Pediatric Fitness: Secular Trends and Geographic Variability (Medicine and Sport Science)

257 Pages·2007·1.22 MB·English

by  G. R. Tomkinson and T. S. Olds (Editors)

Pediatric Fitness
Medicine and Sport Science
Vol. 50
Series Editors
J. Borms,Brussels
M. Hebbelinck,Brussels
A.P. Hills,Brisbane
Pediatric Fitness
Secular Trends and Geographic Variability
Volume Editors
Grant R. Tomkinson,Adelaide
Timothy S. Olds,Adelaide
49 figures, and 39 tables, 2007
Basel·Freiburg·Paris·London·New York·
Bangalore·Bangkok·Singapore·Tokyo·Sydney
Medicine and Sport Science
Founder and Editor from 1969 to 1984: E. Jokl†, Lexington, Ky.
Dr. Grant R. Tomkinson Prof. Timothy S. Olds
Centre for Applied Anthropometry Nutritional Physiology Research Centre
School of Health Sciences School of Health Science
University of South Australia University of South Australia
City East Campus City East Campus
GPO Box 2471 GPO Box 2471
Adelaide SA 5001 (Australia) Adelaide SA 5001 (Australia)
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Printed in Switzerland on acid-free paper by Reinhardt Druck, Basel
ISSN 0254–5020
ISBN 978–3–8055–8177–6
Contents
VII Foreword
Doll-Tepper, G. (Berlin)
VIII Contributors
1 Introduction
Tomkinson, G.R.; Olds, T.S. (Adelaide)
5 Aerobic Fitness: What Are We Measuring?
Armstrong, N.; Welsman, J.R. (Exeter)
26 Anaerobic Fitness Tests: What Are We Measuring?
Van Praagh, E. (Aubière)
46 Secular Changes in Pediatric Aerobic Fitness
Test Performance: The Global Picture
Tomkinson, G.R.; Olds, T.S. (Adelaide)
67 Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents in the
United States: Status and Secular Change
Malina, R.M. (Stephenville, Tex.)
91 Fitness of Canadian Children: Range from Traditional Inuit to
Sedentary City Dwellers, and Assessment of Secular Changes
Shephard, R.J. (Toronto, Ont.)
V
104 Who Are the Eurofittest?
Tomkinson, G.R.; Olds, T.S. (Adelaide); Borms, J. (Brussels)
129 Changes in Eurofit Test Performance of Estonian and Lithuanian
Children and Adolescents (1992–2002)
Jürimäe, T. (Tartu); Volbekiene, V. (Kaunas); Jürimäe, J. (Tartu);
Tomkinson, G.R. (Adelaide)
143 Evolution and Variability in Fitness Test Performance of
Asian Children and Adolescents
Macfarlane, D.J. (Hong Kong); Tomkinson, G.R. (Adelaide)
168 Secular Changes in Aerobic Fitness Test Performance of
Australasian Children and Adolescents
Tomkinson, G.R.; Olds, T.S. (Adelaide)
183 Prevalence, Trends and Environmental Influences on
Child and Youth Physical Activity
Salmon, J.; Timperio, A. (Burwood)
200 Evolution of Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Children
Rowland, T.W. (Springfield, Mass.)
210 Distributional Changes in the Performance of Australian
Children on Tests of Cardiorespiratory Endurance
Dollman, J.; Olds, T.S. (Adelaide)
226 Declines in Aerobic Fitness: Are They Only Due to Increasing Fatness?
Olds, T.S.; Ridley, K.; Tomkinson, G.R. (Adelaide)
241 Subject Index
Contents VI
Foreword
In the conduct of scientific research, the testing of a theory often generates
additional questions or identifies gaps in information that require further study.
Research into the fitness of young people has been no exception. If fitness of
children is declining, why is it doing so? when did it start happening? are they
still fit enough? and for practical purposes, what can we do about it?
Pediatric Fitness – Secular Trends and Geographic Variability provides us
with a comprehensive, worldwide overview of changes in children’s fitness
levels over previous decades and while the volume does not aim to provide an
answer for what can be done about declining levels, it is thorough in its compi-
lation of international data, which paints a very apparent picture.
Given the current international spotlight on overweight and obesity, this
book will contribute greatly to the evidence base and the argument surrounding
the impact that physical activity, or inactivity, has. Policy makers, practitioners,
providers and even parents, will benefit from the information presented as it
can be used as a tool for advocacy and support.
I, as President of the International Council of Sport Science and Physical
Education (ICSSPE), commend the authors and editors for compiling such an
extensive body of research which can support future decision-making
processes. ICSSPE welcomes and encourages the sharing of research, seeing it
as a vital component of development of all aspects of sport, sport science and
physical education.
Gudrun Doll-Tepper
ICSSPE President
VII
Contributors
Contributors
Neil Armstrong Duncan Macfarlane
University of Exeter, Exeter (UK) University of Hong Kong,
[email protected] Hong Kong (Hong Kong)
[email protected]
Jan Borms
Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels Robert Malina
(Belgium) Tarleton State University, Bay City,
[email protected] Tex. (USA)
[email protected]
James Dollman
University of South Australia, Timothy Olds
Adelaide (Australia) University of South Australia,
[email protected] Adelaide (Australia)
[email protected]
Jaak Jürimäe
University of Tartu, Tartu (Estonia) Kate Ridley
[email protected] Flinders University, Adelaide
(Australia)
Toivo Jürimäe [email protected]
University of Tartu, Tartu (Estonia)
[email protected] Thomas Rowland
Bay State Medical Center, Bay City,
Tex. (USA)
[email protected]
VIII
Jo Salmon Emmanuel Van Praagh
Deakin University, Burwood Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière
(Australia) (France)
[email protected] [email protected]
Roy Shephard Vida Volbekiene
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Lithuanian Academy of Physical
(Canada) Education, Kaunas (Lithuania)
[email protected] [email protected]
Anna Timperio Joanne Welsman
Deakin University, Burwood, University of Exeter, Exeter (UK)
(Australia) [email protected]
[email protected]
Grant Tomkinson
University of South Australia,
Adelaide (Australia)
[email protected]
Referees
The chapters in this volume have undergone peer review by an international
expert committee consisting of the following members:
Lars Bo Andersen, Oslo Sang-Jo Kang, Seoul
Neil Armstrong, Exeter Luc Léger, Montreal, Qué.
Georges Baquet, Lille Duncan Macfarlane, Hong Kong
Michael Beets, Corvallis, Oreg. Robert Malina, Stephenville, Tex.
Cora Craig, Toronto, Ont. Geraldine Naughton, Sydney
David Docherty, Victoria, B.C. Timothy Olds, Adelaide
James Dollman, Adelaide Kate Ridley, Adelaide
Robert Duffield, Bathurst Thomas Rowland, Springfield, Mass.
Frank Fu, Hong Kong Ann Rowlands, Exeter
Michael Hamlin, Christchurch Grant Tomkinson, Adelaide
Beth Hands, Fremantle Niels Wedderkopp, Ringe
Contributors IX