People and Spaces in Roman Military Bases

510 Pages·2013·12.052 MB·English

by  Penelope M. Allison

PeopleandSpacesinRomanMilitaryBases
Thisstudyusesartefactdistributionanalysestoinvestigatetheactivi-
tiesthattookplaceinsideearlyRomanimperialmilitarybases.Focus-
ingespeciallyonnon-combatactivities,itexploresthelivesoffamilies
andothersupportpersonnelwhoarewidelyassumedtohaveinhab-
itedciviliansettlementsoutsidethefortificationwalls.Spatialanalyses,
inGIS-typeenvironments,areusedtodevelopfreshperspectiveson
therangeofpeoplewholivedwithinthewallsofthesemilitaryestab-
lishments, the various industrial, commercial, domestic and leisure
activitiesinwhichtheyandcombatpersonnelwereinvolved,andthe
socio-spatialorganisationoftheseactivitiesandtheseestablishments.
Thebookincludesexamplesofbothlegionaryfortressesandauxiliary
fortsfromtheGermanprovincestodemonstratethatmorematerial-
cultural approaches to the artefact assemblages from these sites give
greaterinsightsintohowthesemilitarycommunitiesoperatedandto
demonstratetheproblemsofascribingfunctionstobuildingswithout
investigatingthefullmaterialrecord.
penelope m. allison
is Reader in Archaeology and Ancient
HistoryattheUniversityofLeicester.Shehasbeenteachingancienthis-
toryandarchaeologyforoverthirtyyearsandhasalsoheldanumber
of research posts, including an Australian Research Council Queen
Elizabeth II fellowship at the Australian National University; Aus-
tralian Bicentennial fellowship in the Faculty of Classics, University
ofCambridge;andVisitingFellowshipatStJohn’sCollege,University
ofDurham.AFellowoftheSocietyofAntiquariesandanHonorary
FellowoftheAustralianAcademyofHumanities,shehaswrittenand
edited several ground-breaking books on Roman archaeology and
householdarchaeology,includingTheArchaeologyofHouseholdActiv-
ities(1999),PompeianHouseholds:AnAnalysisoftheMaterialCulture
(2004), and The Insula of the Menander in Pompeii III: The Finds, A
ContextualStudy(2006).

People and Spaces in Roman
Military Bases
penelope m. allison
UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107039360
(cid:2)C PenelopeM.Allison2013
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
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permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2013
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall
AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata
Allison,PenelopeM.,1954–
PeopleandspacesinRomanmilitarybases/PenelopeM.Allison.
pages cm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-107-03936-0(hardback)
1.Fortification,Roman. 2.Fortification,Roman–Germany. 3.Rome–Militaryantiquities.
4.Germany–Antiquities,Roman. 5.Romans–Germany. 6.Socialarchaeology. I.Title.
UG365.A55 2013
355.709363–dc23 2013010813
ISBN978-1-107-03936-0Hardback
CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof
URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,
anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,
accurateorappropriate.
Contents
Listoffigures [pagevii]
Listoftables [xvii]
Preface [xix]
1 Introduction [1]
2 ApproachingRomanmilitarycommunities [12]
3 StudyingRomanartefactsandsocialpractice [33]
4 Siteselectionanddataprocessing [50]
5 CategorisingRomanartefacts [65]
6 VeteraI [109]
Introduction [109]
Activityandidentitycategoriesforspecificartefacts [115]
Analysesofartefactdistribution [121]
7 Rottweil(AraFlaviae)–FortsIandII [152]
IntroductiontoRottweil [152]
IntroductiontoFortsIandII [154]
Activityandidentitycategoriesforspecificartefacts [164]
Analysesofartefactdistribution [166]
8 ThefortatOberstimm [179]
Introduction [179]
Activityandidentitycategoriesforspecificartefacts [188]
Analysesofartefactdistribution [191]
9 ThefortatHesselbach [222]
Introduction [222]
Activityandidentitycategoriesforspecificartefacts [228]
Analysesofartefactdistribution [229]
10 ThefortatEllingen [232]
Introduction [232]
Activityandidentitycategoriesforspecificartefacts [241]
Analysesofartefactdistribution [245]
11 Inter-sitespatialdistributionofactivitiesanduseofspace [281] v
vi Contents
12 Statusandgenderidentity–therolesandimpactofwomenand
children [319]
13 Concludingcomments [344]
appendices
A Accessingandusingthedataandthedistributionmaps [359]
B VeteraI:preparationandassessmentofthedata [361]
C RottweilFortsIandII:preparationandassessmentof
thedata [383]
D Oberstimm:preparationandassessmentofthedata [399]
E Hesselbach:preparationandassessmentofthedata [415]
F Ellingen:preparationandassessmentofthedata [421]
G Drawingsofartefacts [437]
Bibliography [453]
Index [481]
List of figures
1.1 MapofGermanyshowinglocationsofthesitesinstudy.(Drawing
P.A.Faulkner.) [page8]
2.1 TombstoneofDagvalda,mournedbyhiswife,Pusinna,from
CawfieldsonHadrian’sWall.(CourtesyoftheTrusteesofthe
ClaytonCollection,ChestersMuseum.) [21]
6.1 MapshowingXanten,ColoniaUlpiaTraianiaandVeteraI.(Adapted
fromHanel1995:pl.1byD.Miles-Williams.) [110]
6.2 PlanofVeteraIshowingremainsofallfortressesandnumberingof
buildingsinlastClaudian–Neronianfortress,includingbuilding
underlyinglaterBuildingF.(AdaptedfromHanel1995:plan169by
S.EllisandM.Sterry.) [111]
7.1 LocationmapforRottweil.(AdaptedfromFranke2003fig.3by
D.Miles-Williams.) [153]
7.2 MapshowingpositionofRottweilforts.(AdaptedfromFranke2003:
fig.4byD.Miles-Williams.) [153]
7.3 PlanofRottweilFortIshowingexcavationareas.(Adaptedfrom
Franke2003fig.5byD.Miles-Williams.) [155]
7.4 PlanofRottweilFortsIandIIindicatingbuildingsexcavatedand
reconstructedbarrackbuildings.(Adaptedfromvariousplansin
Franke2003byD.Miles-Williams.) [156]
7.5 Artefactspotentiallyassociatedwithwomenandchildren,asa
percentageofartefactsinthisstudyineachexcavationareaat
Rottweil. [174]
8.1 LocationmapforthefortatOberstimm.(Adaptedfrom
Scho¨nberger,vonKo¨hlerandSimon1989:fig.2by
D.Miles-Williams.) [180]
8.2 PlanshowingScho¨nberger’sexcavationsofthefortat
Oberstimm.(AdaptedfromScho¨nberger1978:fig.2by
D.Miles-Williams.) [180]
8.3 PlanofScho¨nberger’sexcavationsofthefortatOberstimm.
(AdaptedfromScho¨nberger1978:fig3,byD.Miles-
Williams.) [183]
vii
viii Listoffigures
8.4 PlanofthefortatOberstimmindicatingbuildingsexcavatedand
thosereconstructedbyScho¨nberger.(Adaptedfromvariousplansin
Scho¨nberger1978,byS.EllisandM.Sterry.) [184]
8.5 DistributionofanimalboneinthefortatOberstimm,by
period. [204]
9.1 LocationmapforHesselbach.(AdaptedfromBaatz1973:fig.1by
D.Miles-Williams.) [223]
9.2 PlanofthefortatHesselbach.(AdaptedfromBaatz1973:fig.35by
S.Ellis.) [224]
10.1 PlanoffortatEllingenshowingbuildingphases.(Adaptedfrom
Zanier1992:Beilage1byD.Miles-Williams.) [233]
(In the distribution maps in the following figures in the Appendices, the
plotsoutsidethefortwallsareofunprovenancedfinds.)
B.1 Buildingareasaspercentagesofthetotalexcavatedareaat
VeteraI. [366]
B.2 Percentageofallartefactsineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [367]
B.3 Densityofallartefacts(perm2)ineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [368]
B.4 DistributionofcoinsatVeteraI,bydate. [369]
B.5 Percentageofcoinsineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [370]
B.6 Densityofcoins(perm2)ineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [371]
B.7 DistributionoffineceramicsatVeteraI. [372]
B.8 Percentageofthefineceramicsineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [373]
B.9 Densityoffineceramics(perm2)ineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [374]
B.10 DistributionofutilitarianceramicsatVeteraI. [375]
B.11 Percentageofutilitarianceramicsineachbuildingandstreetareaat
VeteraI. [376]
B.12 Densityofutilitarianceramics(perm2)ineachbuildingandstreet
areaatVeteraI. [376]
B.13 Correspondenceanalysisbetweenbuildings,withmorethanten
artefacts,andgenderedcategories.(AnalysisbyA.Fairbairn.) [379]