Pediatric Surgery, 2-Volume Set

1731 Pages·2012·180.52 MB·English

by  Arnold G. Coran

PEDIATRIC SURGERY
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PEDIATRIC
SURGERY
SEVENTH EDITION
EDITORINCHIEF ASSOCIATE EDITORS
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Arnold G. Coran, MD N. Scott Adzick, MD
EmeritusProfessor of Surgery Surgeon-in-Chief
Section ofPediatric Surgery The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
University of Michigan Medical School and C. Everett Koop Professor ofPediatric Surgery
C. S.MottChildren’s Hospital University ofPennsylvania SchoolofMedicine
Ann Arbor, Michigan Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor ofSurgery
Division of PediatricSurgery Thomas M. Krummel, MD
NewYorkUniversity Medical School
Emile Holman Professor and Chair
NewYork, NewYork
DepartmentofSurgery
StanfordUniversity School ofMedicine
Susan B. Ford Surgeon-in-Chief
Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital
Stanford,California
Jean-Martin Laberge, MD
Professor ofSurgery
McGill University
Attending Pediatric Surgeon
Montreal Children’s Hospital ofthe McGill University
HealthCentre
Montreal,Quebec,Canada
Robert C. Shamberger, MD
Chief ofSurgery
Children’s Hospital Boston
Robert E. Gross Professor ofSurgery
Harvard MedicalSchool
Boston, Massachusetts
Anthony A. Caldamone, MD
Professor ofSurgery (Urology) and Pediatrics
Brown University School of Medicine
Chief ofPediatric Urology
Hasbro Children’s Hospital
Providence, Rhode Island
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EMERITUS EDITORS
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Jay L. Grosfeld, MD James A. O’Neill, Jr., MD Eric W. Fonkalsrud, MD
Lafayette PageProfessor ofPediatric J. C. Foshee Distinguished Professor Emeritus Professor ofSurgery and
Surgery and Chair, Emeritus and Chairman, Emeritus Chief ofPediatric Surgery
Section ofPediatric Surgery Sectionof SurgicalSciences University ofCalifornia,Los Angeles
IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine Vanderbilt University Schoolof Los Angeles, California
Surgeon-in-Chief, Emeritus Medicine
Pediatric Surgery Nashville, Tennessee
Riley Children’s Hospital
Indianapolis,Indiana
1600JohnF.KennedyBlvd.
Ste1800
Philadelphia,PA19103–2899
PEDIATRICSURGERY ISBN:978-0-323-07255-7
Volume19996085473
Volume29996085538
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Pediatricsurgery.—7thed./editorinchief,ArnoldG.Coran;associateeditors,N.
ScottAdzick...[etal.].
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-323-07255-7(2vol.set:hardcover:alk.paper)
I.Coran,ArnoldG.,1938-II.Adzick,N.Scott.
[DNLM:1. SurgicalProcedures,Operative.2. Child.3. Infant. WO925]
617.9’8—dc23
2011045740
Editor:JudithFletcher
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About the Editors
ARNOLD G. CORAN, MD, is from the National Institutes of Health for more than 20 years
Emeritus Professor of Surgery at andhasauthoredmorethan550publications.Hewaselected
theC.S.MottChildren’sHospital totheInstituteofMedicineoftheNationalAcademyofScience
and the University of Michi- in1998.ScottandSandyAdzickhaveoneson.
gan Medical School. He was the
Chief of Pediatric Surgery and
the Surgeon-in-Chief at the C. S. ANTHONY A. CALDAMONE,
MottChildren’sHospitalandPro- MD, graduated from Brown
fessor of Pediatric Surgery at the University and Brown School of
University of Michigan Medical Medicine.Hewasthefirstgradu-
Schoolfrom1974to2006.Heis ate of the medical school to be-
alsocurrentlyProfessorofSurgery come full professor at the
in the Division of Pediatric Sur- institution. He did his residency
gery at New York University School of Medicine. He was one at the University of Rochester
oftheeditorsofthefifthandsixtheditionsofPediatricSurgery and completed his fellowship
and is the current Editorin Chief of this seventh edition. His under Dr. John W. Duckett at
expertise in pediatric surgery centers on complex esophageal The Children’s Hospital of Phila-
and colorectal diseases ininfants and children. He isthe past delphia.HeiscurrentlyProfessor
President of the American Pediatric Surgical Association and of Surgery (Urology) and Pediat-
the past Chairman of the Surgical Section of the American ricsandProgramDirectorfortheUrologyResidencyatBrown
Academy of Pediatrics. He has been married to Susan Coran UniversitySchoolofMedicineandChiefofPediatricUrologyat
for50yearsandhasthreechildrenandninegrandchildren. HasbroChildren’sHospitalinProvidence.
Dr.CaldamonehasservedasPresidentoftheNewEngland
SectionoftheAmericanUrologicalAssociation(AUA).Hehas
N. SCOTT ADZICK, MD, has alsoservedasSecretary-TreasurerandPresidentoftheSociety
served as the Surgeon-in-Chief for Pediatric Urology. He has been on several committees of
andDirectorofTheCenterforFe- theAUA including theSocio-Economic Committee, Publica-
tal Diagnosis and Treatment at tionsCommittee,andNominatingCommittee.Heiscurrently
The Children’s Hospital of ExecutiveSecretaryofthePediatricUrologyAdvisoryCouncil.
Philadelphia since 1995. He is Locally he has served as President of the Rhode Island Uro-
the C. Everett Koop Professor logical Society, as President of the Brown Medical Alumni
ofPediatricSurgeryattheUniver- Association, as Chairman of the Board of Directors of
sity of Pennsylvania School of Komedyplast Foundation, and as a member of the Board of
Medicine. Dr. Adzick was raised Regents ofLa Salle Academy.
in St. Louis, received his under- Dr.Caldamonehasbeenonseveralmedicalmissionstothe
graduate and medical degrees MiddleEast,SouthAmerica,andBangladeshandhasbeenon
from Harvard, and has a Master theBoardofDirectors ofPhysicians for Peace.
ofMedicalManagementdegreefromCarnegieMellonUniversity. He was one of the editors of the sixth edition of Pediatric
HewasasurgicalresidentattheMassachusettsGeneralHospital Surgery. He is currently an Editor for the Journal of Pediatric
andapediatricsurgeryfellowatBostonChildren’sHospital.His Urology and is Editor in Chief of the Dialogues in Pediatric
pediatricsurgicalexpertiseiscenteredonneonatalgeneraland Urology.
thoracicsurgery,withaparticularfocusonclinicalapplications Dr. Caldamone is married to Barbara Caldamone and has
of fetal diagnosis and therapy. He has received grant support twochildren, Amy andMatthew.
v
vi ABOUTTHEEDITORS
THOMAS M. KRUMMEL, MD, Ashcraft’sPediatricSurgery,TaussigandLandau’sPediatricRespi-
is the Emile Holman Professor ratoryMedicine,andPaediatricSurgery:AComprehensiveTextfor
and Chair of the Department of Africa.Hisresearchhasfocusedontheeffectsoffetaltracheal
Surgery at Stanford University occlusion to promote lung growth. His clinical interests in-
and the Susan B. Ford Surgeon- clude fetal diagnosis and treatment, congenital lung lesions,
in-Chief at Lucile Packard Chil- and anorectal malformations. He was President of the
dren’s Hospital. Dr. Krummel International Fetal Medicine and Surgery Society and is the
has served in leadership posi- immediate past President of the Canadian Association of
tions in the American College of Paediatric Surgeons (2009–2011). He has been married to
Surgeons,theAmericanPediatric Louise Caouette-Laberge, a pediatric plastic surgeon, for 34
Surgical Association, the Ameri- years and has four children and three grandchildren.
can Surgical Association, the
American Board of Surgery, and
the American Board of Pediatric Surgery. He has mentored
morethan150students,residents,andpostdoctoralscholars.
ROBERT C. SHAMBERGER,
He and his wife,Susie, have three children.
MD, is the Robert E. Gross Pro-
fessor of Surgery at Harvard
JEAN-MARTINLABERGE,MD, Medical School and is Chief of
Surgery at Children’s Hospital in
is Professor of Surgery at McGill
Boston.
University and surgeon at the
Montreal Children’s Hospital of Dr. Shamberger’s expertise in
the McGill University Health pediatric surgery centers on on-
Centre. He was the Director of cology, inflammatory bowel dis-
Pediatric Surgery at the Montreal ease, and chest wall deformities.
Children’s Hospital from 1996 He was Chair of the Surgical
to 2008 and Program Director Committee for the Pediatric On-
from 1994 to 2008. He is edito- cology Group and Children’s Oncology Group, as well as a
rial consultant for the Journal of member of the National Wilms’ Tumor Study Group. He is
Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric the current President of the American Pediatric Surgical
Surgery International and was Association and Chairman of the Section on Surgery of the
guest editor of two issues of Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. He American Academy of Pediatrics. He has been married to
hascontributedchapterstoseveraltextbooks,includingprevi- Kathy Shamberger for 39 years and has three children and
ous editions of Pediatric Surgery, Holcomb and Murphy’s one grandchild.
Contributors
MarkC. Adams, MD, FAAP Harry Applebaum, MD
ProfessorofUrologyandPediatrics AttendingPediatric Surgeon
VanderbiltUniversitySchool ofMedicine SouthernCalifornia Permanente Medical Group
Pediatric Urologist Clinical ProfessorofSurgery
Monroe CarellJr. Children’sHospitalat Vanderbilt David Geffen School ofMedicine
Nashville, Tennesee University ofCalifornia,Los Angeles
LosAngeles,California
Obinna O. Adibe, MD
Assistant ProfessorofSurgery MarjorieJ. Arca, MD
Assistant Professor in Pediatrics AssociateProfessor
DukeUniversity School ofMedicine Division ofPediatric Surgery
Durham, North Carolina MedicalCollegeof Wisconsin
Clinical Director
Jeremy Adler, MD,MSc PediatricSurgicalCriticalCare
Assistant Professor Children’s HospitalofWisconsin
Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases Milwaukee,Wisconsin
University ofMichigan
C. S. Mott Children’s Hospital Daniel C.Aronson, MD,PhD
Ann Arbor,Michigan President
International Society ofPaediatric SurgicalOncology
N.Scott Adzick, MD DepartmentofSurgery/Pediatric Surgery
Surgeon-in-Chief Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center
TheChildren’s Hospital ofPhiladelphia Nijmegen,TheNetherlands
C. Everett Koop Professorof Pediatric Surgery
University ofPennsylvania School ofMedicine Richard G.Azizkhan, MD, PhD
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Surgeon-in-Chief
Lester Martin ChairofPediatricSurgery
Craig T.Albanese, MD PediatricSurgicalServices
ProfessorofSurgery CincinnatiChildren’s Hospital MedicalCenter
Pediatrics and Obstetrics andGynecology ProfessorofSurgeryand Pediatrics
Chief,Division ofPediatric Surgery University ofCincinnati CollegeofMedicine
Department ofSurgery Cincinnati,Ohio
StanfordHospital andClinics, StanfordMedicine
JohnA.and CynthiaFry Gunn Robert Baird, MD CM, MSc,FRCSC
DirectorofSurgicalServices AssistantProfessorofSurgery
Lucile PackardChildren’s HospitalatStanford PediatricGeneralSurgery
Palo Alto, California Montreal Children’sHospital
McGill University
WalterS. Andrews, MD Montreal, Quebec,Canada
ProfessorofPediatric Surgery
Department ofSurgery Sean Barnett, MD, MS
University ofMissouriatKansas City AssistantProfessorofSurgery
DirectorofRenalLiverIntestinal Pediatric Transplantation Division ofPediatric Generaland ThoracicSurgery
Programs CincinnatiChildren’s Hospital MedicalCenter
Department ofGeneralSurgery Cincinnati,Ohio
Children’s MercyHospital
Kansas City,Missouri
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Douglas C. Barnhart,MD, MSPH John W. Brock III,MD
Associate Professor Professorand Director
DepartmentofSurgeryand Pediatrics Division ofPediatric Urology
University ofUtah Vanderbilt University
Attending Surgeon Surgeon-in-Chief
Primary Children’sMedical Center MonroeCarell Jr.Children’s Hospital atVanderbilt
Salt Lake City, Utah Nashville, Tennesee
Katherine A.Barsness, MD Rebeccah L. Brown, MD
Assistant ProfessorofSurgery AssociateProfessorofClincal SurgeryandPediatrics
Division ofPediatricSurgery Departmentof Pediatric Surgery
NorthwesternUniversity Cincinnati Children’s Hospital MedicalCenter
FeinbergSchool ofMedicine AssociateDirectorofTraumaServices
Attending Physician Departmentof Trauma Services
Division ofPediatricSurgery AssociateProfessorofSurgery
Children’s Memorial Hospital Departmentof Surgery
Chicago, Illinois UniversityofCincinnati Hospital
Cincinnati,Ohio
RobertH. Bartlett, MD
Professor Emeritus ofSurgery Imad F. Btaiche, PhD, BCNSP
University ofMichigan Medical School Clinical Associate Professor
Ann Arbor,Michigan Departmentof Clinical Socialand Administrative Sciences
UniversityofMichiganCollege ofPharmacy
Laurence S.Baskin, MD
Clinical Pharmacist, Surgeryand Nutrition Support
Professor andChief,Pediatric Urology
ProgramDirector,CriticalCareResidency
DepartmentsofUrologyand Pediatrics
UniversityofMichiganHospitalsand Health Centers
University ofCalifornia,San Francisco
AnnArbor,Michigan
San Francisco,California
Ronald W. Busuttil,MD, PhD
Spencer W. Beasley, MB ChB, MS, FRACS
DistinguishedProfessorand Executive Chairman
Professor andClinical Director
UCLA Department ofSurgery
DepartmentofPediatric Surgery
David GeffenSchool ofMedicine
ChristchurchHospital
UniversityofCalifornia, LosAngeles
Professor
LosAngeles, California
DepartmentofSurgery
ChristchurchSchool of MedicineandHealth Sciences
AnthonyA. Caldamone, MD
University ofOtago
ProfessorofSurgery(Urology)and Pediatrics
Christchurch,New Zealand
BrownUniversity School ofMedicine
Chief ofPediatric Urology
Michael L. Bentz, MD
HasbroChildren’s Hospital
Professor andChairman
Providence,Rhode Island
University ofWisconsin Plastic Surgery
University ofWisconsin-Madison
Donna A. Caniano, MD
Madison, Wisconsin
ProfessorofSurgeryand Pediatrics
Deborah F. Billmire, MD Departmentof Surgery
Professor Ohio State UniversityCollege ofMedicine
DepartmentofSurgery Surgeon-in-Chief
Section ofPediatric Surgery Nationwide Children’sHospital
Indiana University Columbus, Ohio
Indianapolis, Indiana
MichaelG. Caty, MD
Scott C.Boulanger, MD, PhD John E. Fisher ProfessorofPediatric Surgery
Assistant ProfessorofSurgery Departmentof Pediatric SurgicalServices
Division ofPediatricSurgery Womenand Children’s Hospital ofBuffalo
Case WesternReserve UniversitySchool ofMedicine ProfessorofSurgeryand Pediatrics
Cleveland, Ohio Departmentof Surgery
State UniversityofNew York atBuffalo
MaryL. Brandt, MD Buffalo,New York
Professor andViceChair
Michael E. DeBakey Departmentof Surgery
Baylor College ofMedicine
Houston, Texas
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Christophe Chardot,MD, PhD Charles S. Cox, Jr., MD
Professor TheChildren’sFundDistinguishedProfessorofPediatricSurgery
Universite Rene Descartes PediatricSurgery
Pediatric SurgeryUnit University ofTexas MedicalSchool atHouston
HopitalNeckerEnfantsMalades Houston, Texas
Paris,France
Melvin S. Dassinger III,MD
Dai H. Chung, MD AssistantProfessorofSurgery
Professor andChairman DepartmentofPediatric Surgery
Janie Robinson andJohnMoore Lee EndowedChair University ofArkansas for Medical Sciences
Pediatric Surgery Little Rock, Arkansas
VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter
Nashville, Tennessee Andrew M. Davidoff, MD
Chairman
RobertE. Cilley, MD DepartmentofSurgery
ProfessorofSurgeryand Pediatrics St. Jude Children’s ResearchHospital
Department ofSurgery Memphis,Tennessee
PennState CollegeofMedicine
Hershey,Pennsylvania Richard S.Davidson, MD
Division ofOrthopedics
NadjaC. Colon,MD The Children’sHospitalof Philadelphia
SurgicalResearchFellow Philadelphia,Pennsylvania
Pediatric Surgery
VanderbiltUniversityMedicalCenter Paolo De Coppi, MD,PhD
Nashville, Tennesee Clinical Senior Lecturer
SurgeryUnit
Paul M. Columbani, MD University College ofLondon InstituteofChild Health
RobertGarrett ProfessorofSurgery London,United Kingdom
Department ofSurgery
TheJohns Hopkins University School of Medicine Bryan J. Dicken, MD, MSc, FRCSC
Pediatric Surgeonin Charge AssistantProfessorofSurgery
TheJohns Hopkins Hospital PediatricSurgery
Baltimore, Maryland University ofAlberta
Stollery Children’s Hospital
Arnold G.Coran, MD Alberta,British Columbia, Canada
Emeritus ProfessorofSurgery
Section of PediatricSurgery William Didelot, MD
University ofMichigan Medical School and C.S. Mott Vice Chairman, Orthopedic Section
Children’s Hospital PediatricOrthopedics
Ann Arbor,Michigan Peyton ManningChildren’s Hospital
ProfessorofSurgery Indianapolis, Indiana
Division ofPediatric Surgery
New York University MedicalSchool John W. DiFiore, MD
New York, New York Clinical AssistantProfessorofSurgery
CaseSchool ofMedicine
RobinT. Cotton,MD, FACS,FRCS(C) StaffPediatric Surgeon
Director Children’s HospitalatCleveland Clinic
Pediatric Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Cleveland, Ohio
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
Professor Patrick A.Dillon, MD
Department ofOtolaryngology AssociateProfessorofSurgery
University ofCincinnati College ofMedicine DepartmentofSurgery
Cincinnati, Ohio Division ofPediatric Surgery
Washington University School of Medicine
RobertA. Cowles, MD St. Louis, Missouri
Assistant Professor
Department ofSurgery Peter W. Dillon, MD
ColumbiaUniversityCollege ofPhysicians and Surgeons Chair, DepartmentofSurgery
Assistant AttendingSurgeon John A. and Marian T.WaldhausenProfessorofSurgery
Department ofSurgery The Pennsylvania State UniversityCollege ofMedicine
MorganStanleyChildren’sHospitalofNewYork–Presbyterian Hershey, Pennsylvania
New York, New York