Perceptual Computing: Aiding People in Making Subjective Judgments (IEEE Press Series on Computational Intelligence)

339 Pages·2010·21.61 MB·English

by  Jerry Mendel

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PERCEPTUAL COMPUTING
Aiding People in Making
Subjective Judgments
JERRY M. MENDEL
DONGRUI WU
IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, Sponsor
IEEE Press Series on Computational Intelligence
David B. Fogel, Series Editor
IEEE PRESS
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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PERCEPTUAL COMPUTING
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IEEE Press Editorial Board
LIaEjoEs EH aPnzroe,s Es dEitdori tion rCiahile Bf oard
Lajos Hanzo, Editor in Chief
R. Abari T. Chen B. M. Hammerli
J.R A.n Adebrsaorni T. GM. C. Erold-aH awary O. M alik S. Nahavandi
S. Basu M. El-Hawary S. Nahavandi
J. Anderson B. M. Hammerli W. Reeve
A. Chatterjee S. Farshchi W. Reeve
F. Canavero M. Lanzerotti T. Samad
T. G. Croda O. Malik G. Zobrist
Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)
IEEE-CIS Liaison to IEEE Press, Gary B. Fogel
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PERCEPTUAL COMPUTING
Aiding People in Making
Subjective Judgments
JERRY M. MENDEL
DONGRUI WU
IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, Sponsor
IEEE Press Series on Computational Intelligence
David B. Fogel, Series Editor
IEEE PRESS
A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION
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Copyright © 2010 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Mendel, Jerry M., 1938-
Perceptual computing : aiding people in making subjective judgments / Jerry M. Mendel and
Dongrui Wu.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-470-47876-9 (cloth)
1. Human-computer interaction. 2. Computational intelligence. 3. Decision making. 4. Fuzzy sets. I.
Wu, Dongrui. II. Title.
QA76.9.H85M428 2010
006.3—dc22 2009041401
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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To
Lotfi Zadeh, founder of computing with words and fuzzy logic
Letty Mendel, wife of Jerry M. Mendel
Shunyou Wu, Shenglian Luo, and Ying Li,
parents and wife of Dongrui Wu
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Contents
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Perceptual Computing 1
1.2 Examples 3
1.2.1 Investment Decision Making 3
1.2.2 Social Judgment Making 5
1.2.3 Hierarchical Decision Making 7
1.2.4 Hierarchical and Distributed Decision Making 9
1.3 Historical Origins of Perceptual Computing 11
1.4 How to Validate the Perceptual Computer 15
1.5 The Choice of Fuzzy Set Models for the Per-C 16
1.6 Keeping the Per-C as Simple as Possible 19
1.7 Coverage of the Book 20
1.8 High-Level Synopses of Technical Details 24
1.8.1 Chapter 2: Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 24
1.8.2 Chapter 3: Encoding: From a Word to a Model—The 26
Codebook
1.8.3 Chapter 4: Decoding: From FOUs to a Recommendation 27
1.8.4 Chapter 5: Novel Weighted Averages as a CWW Engine 29
1.8.5 Chapter 6: If–Then Rules as a CWW Engine 29
References 31
2 Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 35
2.1 A Brief Review of Type-1 Fuzzy Sets 35
2.2 Introduction to Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets 38
2.3 Definitions 42
2.4 Wavy-Slice Representation Theorem 45
2.5 Set-Theoretic Operations 45
2.6 Centroid of an IT2 FS 46
2.6.1 General Results 46
2.6.2 Properties of the Centroid 50
2.7 KM Algorithms 52
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