Pediatric Critical Care Review

169 Pages·2006·1.195 MB·English

by  Rashed A. Hasan MD, Michael D. Pappas MD (eds.)

PEDIATRIC
Critical Care Review
Edited by
Rashed A. Hasan,
MD
Michael D. Pappas
MD
P C C R
EDIATRIC RITICAL ARE EVIEW
P C C R
EDIATRIC RITICAL ARE EVIEW
Edited by
R A. H ,
ASHED ASAN MD
Boston Children's Hospital
Department of Medicine
Harvard University Medical School
Boston, MA
M D. P ,
ICHAEL APPAS MD
Children's Intensive Caring
and Department of Pediatrics
Medical University of Ohio
Toledo, OH
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the publisher.
Due diligence has been taken by the publishers, editors, and authors of this book to assure the accuracy of the information published and
to describe generally accepted practices. The contributors herein have carefully checked to ensure that the drug selections and dosages set
forth in this text are accurate and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. Notwithstanding, as new research, changes
in government regulations, and knowledge from clinical experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occurs, the reader
is advised to check the product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug for any change in dosages or for additional warnings
and contraindications. This is of utmost importance when the recommended drug herein is a new or infrequently used drug. It is the
responsibility of the treating physician to determine dosages and treatment strategies for individual patients. Further it is the responsibility
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Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
eISBN: 1-59745-105-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pediatric critical care review / edited by Rashed A. Hasan, Michael D. Pappas.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 1-58829-829-9 (alk. paper)
1. Pediatric intensive care--Examinations, questions, etc.
[DNLM: 1. Critical Care--Examination Questions. 2. Child. WS
18.2 P36993 2006] I. Hasan, Rashed A. II. Pappas, Michael D.
RJ370.P422 2006
618.92'0028076--dc22
2005034068
D
EDICATION
This book is dedicated to the happiness, health, and welfare of all children.
v
P
REFACE
Thank you for selecting Pediatric Critical Care Review. This study guide is not intended to be a substitute for
major textbooks or leading articles in pediatric critical care medicine, nor is it meant to replace bedside clinical
medicine where knowledge is integrated with exciting and challenging realities.
It is our hope that students and physicians in training will find the pathophysiological foundation of the case
scenarios and questions a useful guide in their learning process. Additionally, we hope that these case scenarios and
questions will be interesting and challenging enough for the experienced critical care clinician who would like to
sharpen his or her clinical skills, case analyses, and decision-making abilities.
In Pediatric Critical Care Review, you will find questions relevant to current clinical practices. We have also
included in-depth, detailed explanations and points of reference in the answer section.
We welcome your comments and criticisms regarding Pediatric Critical Care Review.
Rashed A. Hasan, MD
Michael D. Pappas, MD
vii
A
CKNOWLEDGMENT
We wish to recognize Ms. Julie Hall, who has been instrumental in the development and completion of this book.
She has functioned as a transcriber, artist, diplomat, and coordinator, bringing this endeavor to completion. Julie is
a true example of hard work and commitment. Thank you, Julie.
ix
C
ONTENTS
Dedication ................................................................................................................................................................. v
Preface.....................................................................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgment ..................................................................................................................................................... ix
Contributors............................................................................................................................................................xiii
Companion CD....................................................................................................................................................... xiv
Chapter 1. Respiratory System.......................................................................................................................... 1
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 101
Chapter 2. Cardiovascular System.................................................................................................................. 23
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 115
Chapter 3. Central Nervous System................................................................................................................ 33
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 119
Chapter 4. Infectious Diseases........................................................................................................................ 43
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 123
Chapter 5. Hematology and Oncology............................................................................................................ 51
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 129
Chapter 6. Renal System ................................................................................................................................. 55
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 132
Chapter 7. Endocrine System.......................................................................................................................... 59
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 134
Chapter 8. Nutrition and the Gastrointestinal System.................................................................................... 63
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 136
Chapter 9. Immunology................................................................................................................................... 69
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 140
Chapter 10. Metabolic Disorders ...................................................................................................................... 73
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 144
Chapter 11. Pain Management .......................................................................................................................... 75
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 146
Chapter 12. Pharmacology and Toxicology...................................................................................................... 79
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 148
Chapter 13. Traumatology................................................................................................................................. 89
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 155
Chapter 14. Statistics......................................................................................................................................... 97
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 161
Chapter 15. Ethics.............................................................................................................................................. 99
Answers.................................................................................................................................... 162
Selected References .............................................................................................................................................. 163
xi
C
ONTRIBUTORS
The following contributed to the gathering of information for this volume.
KIMBERLY E. FENTON,MD • Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Medical Center;
and The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
VIPUL V. PATEL,MD • Medical Director, Pediatric Critical Care, Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH
ANTHONY D. SLONIM,MD • Fellowship Director and Pediatric Intensivist, Children's National Medical Center;
and the Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, The George Washington University School
of Medicine, Washington, DC
MARK SORRENTINO,MD • Director of Medical Sciences, MedImmune Inc.; and Department of Pediatrics,
The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
GLENN STRYJEWSKI,MD • Department of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Medical Center;
and the Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
xiii