Table Of ContentThe Anthropocene: Politik–Economics–Society–Science
Heather Devere
Kelli Te Maihāroa
John P. Synott Editors
Peacebuilding
and the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples
Experiences and Strategies
for the 21st Century
— —
The Anthropocene: Politik Economics
—
Society Science
Volume 9
Series editor
Hans Günter Brauch, Mosbach, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15232
http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/SpringerBriefs_APESS.htm
http://www.afes-press-books.de/html/APESS_09.htm
ā
Heather Devere Kelli Te Maih roa
(cid:129)
John P. Synott
Editors
Peacebuilding and the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples
Experiences and Strategies
for the 21st Century
123
Editors
Heather Devere JohnP.Synott
National Centre for PeaceandConflict Department ofPeace andConflict Studies
Studies TheUniversity of Sydney
University of Otago Sydney
Dunedin Australia
NewZealand
Kelli TeMaihāroa
Schoolof Education
University of Otago
Dunedin
NewZealand
Acknowledgement of the coverphoto: Medicine Wheel,Cree Nation, Winnipeg,Canada.
SourceJeffreyAnslooswhograntedpermission.Photoontheinternaltitlepage:Indigenous
Peoplerallyforwaterrights,Bolivia,2000(seeChap.7).PhotoprovidedbyFabiolaVidaurre
Belmonte,withpermissionoftheAssociationoftheVictims.
ThefirstlogofortheNationalCentreforPeaceandConflictStudieswasdesignedbyTane
HirawanuTapuSolomonanddepictsthetoruaorroyalalbatross,asymbolofrespectand
peaceforMorioriandMāoripeople.ThesecondlogoisoftheCentreforPeaceandConflict
Studies,UniversityofSydney,Australia.ThethirdlogoisoftheInternationalPeaceResearch
Association(IPRA).
Moreonthisbookisat:http://afes-press-books.de/html/APESS_09.htm.
ISSN 2367-4024 ISSN 2367-4032 (electronic)
TheAnthropocene: Politik—Economics—Society—Science
ISBN978-3-319-45009-4 ISBN978-3-319-45011-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45011-7
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Foreword
This is a hopeful book. Although it catalogues a number
of the difficult and complex issues confronting
Indigenous Peoples, and particularly the ongoing oppo-
sition from States and others to the effective exercise of
collectiveindigenousrights,ithighlightshowsuchrights
might be advanced within peacebuilding frameworks.
Thatinitselfmightseemhopeless,asitpresupposesa
way forward in spite of the centuries’ old denial of
indigenous rights and the implacable disruption of peace
notjustwithintherelationshipbetweencolonisingStates
and Indigenous Peoples but throughout the world generally. Yet by highlighting
localandinternationaleffortsbyIndigenousPeoplestofindpeaceandameaningful
exercise of self-determination the essays in the book nevertheless offer hope.
Invariousways,theessaysusethedraftingoftheUnitedNationsDeclarationon
the Rights of Indigenous Peoples as a symbol that even the most violent and
centuries’longdenialofrights might atlastbeintheprocessofremediationifnot
yet repudiation. They also accept that although the maintenance of peace and the
right to wage war have often been the contradictory palimpsests of human exis-
tence,thejarringcontradictionsthathavetoooftenmarkedtheexerciseofpolitical
power, they too may be remedied and hopefully repudiated.
Thereissurelyneedforsuchhope.Eventhoughnationshaveregularlyinvented
reasons to go to war, whether to defend the so-called national interest or to spread
thewordofagod,thereisapeculiaranddangerouswar-obsessiontoday.Inanage,
whereaninvasioncanbemarketedas“shockandawe”anditsinnocentvictimscan
besimplydismissedas“collateraldamage”italmostseemsasifwarnowdrawson
v
vi Foreword
its own bloodied history to acquire an obscene attraction as the fruit of diplomacy
rather than its failure.
Mostdamagingly,politiciansdesperateforvicariousglorycontinuallyinventthe
“other” who can be demonised as an enemy and there is only a short distance
between the free-wheeling lies that characterised Indigenous Peoples as inferior
savages who needed to be destroyed in order to be “civilised” and the catch-all
labelling of “terrorists” who must be destroyed in order to protect civilisation.
Ineachcasethewarsthathavefollowedthe“othering”havebeenthecorruptionof
peace and reason, a generation offear and ignorance that has perverted the best in
humanity.
The colonisation and dispossession of Indigenous Peoples has of course been
oneofthemostperniciousandlong-lastingaffrontstothebestinhumanitythatthe
world has ever seen. In a very real sense it has depended upon denying the full
humanityofIndigenousPeopleswhichiswhytheUnitedNationsDeclarationisso
important.Forinitsarticulation of“indigenoushumanrights”ithasbeenproperly
seenbymanyIndigenousPeoplesasarestatementofourfullhumanness.Indeedit
maybeseenasacontributiontoallthestrugglesthatIndigenousPeoplescontinue
to wage to reclaim all that that “full humanity” entails from the political and
constitutional reaffirmation of our self-determination to the joyous pride in the
cultural expression of our art, music and poetry.
As in all cultures that fullness of indigenous humanity has always traversed the
usual range of stumbling mistakes and soaring achievements, of despairing weak-
nesses and inspiring strengths. As Indigenous Peoples, we may be unique in our
collective obligations to each other and to Mother Earth but the very essence of a
relational ethic necessarily includes an aversion to any belief in some mythic
infallibility.So,warwasoftenthesadcollapseofthatethicinindigenoussocieties
too and it manifested itself as a failure to hold together the fabric of relationships.
But Indigenous Peoples have also possessed profound understandings of the
metaphysicsofpeaceanditsmoralimperativestohonourandrestoreanydamaged
relationships. That is why in the Māori language there is no word for “enemy”.
Instead those with whom one might be in conflict were called “hoariri” or angry
friend,” and the highest aspiration, both individually and collectively, was to be at
peace with one’s friends.
Sometimes that aspiration evolved into social traditions where people turned
awayfromwarandfoundedabravedeterminationtoliveforeverinpeace.Thereis
a quiet majesty in those traditions and in the conceptualisation of being at peace
with one’s friends that is still sorely needed in the world. As in so many things
Indigenous Peoples have much to offer humanity and the common belief that
everyone and everything is interrelated, that we are all friends, might be the most
Foreword vii
important contribution of all. For it offers not just a framework for humans to find
peace with each other but with the Earth Mother as well.
The contributions in this book illustrate how indigenous rights are being
advancedthroughvariouspeacebuildingstrategies.Buttheyalsosuggeststrategies
for peace too, strategies which understand that peace is more than the absence of
war. It is living with “friends” respectful of the fullness of each other’s humanity
and mindful that such respect is itself an antidote to the “othering” that too easily
leads to war. Therein lies the hope.
Aotearoa, New Zealand Moana Jackson
June 2016 on the Omahu Marae
MoanaJackson(NgātiKahungungu,NgātiPorou)isalawyerwhospecialisesinhumanrights
issues, constitutional law and the rights of Indigenous Peoples. Moana graduated in Law and
CriminologyfromtheUniversityofVictoria,Wellington,AotearoaNewZealand.Heworkedasa
researcherfortheJusticedepartmentoftheNavajoNationinArizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica.
MoanahasbeenaleadingadvocateonInternationalIndigneousPeoplesissuesandin1988hewas
partof aworkinggroup thatdrafted theDeclaration ontheRights of IndigenousPeople. Inthe
same year, he was co-founder of Nga Kaiwhakamarama i Nga Ture (Māori Legal Services) in
Aotearoa/New Zealand. Moana was appointed Chairperson of that working group in 1990 and
subsequentlyappointedasaJudgeontheInternationalTribunalofIndigneousRightsinHawaii
1993 and Canada 1995. He was also appointed as Counsel for the Bougainville Interim
Government at the time of the Bougainville Peace Process. Moana has dedicated his career to
researching, advocating and championing issues around indigenous sovereignty and the conse-
quencesof colonisinglaws, spending time inthearchives oftheColonial Office, PrivyCouncil
and Church Missionary Society. Moana Jackson is currently the Director of Te Hau Tikanga
(MāoriLawCommission)inAotearoa.
Acknowledgements
OurfirstacknowledgementistotheFirstPeoplesofthelands,theoriginandhearth
ofhumancultures,thecaretakersoftheirlandsandhomes,theancientwisdomand
knowledge keepers, who have survived centuries of invasion, dispossession and
genocide to reclaim their human and distinctive rights and, given the opportunity,
offer understanding and guidance for humanity, as we confront the mounting
challenges of the twenty-first century.
Since this book has its inception in the research papers, presentations and
discussions of the Commission for the Rights of Indigenous Peoples within the
International Peace Research Association (IPRA), we gratefully acknowledge the
contribution of not just the authors in this book, but all members who have par-
ticipated in the Commission over two decades of exchange and scholarship,
recognisingthatthegettingofknowledgeisacollectiveprocessthathasitsbasisin
the search for understanding and communication of its outcomes.
We especially owe our gratitude to Hans Günter Brauch who has been a
long-time member of IPRA and series editor with Springer Nature for his sug-
gestionthatthepublishercouldbeinterestedtoconsideraproposalontheresearch
proceedings of the Commission for the Rights of Indigenous People. Hans Gȕnter
Brauch astutely recognised the relevance of this work to the transformative work
requiredto meet the contemporary challengesto creating a world culture of peace.
Subsequently, when we presented our proposal for a volume of chapters, prepared
from IPRA conference papers and a worldwide submission process, Hans Gȕnter
Brauch liaised with Springer Senior Editor Johanna Schwartz in the process of
acceptingtheproposalandestablishingtheguidelinesforthebook.Wethankthem
for their active involvement and contribution to the book. Along the publishing
process many Springer staff including Divya Selvaraj contributed to the book and
we gratefully thank them all for their efforts
We thank in particular our seventeen authors for their chapters and their ready
cooperation in revising chapters and assisting the editors on many aspects of the
preparation for publication. We believe that the collective effort on this book has
ix
x Acknowledgements
strengthened the networks of scholars working in areas of the rights of Indigenous
People.
As any writer knows, a book benefits from feedback and we wish to acknowl-
edge the contributions to this book from the various anonymous reviewers who
assessed initial drafts of the manuscript and provided rigorous and constructive
feedback that helped to shape the unity and clarity of the publication.
Weacknowledgethesupportofmanyuniversitydepartmentsthathaveprovided
support for the authors in the research, writing and editing of this book. We
acknowledge the support of the National Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at
University of Otago, where Heather Devere is based, the College of Education at
UniversityofOtagowhereKelliTeMaihāroateaches,andtheCentreforPeaceand
Conflict Studies at the University of Sydney for its support of John Synott in his
publications and international leadership in peace studies and education.
We especially express our gratitude to Moana Jackson for his generous contri-
butiontothebookthroughtheForeword.Ourrespectisprofoundfortheworksand
wisdom of this Māori leader and teacher, who has a powerful grasp of the signif-
icanceofIndigenousPeoplesinthelocalandinternationalcontexts.Letusalltake
his words to heart and be inspired by his vision for humanity.
Weacknowledgethesupportofourfamilies,communitiesandfriendsduringthe
two years dedicated to the journey of designing, writing and editing this publica-
tion.Wehopethatthebookbenefitsmany,especiallyIndigenousPeoples,through
itscontributiontopositive peaceeffortstomaketheworldabetterplace forall.In
addition, each of the three editors wishes to express their appreciation for the
experience of working with each other. The long and rigorous process has chal-
lenged our skills and developed our capacities as scholars, colleagues and friends.
Finally, we acknowledge readers and encourage you to continue the work in sup-
port of peacebuilding and the rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand Heather Devere
Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand Kelli Te Maihāroa
Sydney, Australia John P. Synott
August 2016
