivoHSCExpansionStrategies 29
ANovelStrategyWithPotentialtoEnableExVivoExpansionof
UmbilicalCordBloodHematopoieticStemCells 32
Acknowledgments 34
References 35
3
USEOFFETALCELLSINREGENERATIVEMEDICINE 41
ChristianBreymann
Introduction 41
PrinciplesofTissueEngineering 42
CellSourcesforTissueEngineering 43
ExamplesofPossibleUseandImplicationsofPerinatalStemCells 43
PlacentalDerivedStemCells(Chorionic,AmnioticMembranes) 44
AmnioticDerivedStemCells(hAMSC/Placental!) 44
AmnioticFluid-DerivedStemCells(Nonplacental!) 45
Conclusion 46
References 48
4
PERINATALSTEMCELLTHERAPY 51
DanielSurbek,AnnaWagner,andAndreinaSchoeberlein
TheFetusasRecipientforPre-andPerinatalStemCellTransplantation 51
PrenatalCellTransplantation:CurrentExperience 52
HowDoWeImprovetheSuccessofPrenatalStemCellTransplantation? 53
MesenchymalStemCellsforPrenatalTransplantation 54
FetalGeneTherapyasaNewStrategy 54
CurrentIssuesofPostnatalGeneTherapy 55
PrenatalGeneTherapy 57
AnimalModelsofPrenatalGeneTherapy 58
FetalGeneTherapyTargetingHematopoieticStemCells 58
SafetyAspectsofPrenatalGeneTherapy 59
EthicalConsiderations 60
References 60
5
UMBILICALCORDMESENCHYMALSTEMCELLS 69
LaurentBoissel,MonicaBetancur,HansKlingemann,
andJamesMarchand
PreparationandCultureofUC–MSC 69
Characteristics–PropertiesandBoneMarrowComparison 71
UC–MSCasFeederLayerforExpansionofHumanCells 73
ClinicalIndicationsforUC–MSC 75
References 75
CONTENTS vii
6
WHARTON’SJELLY-DERIVEDMESENCHYMAL
STROMALCELLS 79
BarbaraLutjemeier,DerylL.Troyer,andMarkL.Weiss
MesenchymalStromalCells 79
ImmunophenotypeofMesenchymalStromalCells 81
MSCsareMultipotentCells 81
MSCandStromalSupportoftheStemCellNiche 81
DefiningPrimitiveStromalCells:DifferencesbetweenFetaland
AdultMSCs 81
UmbilicalCordMSCs 82
CharacterizationofWharton’sJellyDerivedCells 83
OtherMSC-LikeCellsfromUmbilicalCord 83
ComparisonofWJCstoAdultDerivedMSCs 84
InVitroDifferentiationofWJCs 85
ComparisonofWJCstoFetalMSCs 86
TransplantationofWJCs 86
WJCsasPrimitiveStromalCells 89
Summary 90
Acknowledgments 90
References 90
7
PERINATALENDOTHELIALPROGENITORCELLS 95
CurtisL.Cetrulo,Jr.andMargaretJ.Starnes
TheRoleofVascularStemCellsinPostnatalBloodVesselFormation:
EndothelialProgenitorCellsandPostnatalVasculogenesis 95
SourcesofEndothelialProgenitorCells 96
EPCs,VasculogenesisandAngiogenesis 96
EPCsandTissueEngineering 97
EPCsandCardiovascularTissueEngineering 98
TheFuture:VascularizedEngineeredTissue 99
References 99
8
UMBILICALCORDDERIVEDMASTCELLSASMODELS
FORTHESTUDYOFINFLAMMATORYDISEASES 103
TaxiarchisKourelis,DuraisamyKempuraj,AkriviManola,andTheoharis
C.Theoharides
Introduction 103
MastCellTriggers 106
MastCellMediators 109
SelectiveReleaseofMastCellMediators 111
NaturalMastCellSecretionInhibitors 112
Mast–TCellInteraction 113
InflammatorySkinDiseases 113