Pediatric Board Study Guide: A Last Minute Review

1181 Pages·2020·36.674 MB·English

by  Osama I. Naga

Osama I. Naga
Editor
Pediatric Board
Study Guide
A Last Minute Review
Second Edition
123
Pediatric Board Study Guide
Osama I. Naga
Editor
Pediatric Board Study Guide
A Last Minute Review
Second Edition
Editor
Osama I. Naga, MD
Department of Pediatrics
Paul L. Foster School of Medicine
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
El Paso, TX
USA
ISBN 978-3-030-21266-7 ISBN 978-3-030-21267-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21267-4
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction
on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,
computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not
imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed
to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty,
expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been
made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
I owe my deepest gratitude to the contributors whose expertise
helped bring this pediatric resource to life.
To all the pediatricians who keep on learning for the sake
of the children!
Preface
The Pediatric Board Study Guide: A Last Minute Review provides the core material needed to
pass the General Pediatrics Certifying Examination by the American Board of Pediatrics
(ABP) and to meet the requirements required for the ABP Maintenance of Certification. This
book contains a total of 33 chapters; the first 31 chapters discuss all aspects of pediatric medi-
cine and are all updated according to the most recent content specifications provided by the
ABP. Chapter 32 reviews common pediatric radiology cases, while Chapter 33, the final chap-
ter, consists of high-yield last minute review cases.
The second edition is notably more comprehensive and detailed than the first. Improvements
over the previous edition include more illustrations and added chapters. Each chapter has been
either written or reviewed by an expert in that specific field from a top academic institution in
the United States. New chapters include Sports Medicine, Nutrition, Fluids and Electrolytes,
Ethics, Patient Safety and Quality Improvement, and Pharmacology. Finally, to make the chap-
ters even more incisive, “Pearls and Pitfalls” have been added at the end of each chapter.
The 80 clinical case scenarios in the Radiology Review (Chap. 32), with its distinct images
and radiological findings, should not only improve exam performance but also help the general
pediatrician to identify common radiological findings.
The final chapter, Last Minute Review, has been expanded in this new edition. These high-
yield cases are arranged in the same sequence as the book chapters and placed in a way that
allows the reader to discriminate among diseases and conditions, helping the test taker to dis-
tinguish between similar presenting cases on the exam. The final chapter allows the reader to
review in the shortest time possible more than 1700 critical facts for the pediatric board exam,
making it the ideal resource for the week prior to the exam.
This book is of particular interest to pediatricians, fellows, pediatric subspecialists prepar-
ing for the board examination or certification maintenance, pediatric residents preparing for
the in-service exam, daily rounds, and real-life clinical encounters.
About the ABP board-certifying exam
• The board exam is offered once a year, usually in October.
• The exam consists of four sections.
• There is a total of 330–350 multiple-choice questions with normally five answer choices for
each question.
• There are currently four sections with each section lasting 105 minutes. There is a 15-m inute
break between the first two sections.
• After the second section, there is a 60-minute lunch break.
• There is another 15-minute break between section 3 and section 4
• The exam is scored from 0 to 300 with 180 being a passing score.
How to study for the ABP board-certifying exam
• Read the text of the Pediatric Board Study Guide: A Last Minute Review thoroughly mul-
tiple times throughout your residency.
• Chapters can be read sequentially or can be read in conjunction with a rotation.
vii
viii Preface
• For example, a resident doing a 1-month pediatric cardiology rotation could usefully read
in Chap. 19, Cardiology.
• After finishing a chapter, turn to Chap. 33 to review the Last Minute Review cases for that
particular specialty.
• Make sure to study the most recent self-assessment curricula of the Pediatric Review and
Education Program (PREP): https://shop.aap.org/professional-education/self-assessments.
• Simulate the test-taking experience by answering timed questions.
• Read the critiques/explanations after each question, including the PREP Pearls at the end of
each question.
• Read the new articles in Pediatrics in Review and answer their CME questions.
• Two to three months before the exam, read the Pediatric Board Study Guide one more time.
• One week before the exam, read for one final time Chap. 33, the Last Minute Review.
• Rest at least 24 hours before the exam.
The day of the exam
• Have a good breakfast.
• Arrive early to the testing center.
• Make sure to have all the documents with you (ID, exam ticket, etc.).
• Make sure to dress appropriately; sometimes the testing room may be cold.
• During the exam, make sure to answer all questions. Do not leave any question unanswered
even if you do not know the answer. There is no penalty for guessing.
• Pace yourself: once the time has expired in a section, you cannot go back.
El Paso, TX, USA Osama Naga
Contents
1 General Pediatrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Osama I. Naga
2 Neonatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Mamta Fuloria
3 Adolescent Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Jessica Addison
4 Genetic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Golder N. Wilson, Osama I. Naga, and Vijay S. Tonk
5 Metabolic Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Osama I. Naga
6 Mental and Behavioral Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Mohamed Hamdy Ataalla
7 Emergency Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Jo-Ann O. Nesiama, Jennifer McConnell, and Kenneth Yen
8 Critical Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Manpreet K. Virk and M. Hossein Tcharmtchi
9 Infectious Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Matthew B. Laurens
10 Hematology/Oncology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Arpan A. Sinha, Scott Moerdler, Ellen Fraint, Adit Tal, Nora E. Rahmani, and
Kerry Morrone
11 Allergy and Immunology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Maria I. Garcia Lloret and Caroline Y. Kuo
12 Endocrinology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Amr Morsi
13 Orthopedics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
Amr Abdelgawad and Marwa Abdou
14 Sports Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Daniel Murphy
15 Rheumatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Amanda G. Brown, William Blaine Lapin, Andrea A. Ramirez, and Jennifer L.
Rammel
16 Neurology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Ivet Hartonian, Jong W. Yoo, and Jason T. Lerner
ix
x Contents
17 Ophthalmology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Kyle E. Miller and Shira L. Robbins
18 Ear, Nose, and Throat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
Kara D. Meister and Anna H. Messner
19 Cardiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
Grace Kung, Allison Hill, and Jennifer Su
20 Pulmonology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Tanya Martínez-Fernández, Yadira Rivera-Sánchez, and Preeti Sharma
21 Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731
Susan S. Baker
22 Gastroenterology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Robert D. Baker
23 Nephrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
Beatrice Goilav
24 Fluids and Electrolytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825
Benjamin Steinman and Beatrice Goilav
25 Urology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
Catherine J. Chen and Micah A. Jacobs
26 Dermatology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855
Megan Craddock and Jennifer Ruth
27 Psychosocial Issues and Child Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
Sitratullah O. Kukoyi-Maiyegun
28 Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
Marwa Abdou
29 Research and Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Sitratullah O. Kukoyi-Maiyegun
30 Patient Safety and Quality Improvement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921
Osama I. Naga
31 Pharmacology and Pain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
Osama I. Naga
32 Radiology Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947
Wendy G. Kim and Michael George
33 Last-Minute Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1015
Osama I. Naga
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1137
Editor
Osama I. Naga, MD Department of Pediatrics, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas
Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
xi