Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval - ICAO

168 Pages·2011·2.48 MB·English

Note: This Performance Based Navigation (PBN) Operational Approval
Handbook has been developed by CASA Australia in coordination with
ICAO and the COSCAP programmes of Asia Pacific. States are welcome
to adapt this document as required to form the basis on which inspectors
will provide operational approvals to operators in their State. This
Handbook has been developed in conformance with the ICAO PBN
Manual DOC 9613 and provides additional guidance on PBN Operational
Approval requirements.

(Delete this page when developing State Manual)
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook

BLANK
[State CAA]

PERFORMANCE BASED NAVIGATION
OPERATIONAL APPROVAL
HANDBOOK

August 2010
Foreword

The purpose of this Handbook is to provide guidance to personnel responsible
for the assessment of applications for operational approval to conduct
Performance Based Navigation Operations. Over the years, a number of
regions have established local RNAV and RNP standards which led to
complexity in international operations and operational approvals. ICAO has
developed the concept of Performance Based Navigation and harmonized the
concepts and requirements which are now contained in the ICAO Performance
Based Navigation (PBN) Manual (DOC 9613). The Handbook supplements the
information contained in the PBN Manual related to operational approval of
PBN.

[CAA] staff will adhere to the policy and procedures contained in this Handbook
when authorizing PBN operations. Because of the wide scope of operations
involved and the many variables that can be encountered in aircraft equipment,
it is impossible to anticipate all situations, therefore [CAA] personnel must
exercise common sense and good judgement in the application of these policies
and procedures.

XXXXX
Director General,
Civil Aviation

[State CAA]
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook
INTRODUCTION
The Handbook is divided into three parts.
Part 1 PBN Technology provides a summary of the enabling area navigation technology in
order to provide operational approval inspectors with the technical background necessary
for an informed and consistent management of PBN operational approvals. Additional
study may be required depending upon the complexity of the operation and other factors,
and reference is made in Part 3 to suitable sources of information.
Typically the operational approval process for established navigation technologies is well
known and understood by inspectors and there is general consistency amongst regulators
world wide in the issue of operational approvals. As Performance Based Navigation is a
relatively recent development, regulatory authorities, inspectors and applicants require
some time and experience to develop a thorough understanding of PBN operations, the
associated technology and the approval process. In addition, some work remains to be
done in the development of regulatory and guidance material and it is necessary that
inspectors have a good knowledge of PBN principles, the associated technology and
operating practices in order to accommodate any perceived limitations in the available
documentation.
Part 2 PBN Operations discusses the approval of operations for each of the Navigation
Specifications included in the PBN Manual. Where appropriate additional guidance
material is provided to explain the context or intent of the navigation specification.
Part 3 Job Aids provide operators, and inspectors with guidance on the process to
be followed in order to obtain a PBN operational approval.
It is intended that this Handbook is supplemented by a formal course of training for
inspectors.

Version 2.4 August 2010 1
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook
BLANK
Version 2.4 August 2010 2
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
DEFINITIONS 9
ACRONYMS 11
PART 1 PBN TECHNOLOGY 15
Chapter 1 OVERVIEW 15
1.1 Introduction. 15
1.2 Transition from Conventional Navigation to PBN 15
1.3 Performance Based Navigation 16
1.4 RNAV vs. RNP 16
Chapter 2 AREA NAVIGATION 18
2.1 Area Navigation Principles 18
2.2 Geodetic Reference 18
2.3 Path Terminators 18
2.4 Radius to Fix segments 21
2.5 Area Navigation Systems 22
2.6 Data Management 24
Chapter 3 NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE 25
3.1 General 25
3.2 Performance Evaluation 25
3.3 Performance Components 26
3.4 Required Navigation Performance 28
3.5 Performance Limitations 29
3.6 Flight Technical Error Management 31
3.7 Lateral Deviation Monitoring 32
3.8 Vertical Deviation Monitoring 33
3.9 Evaluation of Deviation Displays 34
Chapter 4 GNSS 35
4.1 General 35
4.2 Monitoring and alerting 35
4.3 GNSS Accuracy 36
4.4 Integrity Monitoring 36
4.5 Fault Detection 36
4.6 Horizontal Protection Level 37
4.7 Integrity Alerting 38
4.8 Loss of Integrity Monitoring Function 39
4.9 Availability Prediction 39
Version 2.4 August 2010 3
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook
4.10 Augmentation systems 40
Chapter 5 ROUTE DESIGN 41
5.1 Protected Area 41
5.2 RNP AR APCH 41
5.3 RNP APCH 41
5.4 En-route and Terminal 42
Chapter 6 BAROMETRIC VERTICAL NAVIGATION 43
6.1 General 43
6.2 Baro-VNAV Principles 43
6.3 Limitations of the Baro VNAV System 45
6.4 Aircraft Capability 46
6.5 Flight Procedure Design 47
6.6 Baro VNAV Operations 49
Chapter 7 AIRCRAFT QUALIFICATION 51
7.1 Eligibility 51
7.2 Aircraft Evaluation 51
7.3 Functionality 52
Chapter 8 FLIGHT CREW TRAINING 54
8.1 General 54
8.2 Knowledge requirements 54
8.3 Flight Training requirements 55
PART 2 PBN OPERATIONAL APPROVALS 57
Chapter 1 Overview 57
1.1 General 57
1.2 Responsibility for Operational Approval Evaluation 57
1.3 Issue of Approval 57
1.4 Job Aids 59
1.5 Using the Job Aids 59
Chapter 2 RNAV 10 61
2.1 General 61
2.2 ATS communications and surveillance 61
2.3 Summary 61
2.4 Operating Procedures 62
2.5 Pilot Knowledge and Training 63
Chapter 3 RNAV 5 64
3.1 General 64
3.2 Summary 64
Version 2.4 August 2010 4
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook
3.3 INS or IRS 64
3.4 GNSS 64
3.5 Operating procedures 64
3.6 Pilot Knowledge and Training 65
3.7 Operational Approval 65
Chapter 4 RNAV 1 and 2 66
4.1 General 66
4.2 Operational Approval 66
4.3 Summary 66
4.4 GNSS 67
4.5 Functionality 67
4.6 Operating procedures 68
4.7 Pilot Knowledge and Training 68
Chapter 5 RNP 4 69
5.1 General 69
5.2 Operational Approval 69
5.3 ATS communications and surveillance 69
5.4 Summary 69
5.5 GNSS 69
5.6 Functionality 70
5.7 Operating Procedures 70
5.8 Pilot Knowledge and Training 71
Chapter 6 RNP 2 Reserved 72
Chapter 7 Basic RNP 1 73
7.1 General 73
7.2 Operational Approval 73
7.3 Summary 73
7.4 Stand-alone GNSS systems 73
7.5 RNP Systems 74
7.6 Integrity availability 74
7.7 Deselection of radio updating 74
7.8 Functionality 74
7.9 Operating procedures 75
7.10 Pilot Knowledge and Training 75
Chapter 8 Advanced RNP Reserved 77
Chapter 9 RNP APCH 78
9.1 General 78
Version 2.4 August 2010 5
Performance Based Navigation Operational Approval Handbook
9.2 Characteristics 78
9.3 Flight procedure design 78
9.4 Operational approval 80
9.5 Navigation systems 80
9.6 Stand-alone systems 81
9.7 Flight Management Systems 82
9.8 Using VNAV advisory information 84
9.9 VNAV approach guidance 84
9.10 Altimeter setting procedures 86
9.11 Vertical Navigation Systems 86
9.12 GNSS Availability Prediction. 87
9.13 Radio updating. 88
9.14 Operating Procedures 88
9.15 Procedure selection and review 88
9.16 Use of autopilot and flight director 89
9.17 GNSS updating 89
9.18 Flight crew knowledge and training 89
9.19 Navigation Database 90
Chapter 10 RNP AR APCH 91
10.1 General 91
10.2 Authorisation Required 91
10.3 Characteristics 91
10.4 Procedure Design 92
10.5 Operational Approval 93
10.6 Evaluation Team 93
10.7 Operator’s Application 94
10.8 Aircraft Eligibility 94
10.9 Flight Technical Error 95
10.10 Demonstration of Path Steering Performance 96
10.11 Navigation System Monitoring and Alerting 97
10.12 GNSS latent failure protection 97
10.13 Operating Procedures 98
10.14 RNP Availability Prediction. 98
10.15 Radio updating. 99
10.16 Procedure selection and review 99
10.17 Required list of equipment. 100
10.18 Use of autopilot and flight director 100
Version 2.4 August 2010 6