Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: A Clinical Guide

385 Pages·2013·3.74 MB·English

by  Catherine A. Hartley

Current Clinical Psychiatry
Series Editor: Jerrold F. Rosenbaum
Roma A. Vasa
Amy Krain Roy Editors
Pediatric Anxiety
Disorders
A Clinical Guide
Current Clinical Psychiatry
Series Editor
Jerrold F. Rosenbaum, MD
For further volumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/7634

Roma A. Vasa • Amy Krain Roy

Editors
Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
A Clinical Guide
Editors
Roma A. Vasa Amy Krain Roy
Director of Education and Training Fordham University
Kennedy Krieger Institute Bronx , NY , USA
Baltimore , MD, USA
ISBN 978-1-4614-6598-0 ISBN 978-1-4614-6599-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-6599-7
Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013935498
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Preface
Over the past decade, signi fi cant advances in research methodology have stimulated dramatic prog-
ress in the fi eld of child psychiatry in general and pediatric anxiety disorders, more speci fi cally.
Advances in neuroimaging, developmental and affective neuroscience, and genetics have provided
a solid foundation for the development of novel etiological models that are now being tested. Further,
the publication of several rigorous multisite trials of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic inter-
ventions has substantially improved our knowledge of the most effective methods to treat pediatric
anxiety disorders. The D iagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is currently under its
sixth revision, with changes driven by these empirical fi ndings, including the integration of dimen-
sional assessment approaches, which has not been done before. Thus, this volume, P ediatric Anxiety
Disorders: A Clinical Guide, is being published at an exciting time in the fi eld of psychiatry. The aim
of this text is to bridge the most up-to-date research fi ndings with relevant clinical perspectives mak-
ing it a unique and essential resource to established clinicians and researchers, as well as students
and trainees.
This book is organized into four sections, each of which includes chapters on a speci fi c area of
interest. The fi rst section reviews the current research regarding etiological mechanisms of pediatric
anxiety. It begins with a comprehensive overview of the animal literature showing cross-species
homology in the neural mechanisms underlying fear processing, which has been essential to delineat-
ing the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and, more recently, has provided the foundation for
novel treatment approaches. The next chapter illustrates how advances in neuroimaging techniques
have allowed translation of basic animal fear models to humans, including children and adolescents,
with anxiety disorders. The fi nal chapter of this section focuses on temperamental risk factors for
pediatric anxiety disorders, an area that has grown signi fi cantly in recent years due to unique longitu-
dinal work.
The second section provides in-depth descriptions of the anxiety disorders that affect children and
adolescents. Each chapter includes descriptions of any proposed changes for DSM5, as well as the
most current research fi ndings regarding etiology, assessment, and treatment. Clinical case scenarios
provide real-world examples of presenting concerns and putative responses to treatment.
The third section summarizes the literature on empirically supported assessment tools and evi-
dence-based cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological interventions for pediatric anxiety disorders.
The authors of these chapters have included comprehensive summary tables that can serve as quick
reference tools.
The fi nal section of the text is dedicated to understanding how anxiety manifests in two special
populations, children with chronic medical illnesses and those with autism spectrum disorders. The
authors of these chapters explore how anxiety is conceptualized in the context of these primary disor-
ders and discuss special considerations for assessment and treatment.
v
vi Preface
The editors are fortunate to have leading authorities in pediatric anxiety from the fi elds of cogni-
tive neuroscience, cognitive-behavioral practice, and pharmacology to author the chapters of this
book. We are grateful to them for all of their time and efforts. We also wish to thank Fawad Viqar,
Rachel Chizkov, Rachael Tillman, and Laura Carroll for their assistance with the editing process.
Finally, we wish to thank our editor, Barbara Lopez-Lucio, at Springer for her dedicated guidance
and editorial expertise.
Baltimore, MD, USA Roma A. Vasa
Bronx, NY, USA Amy Krain Roy
Contents
Part I Neurobiology and Temperament
Fear Models in Animals and Humans ....................................................................................... 3
Catherine A. Hartley and Elizabeth A. Phelps
Neurobiology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders ........................................................................... 23
Amanda E. Guyer, Carrie L. Masten, and Daniel S. Pine
Temperamental Risk Factors for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders ............................................... 47
Kristin A. Buss and Elizabeth J. Kiel
Part II Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents ................................................... 71
Golda S. Ginsburg and Nicholas W. Affrunti
Pediatric Social Phobia ............................................................................................................... 91
Vasco M. Lopes and Anne Marie Albano
Specific Phobias ........................................................................................................................... 113
Thomas H. Ollendick, Maria J.W. Cowart, and Ella L. Milliner
Separation Anxiety Disorder ...................................................................................................... 129
Aleta G. Angelosante, Magdalena A. Ostrowski, and Rachel R. Chizkov
Panic Disorder ............................................................................................................................. 143
Aleta G. Angelosante and Magdalena A. Ostrowski
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents ............................................... 157
Adam B. Lewin, Jennifer M. Park, and Eric A. Storch
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents .................................................. 177
Damion J. Grasso and Joan Kaufman
Selective Mutism ......................................................................................................................... 209
Courtney P. Keeton
vii
viii Contents
Part III Assessment and Treatment
Assessment of Anxiety Disorders: Categorical and Dimensional Perspectives ..................... 231
Yasmin Rey, Carla E. Marin, and Wendy K. Silverman
Cognitive–Behavioral Treatment for Pediatric Anxiety Disorders ........................................ 269
Kendra L. Read, Connor M. Puleo, Chiaying Wei, Colleen M. Cummings,
and Philip C. Kendall
Psychopharmacology of Pediatric Anxiety Disorders ............................................................. 289
Justin W. Mohatt, Alex Eve Keller, and John T. Walkup
Part IV Special Topics
Anxiety in Children with Chronic Medical Illness .................................................................. 317
Patrick M. Kelly and Emily J. Frosch
Anxiety in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder ............................................................. 345
Heather Jennett, Roma A. Vasa, and Louis Hagopian
Index ............................................................................................................................................. 379
Contributors
Nicholas W. Affrunti Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , University of Louisville ,
Louisville , KY , USA
Anne Marie Albano Department of Psychiatry , Columbia University Clinic for Anxiety and Related
Disorders, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
Aleta G. Angelosante NYU Langone Medical Center , New York , NY , USA
Kristin A. Buss Department of Psychology , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park ,
PA , USA
Rachel R. Chizkov Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , NYU Langone Medical Center ,
New York , NY , USA
Maria J.W. Cowart Virginia Tech, Child Study Center , Blacksburg , VA , USA
Colleen M. Cummings Department of Psychology , Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
Emily J. Frosch Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Science , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
Golda S. Ginsburg Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
Damion J. Grasso University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA
Amanda E. Guyer Department of Human Ecology and Center for Mind and Brain , University of
California , Davis , CA , USA
Louis Hagopian Neurobehavioral Unit, Department of Behavioral Psychology , Kennedy Krieger
Institute , Baltimore , MD , USA
Catherine A. Hartley Department of Psychology , New York University , New York , NY , USA
Heather Jennett Director of Clinical Services, Little Leaves Behavioral Services , Washington , DC ,
USA
Joan Kaufman Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
Courtney P. Keeton Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins Medical
Institution , Baltimore , MD , USA
ix