Perez & Brady’s Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology

2268 Pages·2013·306.74 MB·English

by  Edward C. Halperin

Perez and Brady’s
PrinciPles and Practice
of radiation oncology
sixth edition
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EDiTORS
Edward C. Halperin, MD, MA David E. Wazer, MD, FASTRO Carlos A. Perez, MD Luther W. Brady, MD
Chancellor for Health Professor and Chairman Professor Emeritus Distinguished University
Affairs and Chief Radiation Oncologist-in- Mallinckrodt Institute of Professor
Executive Officer Chief Radiology Hylda Cohn/American
New York Medical College Department of Radiation Siteman Cancer Center Cancer Society
Professor of Radiation Oncology Washington University Professor of Clinical
Oncology, Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center St. Louis, Missouri Oncology
and History Tufts University School of Professor, Department of
Provost for Biomedical Medicine Radiation Oncology
Affairs Boston, Massachusetts Drexel University College
Touro College and Rhode Island Hospital of Medicine
University Alpert Medical School of Philadelphia,
Valhalla, New York Brown University Pennsylvania
Providence, Rhode Island
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iii
Perez and Brady’s
PrinciPles and Practice
of radiation oncology
sixth edition
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Senior Executive Editor: Jonathan W. Pine, Jr.
Senior Product Manager: Emilie Moyer
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right 1998 by Lippincott-Raven. Fourth Edition copyright 2004 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Fifth Edition copy-
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Printed in China
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Perez and Brady’s principles and practice of radiation oncology / editors,
Edward C. Halperin . . . [ et al.]. – 6th ed.
p. ; cm.
Principles and practice of radiation oncology
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4511-1648-9 (alk. paper)
I. Halperin, Edward C. II. Perez, Carlos A., 1934- III. Title: Principles
and practice of radiation oncology.
[DNLM: 1. Neoplasms–radiotherapy. 2. Radiometry. 3. Radiotherapy–methods. QZ 269]
RC271.R3
616.99'40642–dc23
2012049568
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To our patients, who have taught us with their courage and suffering,
To our teachers, who inspired us with their knowledge and wisdom,
To our trainees, who will make tomorrow better than today,
To our families, who unselfishly endorsed our endeavors:
This book is gratefully dedicated.
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contributors
David J. Adelstein, MD Stanley Benedict, PhD
Professor of Medicine Director, Radiological Physics
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Department of Radiation Oncology
Reserve University University of Virginia Health System
Cleveland, Ohio Charlottesville, Virginia
Anesa Ahamad, MD Ross Berkowitz, MD
Associate Lecturer Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer
Faculty of Medical Sciences Institute
University of the West Indies Harvard Medical School
St. Augustine, Trinidad Tobago Boston, Massachusetts
Kaled M. Alektiar, MD Eric J. Bernhard, PhD
Department of Radiation Oncology Chief, Radiotherapy Development Branch
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Radiation Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment
New York, New York and Diagnosis (DCTD)
National Cancer Institute
Robert J. Amdur, MD Washington, D.C.
Department of Radiation Oncology
College of Medicine Jeffrey D. Bradley, MD
University of Florida Washington University School of Medicine
Gainesville, Florida St. Louis, Missouri
K. Kian Ang, MD, PhD Luther W. Brady, MD
Professor Distinguished University Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology Hylda Cohn/American Cancer Society Professor of Clinical
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Oncology
Houston, Texas Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology
Drexel University College of Medicine
Douglas W. Arthur, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor and Vice Chairman
Virginia Commonwealth University John C. Breneman, MD
VCU Massey Cancer Center Charles M. Barrett Professor of Radiation Oncology and
Richmond, Virginia Adjunct Professor of Neurosurgery
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Elizabeth H. Baldini, MD, MPH Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Associate Professor Cincinnati, Ohio
Harvard Medical School
Radiation Oncology Director David J. Brenner, PhD, DSc
Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Program Center for Radiological Research
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Columbia University Medical Center
Women’s Hospital New York, New York
Boston, Massachusetts
James D. Brierley, MS, MB, FRCP, FRCR, FRCPC
Michael Baumann, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology
Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav University of Toronto
Carus Princess Margaret Hospital
Department of Radiation Oncology and OncoRay Toronto, Ontario, Canada
National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Dresden
Technical University of Dresden David M. Brizel, MD
Dresden, Germany Leonard R. Prosnitz Professor of Radiation
Oncology
Jose G. Bazan, MD, MS Department of Radiation Oncology
Resident, Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center
Stanford Cancer Center Durham, North Carolina
Stanford, California
vii
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viii Contributors
Richard T. Bryan, MBChB, PhD, MRCS Skye H. Cheng, MD
Senior Research Fellow Chief
School of Cancer Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology
University of Birmingham Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei,
Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom Taiwan
Clinical Professor
Thomas A. Buchholz, MD, FACR Radiation Medicine
Division Head National Yang-Ming Medical University, Taipei,
Radiation Oncology Taiwan
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Adjunct Associated Professor, Department of Radiation
Houston, Texas Oncology
Duke University Medical Center
Jeffrey Buchsbaum, MD, PhD, AM Durham, North Carolina
Associate Professor
Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pediatrics, and Neurological Sravana Chennupati, MD
Surgery Resident
Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Radiation Medicine
Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center Oregon Health & Science University
Bloomington, Indiana Portland, Oregon
Theresa M. Busch, PhD Indrin J. Chetty, PhD
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
University of Pennsylvania Henry Ford Health System
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Detroit, Michigan
Jacek Capala, PhD, DSc Junzo P. Chino, MD
Program Director, Clinical Radiation Oncology Branch Assistant Professor
Radiation Research Program Department of Radiation Oncology
Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis Duke University Medical Center
National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health Durham, North Carolina
Rockville, Maryland
Hak Choy, MD
Christian Carrie, MD Professor and Chairman
Head, Radiotherapy Department Department of Radiation Oncology
Medical Director University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Centre Leon Berard Dallas, Texas
Lyon, France
Jared D. Christensen, MD
Barrie R. Cassileth, PhD, MS Assistant Professor
Integrative Medicine Service Department of Radiology Cardiothoracic Division
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Duke University Medical Center
New York, New York Durham, North Carolina
Keith A. Cengel, MD, PhD Hans T. Chung, MD, FRCPC
Department of Radiation Oncology Assistant Professor
University of Pennsylvania Department of Radiation Oncology
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania University of Toronto
Odette Cancer Centre
K.S. Clifford Chao, MD Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre
Chu H. Chang Distinguished Professor and Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Chairman
Radiation Oncology John J. Coen, MD
College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Radiation Oncologist
Columbia University Hartford Radiation Oncology Associates, PC
Professor and Chief Hartford, Connecticut
Radiation Oncology
Weill Cornell Medical College C. Norman Coleman, MD
Cornell University Associate Director
Chairman, Radiation Oncology Radiation Research Program
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis
New York, New York National Cancer Institute
Bethesda, Maryland
Zhe Chen, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Therapeutic Stephanie E. Combs, MD
Radiology Vice Chairman
Hunter Radiation Therapy Center Department of Radiation Oncology
Yale University School of Medicine University Hospital of Heidelberg
New Haven, Connecticut Heidelberg, Germany
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Contributors ix
Louis S. Constine, MD Gary Deng, MD, PhD
Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Radiation Integrative Medicine Service
Oncology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Professor, Department of Pediatrics New York, New York
James P. Wilmot Cancer Center
University of Rochester Medical Center Albert S. DeNittis, MD
Rochester, New York Chief, Department of Radiation Oncology
Lankenau Hospital
Jay S. Cooper, MD Associate Professor
Director Lankenau Institute for Medical Research
Department of Radiation Oncology Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
Maimonides Cancer Center
Brooklyn, New York Phillip M. Devlin, MD, FACR
Chief, Division of Brachytherapy
Nils Cordes, MD, PhD Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer
Head, Molecular Targeting Group Center
OncoRay Center for Radiation Research in Oncology Medical Associate Professor
Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Harvard Medical School
University of Technology Dresden Boston, Massachusetts
Dresden, Germany
Mark W. Dewhirst, DVM, PhD
Edwin Crandley, MD Professor of Pathology and Biomedical
Department of Radiation Oncology Engineering
University of Virginia Gustavo S. Montana Professor
Charlottesville, Virginia Director of Tumor Microcirculation
Laboratory
Bernard J. Cummings, MB, ChB, FRCPC Department of Radiation Oncology
Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University Medical Center
University of Toronto Durham, North Carolina
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
James A. Deye, PhD
Brian G. Czito, MD Radiation Research Program
Associate Professor National Cancer Institute
Department of Radiation Oncology Rockville, Maryland
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina James J. Dignam, PhD
Associate Professor, Biostatistics
Roi Dagan, MD Department of Health Studies
Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Chicago
College of Medicine, University of Florida Chicago, Illinois
Gainesville, Florida Group Statistician
Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
Megan E. Daly, MD American College of Radiology
Assistant Professor Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Department of Radiation Oncology
UC Davis Medical Center Bernadine R. Donahue, MD
Sacramento, California Department of Radiation Oncology
Maimonides Cancer Center
Rupak K. Das, PhD Brooklyn, New York
Professor Department of Radiation Oncology
Department of Human Oncology New York University School of Medicine
University of Wisconsin New York, New York
Madison, Wisconsin
Sarah S. Donaldson, MD
Barnali Dasgupta, MD Catharine and Howard Avery Professor
Research Fellow Department of Radiation Oncology
Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford University School of Medicine
Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology
Indianapolis, Indiana Stanford, California
Roy H. Decker, MD, PhD Lei Dong, PhD
Assistant Professor Department of Radiation Physics
Department of Therapeutic Radiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Yale University School of Medicine Houston, Texas
New Haven, Connecticut
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x Contributors
James G. Douglas, MD, MS C. David Fuller, MD
Professor Assistant Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
Indiana University School of Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer
Medical Director Center
Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center Houston, Texas
Bloomington, Indiana
Hiram Gay, MD
Dan G. Duda, DMD, PhD Assistant Professor
Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology Washington University School of Medicine
Department of Radiation Oncology St. Louis, Missouri
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts Iris C. Gibbs, MD
Associate Professor
Tony Y. Eng, MD Stanford University
Professor and Vice Chair Stanford, California
Radiation Oncology Department
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Maura L. Gillison, MD, PhD
Cancer Therapy and Research Center Professor and Jeg Coughlin Chair of Cancer
San Antonio, Texas Research
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer
Joshua Evans, PhD Center
Assistant Professor of Medical Physics Columbus, Ohio
Department of Radiation Oncology
Virginia Commonwealth University Daniel R. Gomez, MD
Richmond, Virginia Assistant Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Jean-Pierre Farmer, MD The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Professor of Neurosurgery and Oncology Houston, Texas
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada Vanai Gondi, MD
Chief Resident
Jarod C. Finlay, PhD Department of Human Oncology
Assistant Professor University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center
Department of Radiation Oncology Madison, Wisconsin
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sharad Goyal, MD, MS
Assistant Professor
John C. Flickinger, MD Department of Radiation Oncology
Professor of Radiation Oncology University of Medicine & Dentistry of New Jersey–Robert
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Wood Johnson Medical School
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Cancer Institute of New Jersey
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Franklin P. Flowers, MD
Professor Emeritus of Dermatology Sean Grimm, MD
University of Florida College of Medicine Assistant Professor
Gainesville, Florida Department of Neurology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Silvia C. Formenti, MD Chicago, Illinois
Sandra and Edward Meyer Professor and Chair
Department of Radiation Oncology Amitabh Gulati, MD
New York University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesia
New York, New York Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Steven J. Frank, MD
Associate Professor Bruce G. Haffty, MD
Department of Radiation Oncology Professor and Chairman
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Radiation Oncology
Houston, Texas University of Medicine & Dentistry of New
Jersey–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
Carolyn R. Freeman, MBBS, FRCPC Associate Director
Professor of Oncology and Pediatrics The Cancer Institute of New Jersey
Mike Rosenbloom Chair in Radiation Oncology New Brunswick, New Jersey
McGill University
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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