Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Expert Consult - Online and Print, Fourth Edition

1123 Pages·2010·107.83 MB·English

by  Robert Wyllie MD

FOURTH EDITION
Editors
Robert Wyllie, MD
Calabrese Chair and Professor, Lerner College of Medicine
Chair, Pediatric Institute
Physician-in-Chief, Children’s Hospital
Cleveland Clinic
Vice Chair, Office of Professional Staff Affairs
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
Jeffrey S. Hyams, MD
Head, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition
Connecticut Children’s Medical Center
Hartford, Connecticut
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Farmington, Connecticut
Associate Editor
Marsha Kay, MD
Director, Pediatric Endoscopy
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Children’s Hospital
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
PEDIATRIC GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER DISEASE, FOURTH EDITION  ISBN: 978-1-4377-0774-8
Copyright © 2011, 2006, 1999, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 23: Achalasia and Other Motor Disorders: Colin D. Rudolph retains  
copyright to his original illustrations, tables, and figures.
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Notices
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pediatric gastrointestinal and liver disease/editors, Robert Wyllie, Jeffrey S. Hyams; 
associate editor Marsha Kay.—4th ed.
    p. ; cm.
  Includes bibliographical references and index.
  ISBN 978-1-4377-0774-8 (hardcover : alk. paper)  1.  Pediatric gastroenterology. 2.   
Gastrointestinal  system—Diseases.  I. Wyllie, R. (Robert) II. Hyams, Jeffrey S. III. Kay, 
Marsha.
  [DNLM: 1.  Digestive System Diseases. 2.  Adolescent. 3.  Child. 4.  Infant.  WS 310]
  RJ446.P44 2011
  618.92'33—dc22
Acquisitions Editor: Kate Dimock
Developmental Editor: Taylor Ball
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Team Manager: Radhika Pallamparthy
Project Managers: Claire Kramer, Jayavel Radhakrishnan
Designer: Ellen Zanolle
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1
To my dance partner and wife, Dr. Elaine Wyllie.
RW
To Eli, Alexander, and Debra.
JH
To my family and dear friends.
MK

Contributors
H. Hesham A-Kader, MD, MSc Salvatore Auricchio, MD
Professor of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology,   Department of Pediatrics
and Nutrition Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
Department of Pediatrics Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II
University of Arizona Naples
Tucson, Arizona ITALY
USA
Robert D. Baker, MD, PhD
Sabina Ali, MD Professor of Pediatrics
Pediatric Gastroenterology State University of New York at Buffalo
Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland Buffalo, New York
Oakland, California USA
USA
Susan S. Baker, MD, PhD
Naim Alkhouri, MD Professor of Pediatrics
Staff Physician Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Center
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition State University of New York at Buffalo
Cleveland Clinic Buffalo, New York
Cleveland, Ohio USA
USA
Todd H. Baron, MD
Estella M. Alonso, MD Professor of Medicine
Professor of Pediatrics Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Northwestern University Mayo Clinic
Feinberg School of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota
Siragusa Transplant Center USA
Children’s Memorial Hospital
Chicago, Illinois Brad Barth, MD, MPH
USA Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
Rana Ammoury, MD University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Dallas, Texas
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,   USA
and Nutrition
The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center Dorsey M. Bass, MD
Tucson, Arizona Associate Professor
USA Department of Pediatrics
Stanford University School of Medicine
Marjorie J. Arca, MD Stanford, California
Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics USA
Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Critical Care
Medical College of Wisconsin Phyllis R. Bishop, MD
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Professor of Pediatrics
Milwaukee, Wisconsin Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology
USA University of Mississippi Medical Center
Jackson, Mississippi
Arthur B. Atlas, MD USA
Director
Respiratory Center for Children Samra S. Blanchard, MD
Goryeb Children’s Hospital  Associate Professor
Atlantic Health  University of Maryland
Morristown, New Jersey  School of Medicine
Assistant Professor University of Maryland Medical Center
Deptartment of  Pediatrics Baltimore, Maryland
University of Medicine and Dentistry (UMDNJ) USA
Newark, New Jersey
USA
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Athos Bousvaros, MD, MPH Louisa W. Chiu, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics General Surgery Resident
Harvard Medical School Department of General Surgery
Associate Director Cleveland Clinic
Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Cleveland, Ohio
Children’s Hospital USA
Boston, Massachusetts
USA Dennis L. Christie, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
John T. Boyle, MD University of Washington
Attending Physician Head
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Children’s Regional Hospital and Medical Center
Academic Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Seattle, Washington
Department of Pediatrics USA
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Gail M. Cohen, MD, MS
USA Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Steven W. Bruch, MD, MSc Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Clinical Assistant Professor USA
Department of Pediatric Surgery
C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital Mitchell B. Cohen, MD
University of Michigan Professor and Vice-Chair of Pediatrics 
Ann Arbor, Michigan  Director, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
USA Department of Pediatrics
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Brendan T. Campbell, MD, MPH Cincinnati, Ohio
Assistant Professor of Surgery USA
Department of Pediatric Surgery
Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Stanley A. Cohen, MD
University of Connecticut School of Medicine Pediatric Gastroenterologist
Hartford, Connecticut Children’s Center for Digestive Health Care
USA Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
Adjunct Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
Anthony Capizzani, MD Emory University School of Medicine
Lecturer Atlanta, Georgia
Department of Surgery USA
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan Claudia Conkin, MS, RD, LD
USA Director, Food and Nutrition Services
Texas Children’s Hospital
Christine Carter-Kent, MD Houston, Texas
Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics USA
Associate Staff Physician
Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Arnold G. Coran, MD, AB
Pediatric Institute and Children’s Hospital Professor of Pediatric Surgery
Cleveland Clinic Section of Pediatric Surgery
Cleveland, Ohio University of Michigan Medical School
USA Ann Arbor, Michigan 
USA
Michael G. Caty, MD
John E. Fisher Professor of Pediatric Surgery Laura L. Cushman, BS, MS
Surgeon-in-Chief Research Associate
Department of Pediatric Surgical Services Division of Pediatric Clinical Research
Women and Children’s Hospital of Buffalo University of Miami
Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics Miami, Florida
Department of Surgery USA
State University of New York at Buffalo
Buffalo, New York
USA
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Steven J. Czinn, MD Mounif El-Youssef, MD
Professor and Chair Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics Mayo College of Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine Consultant
Baltimore, Maryland Gastroenterology and Hepatology
USA Department of Pediatrics
Mayo Clinic
David Devadason, MB, BS, MRCP(UK) Rochester, Minnesota
Paediatric Gastroenterologist and Honorary Senior Lecturer USA
Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh University Karan McBride Emerick, MD, MSCI
Edinburgh Associate Professor of Pediatrics
UK Department of Pediatrics
University of Connecticut School of Medicine
Carlo Di Lorenzo, MD Farmington, Connecticut
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Director of the Liver Disease Center
The Ohio State University Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition
Chief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Connecticut Children’s Medical Center
Nationwide Children’s Hospital Hartford, Connecticut
Columbus, Ohio USA
USA
Jonathan Evans, MD
Ranjan Dohil, MBBCh, MRCP(UK), MRCPCH, DCH(UK) Attending Physician
Professor of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
University of California and Rady Children’s Hospital   Nemours Children’s Clinic
and Health Center Jacksonville, Florida
San Diego, California USA
USA
Rima Fawaz, MD
Maryanne L. Dokler, MD Instructor in Pediatrics
Pediatric Surgeon Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Nemours Children’s Clinic Children’s Hospital Boston
Courtesy Associate Professor Harvard Medical School
University of Florida/College of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
Jacksonville, Florida USA
USA
Ariel E. Feldstein, MD
Marla Dubinsky, MD Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Cleveland Clinic
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio
Los Angeles, California USA
USA
Laura S. Finn, MD
Bijan Eghtesad, MD Associate Professor
Staff Surgeon Department of Pathology
Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary/Liver Transplant  University of Washington
Surgery Seattle Children’s Hospital
Cleveland Clinic  Seattle, Washington
Cleveland, Ohio USA
USA
Douglas S. Fishman, MD
Peter F. Ehrlich, MD, MSC Director of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Associate Professor Texas Children’s Hospital
Department of Pediatric Surgery Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of Michigan  Baylor College of Medicine
C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital Houston, Texas
Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
USA