Peptides in Energy Balance and Obesity (Frontiers in Nutritional Science)

411 Pages·2009·2.288 MB·English

by  Gema Fruhbeck

F N S
RONTIERS IN UTRITIONAL CIENCE
This series of books addresses a wide range of topics in nutritional science. The
books are aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students, research-
ers, university teachers, policy makers and nutrition and health professionals.
They offer original syntheses of knowledge, providing a fresh perspective on key
topics in nutritional science. Each title is written by a single author or by groups
of authors who are acknowledged experts in their fi eld. Titles include aspects of
molecular, cellular and whole-body nutrition and cover humans and wild, cap-
tive and domesticated animals. Basic nutritional science, clinical nutrition and
public health nutrition are each addressed by titles in the series.
Editor in Chief
P.C. Calder, University of Southampton, UK
Editorial Board
A. Bell, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
F. Kok, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
A. Lichtenstein, Tufts University, Massachusetts, USA
I. Ortigues-Marty, INRA, Thiex, France
P. Yaqoob, University of Reading, UK
K. Younger, Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland
Titles available
1. Nutrition and Immune Function
Edited by P.C. Calder, C.J. Field and H.S. Gill
2. Fetal Nutrition and Adult Disease: Programming of Chronic Disease
through Fetal Exposure to Undernutrition
Edited by S.C. Langley-Evans
3. The Psychology of Food Choice
Edited by R. Shepherd and M. Raats
4. Peptides in Energy Balance and Obesity
Edited by G. Frühbeck
To my family for teaching me perseverance in projects and
endeavours of every kind.
P E
EPTIDES IN NERGY
B O
ALANCE AND BESITY
Edited by
Gema Frühbeck
Department of Endocrinology
Metabolic Research Laboratory
Clínica Universitaria de Navarra
University of Navarra
and
CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición
Instituto de Salud Carlos III
Pamplona
Spain
in association with
The Nutrition Society
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
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©CAB International 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically,
by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Peptides in energy balance and obesity / edited by Gema Frühbeck.
p. ; cm. -- (Frontiers in nutritional science ; no. 4)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-407-1 (alk. paper)
1. Peptide hormones. 2. Obesity--Pathophysiology. 3. Energy metabolism.
I. Frühbeck, Gema. II. Nutrition Society (Great Britain) III. Title. IV. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Peptides--metabolism. 2. Appetite Regulation. 3. Energy
Metabolism--physiology. 4. Homeostasis. 5. Obesity--physiopathology. QU 68
P42437 2009]
QP572.P4.P47 2009
612.4'05--dc22
2008037565
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 407 1
Typeset by AMA Dataset Ltd, UK
Printed and bound in the UK by MPG Books Group
The paper used for the text pages in this book is FSC certifi ed. The FSC (Forest
Stewardship Council) is an international network to promote responsible management
of the world's forests.
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface xi
Part I: Central Pathways Involved in the Control of Food
Intake and Energy Expenditure
1. Orexigenic Peptides 1
M.J. Morris and M.J. Hansen
2. Anorexigenic Peptides 33
S. Perboni, N. Ueno, G. Mantovani and A. Inui
3. Newcomers and Supporting Actors 61
J.A. Harrold and G. Williams
Part II: Peripheral Signals Participating in Energy
Homeostasis and Obesity-associated Alterations
4. The Gut as a Second Brain 93
C.J. Small, K. Wynne and S.R. Bloom
5. Elements of the Adipostat 115
H. Hauner
6. Natriuretic Peptides and Other Lipolytic Peptides
Involved in the Control of Lipid Mobilization in Humans 133
M. Lafontan, C. Sengenes, C. Moro, J. Galitzky and M. Berlan
v
vi Contents
7. The Adipo–Hepato–Insular Axis in Glucose Homeostasis 163
J. Gómez-Ambrosi, V. Catalán and G. Frühbeck
8. Adipokines in the Immune–Stress Response 195
R. Madani, N.C. Ogston and V. Mohamed-Ali
9. Peptides Involved in Vascular Homeostasis 229
A. Rodríguez and G. Frühbeck
Part III: Integrative Perspectives
10. Hierarchy of Neural Pathways Controlling Energy
Homeostasis 263
A. Abizaid and T.L. Horvath
11. Energy Regulatory Signals and Food Reward 285
D. Figlewicz Lattemann, N.M. Sanders and A.J. Sipols
12. Embracing Complexity: The Emergence of Functional
Neuroimaging and Other Methodologies to Study the
Role of the Human Brain in the Pathophysiology
of Obesity 309
P.A. Tataranni, N. Pannacciulli, D.S.NT Le and A. Del Parigi
13. Overview of the Integrative Physiology of Adipose
Tissue in Energy Homeostasis 331
I. Dugail and M. Guerre-Millo
14. Application of ‘Omic’ Strategies to Obesity Research 349
C. Henegar, S. Taleb, D. Langin, J.-D. Zucker and K. Clément
15. Implications for the Future of Obesity Management 369
G.N. Chaldakov, A.B. Tonchev, M. Fiore, M.G. Hristova,
R. Pancheva, G. Rancic and L. Aloe
Index 391
Contributors
Abizaid, Alfonso, Institute for Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada.
Aloe, Luigi, Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research
Council-European Brain Research Institute, NGF Section, Rome, Italy.
Berlan, Michel, Unité de Recherches sur les obésités, Unité Inserm-UPS 586,
Université Paul Sabatier, Institut Louis Bugnard, Hôpital Rangueil, TSA
50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Bloom, Stephen R., Department of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Investigative
Science, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road,
London W12 ONN, UK.
Catalán, Victoria, Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universitaria de
Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
Chaldakov, George, Division of Cell Biology, Medical University, BG-9002
Varna, Bulgaria.
Clément, Karine, INSERM, Nutriomique, U872, Paris, France; University Paris 6,
F-75006 Paris, France; CHRU Pitié Salpétrière, Hôtel-Dieu Nutrition Depart-
ment, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, F-75013 Paris, France.
Del Parigi, Angelo, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human
Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Dugail, Isabelle, INSERM, U872, F-75006 Paris, France; Centre de Recherche
des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, UMR S 872,
F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, F-75006
Paris, France.
Figlewicz Lattemann, Dianne, VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660
So. Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA and Department of P sychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle,
WA 98195-6560, USA.
vii
viii Contributors
Fiore, Marco, Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National
Research Council-European Brain Research Institute, NGF Section, Rome,
Italy.
Frühbeck, Gema, Metabolic Research Laboratory and Department of Endo-
crinology, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008,
Pamplona, Spain.
Galitzky, Jean, Unité de Recherches sur les obésités, Unité Inserm-UPS 586,
Université Paul Sabatier, Institut Louis Bugnard, Hôpital Rangueil, TSA
50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Gómez-Ambrosi, Javier, Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universitaria de
Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
Guerre-Millo, Michèle, INSERM, U872, F-75006 Paris, France; Centre de recher-
che des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie – Paris 6, UMR S 872,
F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, F-75006
Paris, France.
Hansen, Michelle J., Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne,
Victoria 3010, Australia.
Harrold, Joanne A., Neuroendocrine and Obesity Biology Unit, Department of Med-
icine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
Hauner, Hans, Else Kröner-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, Technical
University of Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany.
Henegar, Corneliu, INSERM, Nutriomique, U872, Paris, France; University Paris
6, F-75006 Paris, France; CHRU Pitié Salpétrière, Hôtel-Dieu Nutrition
Department, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, F-75013 Paris,
France.
Horvath, Tamas L., Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences and Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medi-
cine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Hristova, Mariyana G., Division of Cell Biology, Medical University, BG-9002
Varna, Bulgaria.
Inui, Akio, Department of Behavioural Medicine, Kagoshima University Gradu-
ate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
Lafontan, Max, Unité de Recherches sur les obésités, Unité Inserm-UPS 586,
Université Paul Sabatier, Institut Louis Bugnard, Hôpital Rangueil, TSA
50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Langin, Dominique, INSERM, U858, Laboratoire de Recherches sur les Obésités,
Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
Le, Duc Son NT, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human
Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Madani, Rana, Adipokines and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Clinical
Pharmacology, University College London, 5 University Street, London
WC1E 6JJ, UK.
Mantovani, Giovanni, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari,
Cagliari, Italy.
Contributors ix
Mohamed-Ali, Vidya, Adipokines and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for
Clinical Pharmacology, University College London, 5 University Street,
London WC1E 6JJ, UK.
Moro, Cédric, Unité de Recherches sur les obésités, Unité Inserm-UPS 586, Uni-
versité Paul Sabatier, Institut Louis Bugnard, Hôpital Rangueil, TSA 50032,
31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Morris, Margaret J., School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales,
NSW 2052, Australia.
Ogston, Nicola C., Adipokines and Metabolism Research Group, Centre for Clin-
ical Pharmacology, University College London, 5 University Street, London
WC1E 6JJ, UK.
Pancheva, Rouzha, Nutrigenomics Centre, Medical University, BG-9002 Varna,
Bulgaria.
Pannacciulli, Nicola, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human
Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Perboni, Simona, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Cagliari,
Cagliari,Italy.
Rancic, Gorana, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Niˆs,
Serbia.
Rodríguez, Amaia, Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universitaria de
Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
Sanders, Nicole M., VA Puget Sound Health Care System (151), 1660 So.
Columbian Way, Seattle, WA 98108, USA and Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle,
WA 98195-6560, USA.
Sengenes, Coralie, Unité de Recherches sur les obésités, Unité Inserm-UPS 586,
Université Paul Sabatier, Institut Louis Bugnard, Hôpital Rangueil, TSA
50032, 31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
Sipols, Alfred J., Institute for Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1004, Latvia.
Small, Caroline J., Department of Metabolic Medicine, Division of Investigative
Science, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road,
London W12 ONN, UK.
Taleb, Soraya, INSERM, Nutriomique, U872, Paris, France; University Paris 6,
F-75006 Paris, France; CHRU Pitié Salpétrière, Hôtel-Dieu Nutrition Depart-
ment, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, F-75013 Paris, France.
Tataranni, P. Antonio, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human
Services, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Tonchev, Anton B., Division of Cell Biology and Nutrigenomics Centre, Medical
University, BG-9002 Varna, Bulgaria.
Ueno, Naohiko, Division of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Depart-
ment of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of
Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.