Peasant Society and Marxist Intellectuals in China: Fang Zhimin and the Origin of a Revolutionary Movement in the Xinjiang Region

283 Pages·1989·13.725 MB·English

by  Kamal Sheel

Peasant Society and Marxist
Intellectuals in China

Peasant Society and Marxist
Intellectuals in China
Fang Zhimin and the Origin
of a Revolutionary Movement
in the Xinjiang Region
KAMAL SHEEL
Princeton University Press
Princeton, New Jersey
Copyright © 1989 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press,
41 William Street, Princeton, NewJersey 08540
In the United Kingdom:
Princeton University Press, Oxford
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sheel, Kamal, 1950-
Peasant society and Marxist intellectuals in China : Fang Zhimin and the origin of a
revolutionary movement in the Xinjiang region / Kamal Sheel.
p. cm.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-691-05571-8
1. Communism—China—Kiangsi Province—History. 2. Fang, Chih-min, 1900-1935. 3.
Communists—China—Biography. 4. Peasant uprisings—China—Kiangsi Province—History.
I. Title.
HX420.K5S47 1989
335.43'45'0951222—dcl9 88-37476
CIP
This book has been composed in Linotron Janson
Clothbound editions of Princeton University Press books
are printed on acid-free paper, and binding materials are
chosen for strength and durability. Paperbacks, although satisfactory
for personal collections, are not usually suitable for library rebinding
Printed in the United States of America
by Princeton University Press,
Princeton, New Jersey
To my parents

Contents
List of Tables ix
Preface xi
One The Xinjiang Region 3
Two Impact of the Taiping Rebellion on Rural Areas
in the Xinjiang Region 22
Three New Pressures on Small Rural Cultivators:
Imperialism, the State, and the Small-Peasant Economy 42
Four The Landed Upper Class
and the Crisis of Paternalism 66
Five Exploitation, Protests, and Uprisings 91
Six Fang Zhimin: The Rise
of a Revolutionary Peasant Leader 136
Seven The United Front in Jiangxi: Urban
Forces and the Organization
of the Peasant Association Movement, 1924—1927 172
Eight From Peasant Movement to Communist Revolution:
Revolutionary Intellectuals and Peasants
in the Xinjiang Region 193
Nine Conclusion 231
References 243
Index 255

Tables
3.1 Tea Exported from Jiangxi and Its Prices, 1863-1921 50
3.2 Tea Exported from Jiujiang, 1921-1935 50
5.1 Percentage of Tenants in Each Type of Rent System
in the 1930s 103
5.2 Frequency of Disasters in Jiangxi Province, 1847-1910 107
5.3 Major Peasant Rebellions in Districts of Jiangxi, 1900-1911 118
7.1 Number and Total Membership of Peasant
Associations in Jiangxi, October 1926 175