Pediatric Surgery Secrets, 1e

416 Pages·2000·22.678 MB·English

by  Philip L. Glick MD FAAP FACS, Richard Pearl MD FAAP FACS, Michael S. Irish MD FAAP FACS, Michael G. Caty MD

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PEDIATRIC
SURGERY
SECRETS
PHILIP L. GLICK, MD, FAAP, FACS
Surgeon-in-Chief
Children's Hospital of Buffalo
Professor, Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics/Gynecology
State University of New York
Buffalo, New York
RICHARD H. PEARL, MD, FAAP, FACS
Surgeon-in-Chief
Children's Hospital of Illinois, Peoria
Professor, Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics
University of Illinois College of Medicine
Peoria, Illinois
MICHAEL S. IRISH, MD, FAAP, FACS
Administrative Chief Resident
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Children's Hospital of Buffalo
Buffalo, New York
MICHAEL G. CATY, MD
Senior Attending Surgeon
Children's Hospital of Buffalo
Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics
State University of New York
Buffalo, New York
JAYPEE BROTHERS
MEDICAL PUBUSHERS (P) LTD
New Delhi
FIRST INDIAN EDITION 2001
© 2001 by Hanley & Belfus, Inc.
This edition has been published in India by arrangement with Hanley
& Belfus, Inc., Medical Publishers, 210 South 13th Street, Philadelphia,
PA 19107. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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written permission from the publisher.
For sale in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka only.
Published by
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Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj
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Prlnted'by Gopsons Papers Limited, NOIDA
Dedication
This book is dedicated to David Tapper, MD, FACS, FAAP and James
E. Allen, MD, FACS, FAAP, who dedicated their careers to caring for
the surgical needs of children, educating students, residents, fellows,
and colleagues, and training the next generation of pediatric surgeons.
We, the editors of this book, want to gratefully acknowledge these
Herculean contributions and say thanks.
Philip L. Glick, MD
Michael S. Irish, MD
Richard H. Pearl, MD
Michael G. Caty, MD

CONTENTS
I. GENERAL
1. Evaluation of the Pediatric Surgical Patient............................................................ 1
Philip L. Glick, M.D., Michael S. Irish, M.D., and Michael G. Caty, M.D.
2. Fluids, Electrolytes, and Nutrition for the Pediatric Surgery Patient...................... 2
Henry E. Rice, M.D.
II. CRITICAL CARE
3. Shock..................................................................................................................... 5
Karen Diefenbach, M.D.,
and Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
4. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.................................................................. 9
Patrick V. Bailey, M.D.
5. Mechanical Ventilation........................................................................................... 14
Scott C. Boulanger, M.D., Ph.D., Vivian Lindfield, M.D.,
Michael G. Caty, M.D., and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
Ill THORACIC
6. Chest Wall Deformities............................................................................................ 21
Amanda J. McCabe, FRCS, and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
I. Diaphragmatic Hernias............................................................................................ 25
Amanda J. McCabe, FRCS, and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
8. Surgical Anatomy, Embryology, and Physiology of the Esophagus........................ 31
Marc A. Levitt, M.D., and Michael G. Caty, M.D.
9. Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula............................ 33
Douglas C. Barnhart, 'M.D., Marjorie J. Area, M.D.,
and Arnold G. Coran, M.D.
10. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.......................................................................... 36
Jerome M. McDonald, M.D., MAJ, Kenneth S. Azarow, M.D., LTC,
and Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
II. Caustic Ingestions of the Esophagus.................................................................... 40
Jennifer I. Lin, Michael G. Caty, M.D., and Kathryn D. Anderson, M.D.
12. Esophageal Foreign Bodies.................................................................................. 42
Amanda J. McCabe, M.D., FRCS, Rebeccah L. Brown, M.D.,
Michael G. Caty, M.D., and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
13. Congenital Lung Malformations............................................................................ 47
Drucy Borowitz, M.D., and Bonnie Hudak, M.D.
14. Acquired Lung Disease.......................................................................................... 53
Bradley M. Rodgers, M.D.
15. Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies........................................................................... 60
Rebeccah L. Brown, M.D., and Michael G. Caty, M.D.
16. Larynx, Trachea, and Mediastinum....................................................................... 62
Robert M. Filler, M.D.
17. Mediastinal Masses................................................................................................. 65
Nicholas C. Saenz, M.D.
v
vi Contents
IV. CARDIOVASCULAR
18. Congenital Cardiac Anomalies................................................................................ 67
Eliot R. RosenhranZy M.D.
19. Vascular Disease................................................................................................... 79
James A. O'Neill, Jr., M.D.
V. ABDOMINAL
20. Umbilical Problems............................................................................................. 85
Mark Stovroff, M.D.
21. Groin Hernias....................................................................................................... 87
Rebeccah L. Brown, M.D., and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
22. Gastroschisis and Omphalocele............................................................................ 90
Scott C. Boulanger, M.D., Ph.D., Michael G. Caty, M.D.,
and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
23. Prune-Belly Syndrome, Bladder Exstrophy,a nd Cloacal Exstrophy..................... 96
Scott C. Boulanger, M.D., Ph.D., Michael G. Caty, M.D.,
and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
VI. GASTROENTEROLOGY
24. Normal Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract ... 101
Charles N. Paidas, M.D.
25. Small Intestinal Obstruction.................................................................................. 107
Alfred A. de Lorimier, M.D.
26. Pancreas................................................................................................................ 115
Joel Shilyansky, M.D.
27. Intestinal Atresia and Webs................................................................................... 120
Anthony Sandler, M.D.
28. Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus.......................................................................... 123
Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
29. Gastrointestinal Surgical Aspects of Cystic Fibrosis.......................................... 127
Michael S. Irish, M.D., Michael G. Caty, M.D., Philip L. Glick, M.D.
and Drucy Borowitz
30. Necrotizing Enterocolitis...................................................................................... 139
Jeffrey S. Upperman, M.D., Evan P. Nadler, M.D., and Henri R. Ford, M.D.
31. Meckel’s Diverticulum.......................................................................................... 142
William Tisol, M.D., and Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
32. Appendicitis.......................................................................................................... 144
Richard Pearl, M.D., Michael Caty, M.D., and Philip Glick, M.D.
33. Intussusception...................................................................................................... 148
Jeff C. Hoehner, M.D., Ph.D.
34. Small Left Colon Syndrome.................................................................................. 151
J. Stephen Marshall, M.D., FACS
35. Disorders of Colonic Motility................................................................................ 152
David J. Hackam, M.D., Ph.D., and Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
36. Inflammatory Bowel Disease................................................................................ 156
Steven W. Bruch, M.D., and Peter C. W. Kim, M.D.
37. Gastrointestinal Bleeding...................................................................................... 159
T. A. Brown, M.D., MAJ, and Kenneth Azarow, M.D., LTC
Contents vii
38. Anorectal Disorders............................................................................................. 163
Steve C. Chen, M.D., and Tom Jaksic, M.D., Ph.D.
VII. HEPATOBILIARY AND SPLEEN
39. Biliary Atresia....................................................................................................... 167
Frederick M. Karrer, M.D., and Denis D. Bensard, M.D.
40. Choledochal Cyst................................................................................................. 168
Samuel M. Alaish, M.D., and Eric L. Lazar, M.D.
41. Gallbladder Disease............................................................................................. 171
Steven Rothenberg, M.D.
42. Portal Hypertension............................................................................................. 173
Frederick M. Karrer, M.D., and Denis D. Bensard, M.D.
43. Spleen................................................................................................................... 175
J. B. Joo, M.D., and Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
VIII. HEAD AND NECK
44. Cervical Lymphadenopathy................................................................................. 179
Robert E. Kelly, Jr., M.D.
45. Thyroglossal Duct Cysts and Sinuses.................................................................... 182
Rebeccah L. Brown, M.D., and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
46. Branchial Cleft and Arch Anomalies.................................................................... 184
Rebeccah L. Brown, M.D., and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
IX. GENITOURINARY
47. Acute and Chronic Renal Failure.......................................................................... 187
Abubakr Imam, M.D., and Wayne R. Waz, M.D.
48. Renal Cystic Diseases........................................................................................... 192
Julian Wan, M.D.
49. Obstructive Uropathies......................................................................................... 196
Leslie D. Tackett, M.D., and Anthony A. Caldamone, M.D.
50. Vesicoureteral Reflux........................................................................................... 201
Saul P. Greenfield, M.D.
51. Circumcision and Disorders of the Penis.............................................................. 206
Jacob C. Langer, M.D., and Douglas E. Coplen, M.D.
52. Testicular Problems and Varicoceles...................................................................... 209
Gail E. Besner, M.D.
53. Gynecologic Problems......................................................................................... 213
Kent Crickard, M.D.
X. TRAUMA
54. Trauma—General Approach................................................................................. 221
Chatt A. Johnson, M.D., RVT, MAJ MC USA,
Kenneth S. Azarow, M.D., LTC MC USA,
and Richard H. Pearl, M.D:
55. Neurosurgical Trauma and Cervical Spine Injuries.............................................. 224
William Olivero, M.D.
56. Thoracic Trauma................................................................................................... 227
Nikola K. Puffinbarger, M.D., and Steven Stylianos, M.D.
viii Contents
57. Abdominal Trauma............................................................................................... 230
Richard H. Pearl, M.D.
58. Genitourinary Trauma........................................................................................... 234
Churphena Reid, M.D.
59. Soft Tissue Injuries............................................................................................... 238
Holly L. Hedrick, M.D., and Perry W. Stafford', M.D.
60. Orthopedic Trauma and Sports Injury................................................................. 242
Carl R. St. Remy, M.D., William R. Puffinbarger, M.D.,
and David P. Roye, Jr., M.D.
61. Bums....................................'................................................................................ 246
Gail E. Besner, M.D.
62. Child Abuse........................................................................................................... 252
Paula Mazur, M.D.
63. Injury Prevention................................................................................................. 257
David E. Wesson, M.D.
XI TUMORS AND ONCOLOGY
64. Neuroblastoma..................................................................................................... 261
Michael P. La Quaglia, M.D.
65. Wilms’Tumor....................................................................................................... 265
Daniel M. Green, M.D.
66. Hepatic Tumors..................................................................................................... 268
Scott C. Boulanger, M.D., Ph.D., and Michael G. Caty, M.D.
67. Endocrine Tumors................................................................................................. 271
James D. Geiger, M.D.
68. Germ Cell Tumors............................................................................................... 275
David A. Rodeberg and Charles Paidas, M.D.
69. Miscellaneous Tumors......................................................................................... 280
Amanda J. McCabe, FRCS, and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
70. Pediatric Medical Oncology................................................................................. 286
Ashraf Abdel-Monem, M.D., and Sharon H. Smith, M.D.
XII. SPECIAL TOPICS
71. Pediatric Radiology............................................................................................. 291
David Martin, M.D., and James Backstrom, M.D.
72. Hemangiomas and Vascular Malformations.......................................................... 301
Steven J. Fishman, M.D.
73. Transplantation..................................................................................................... 303
Jorge Reyes, M.D.
14. Neonatology......................................................................................................... 308
Robert C. Dukarm, M.D.
75. Orthopedic Surgical Disease................................................................................. 324
Douglas G. Armstrong, M.D.
76. Neurosurgical Disease......................................................................................... 329
Veetai Li, M.D., and Mark S. Dias, M.D., FACS
11. Pediatric Endocrine Diseases............................................................................... 334
John G. Buchlis, M.D., Lou Ann Gartner, M.D.,
Jean-Claude Desmangles, M.D., and Margaret H. MacGillivray, M.D.
Contents ix
78. Pediatric Anesthesia............................................................................................. 349
James M. T. Foster, MBBS, FRCPC, Doron Feldman, M.D.,
and Christopher Heard, M.B., Ch.B., FRCA
79. Molecular Biology for the Pediatric Surgeon....................................................... 354
Scott C. Boulanger, M.D., Ph.D., Michael G. Caty, M.D.,
and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
80. Special Procedures............................................................................................... 359
R. Thomas Ross, M.D., and Mark C. Stovroff, M.D.
81. Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetal Therapy................................................................. 363
Amanda J. McCabe, FRCS, and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
82. Issues in Health Care Reform............................................................................... 370
Arvin I. Philippart, M.D.
83. How Do I Become a Pediatric Surgeon?............................................................. 374
Scott C. Boulanger, M.D., Ph.D., Michael G. Caty, M.D.,
and Philip L. Glick, M.D.
INDEX................................................................................................................................... 379