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אאא ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
Wאאאא ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (١٢
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٤٢٩٨٠٢٢٥Wאא ٥
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Wא ni
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KK Fatt
Ali
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ﻡ٢٠١٥ / ـﻫ١٤٣٦
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ﺟﺎﻣ
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ﲑﺘ
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ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
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@ @òÛb‹Ûa@˜ƒÜß
ﻢﻬﻌﺒـﺗ ﻦـﻣو ﻪﺒﺤﺻو ﻪﻟآ ﲆﻋ و ,ﲔﻠﺳﺮﳌا فﴍأ ﲆﻋ مﻼﺴﻟاو ةﻼﺼﻟاو ,ﲔﳌﺎﻌﻟا بر ﷲا ﺪﻤﳊا
..ﺪﻌﺑو ,ﻦﻳﺪﻟا مﻮﻳ ﱃإ نﺎﺴﺣﺈﺑ
ﴫــﻌﻟا ﰲ يرﺎﻀــﳊاو ﳼﺎﻴﺴــﻟا ﻢــﻫرودو ﺔــﻓﻼﳋا راد مﺪــﺧ) :عﻮــﺿﻮﻣ ﺔــﺳراﺪﻟا هﺬــﻫ ﺖــﻟوﺎﻨﺗ
.(م١٢٥٨ −٩٤٣ /ـﻫ−٦٥٦−٢٣٢ ﲏﺎﺜﻟا ﳼﺎﺒﻌﻟا
ﻲـﻗﺮﻌﻟا عﻮـﻨﺘﻟا ﺮﺛأ ﲆﻋ ءﻮﻀﻟا ءﺎﻘﻟإ ﰲ ﻢﻬﺴﺗُ ﺎﳖﻮﻛ ﺚﻴﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﳘأ زﱪﺗ :ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻴﳘأ
.ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ ﰲ ﰲﺎﻘﺜﻟاو ﻲﺒﻫﺬﳌاو
ﺚـﺣﺎﺒﻣ ةﺪـﻋ ﻦـﻣ ﺔـﻧﻮﻜﻣ لﻮﺼـﻓ ﺔـﺛﻼﺛو ,ﺪـﻴﻬﲤو ,ﺔـﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﱃإ ﺔـﺳارﺪﻟا ﺖﻤﺴـﻗ :ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺔﻄﺧ
.ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣو
ﻲـﺘﻟا تﺎﺑﻮﻌﺼـﻟاو ,ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴـﻟا تﺎـﺳارﺪﻟاو ,ﻪـﺘﻴﳘأو ,عﻮـﺿﻮﳌا رﺎـﻴﺘﺧا بﺎﺒـﺳأ ﻦﻤﻀـﺘﺗ :ﺔﻣﺪﻘﳌا
.ﻊﺟاﺮﳌاو ردﺎﺼﳌا ﻢﻫﻷ ضﺮﻋو ,ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺖﻬﺟاو
.ﳼﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﴫﻌﻟا لﻼﺧ قاﺮﻌﻟا ﰲ ﻖﻴﻗﺮﻟا ةرﺎﲡ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻴﳜرﺎﺗ ةﺬﺒﻧ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ :ﺪﻴﻬﻤﺘﻟا
ﺚﻳﺪـﺤﻠﻟ ﻞِ ﺼـﻔﻟا اﺬـﻫ ﺺﺼـﺧ ﺪـﻗو ,ﺔﻓﻼﳋا راد مﺪﳋ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا عﺎﺿوﻷا ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ :لوﻷا ﻞﺼﻔﻟا ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
ﲑﺘ
_
وأ ﺔـﻴﻋﲈﺘﺟﻻا ﺖـﻧﺎﻛ ءاﻮـﺳ ,ﺔـﺻﺎﳋا ﻢﻬﻋﺎـﺿوأ ﲆـﻋ فﻮﻗﻮﻟﺎـﺑ ,ﺔـﻓﻼﳋا راد ﻞـﺧاد مﺪـﳋا ةﺎﻴﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
.ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻻا وأ ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟا وأ ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟا ﻱﺮ
) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺖــﻠﻘﺘﻧا ﻞﺼــﻔﻟا اﺬــﻫ ﰲو ,ﳼﺎﻴﺴــﻟاو يرادﻹا ﺔــﻓﻼﳋا راد مﺪــﺧ رود ناﻮــﻨﻌﺑ :ﲏﺎــﺜﻟا ﻞﺼــﻔﻟا ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﻢﺛ ,ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﺔﻓﻼﳋا راد رﻮﺼﻗ ورود ﻞﺧاد ﺎﲠ اﻮﻠﻐﺘﺷا ﻲﺘﻟا مﺪﳋا ﻒﺋﺎﻇو ﻦﻋ ﺚﻳﺪﳊا ﱃإ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
مﺪـﺨﻠﻟ ﳼﺎﻴﺴـﻟا ﺮـﺛﻷا ﻦﻋ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﺚﻳﺪﳊا ﰐﺄﻳ ﻢﺛ ,ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ةرادإ ﰲ ﻚﻟذ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫوﺪﻠﻘﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﻒﺋﺎﻇﻮﻟا ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
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ﻊنﻴﺎﺸـﻜـﻓﺗ و,ء ,ﺎـﺪﻔـﻠﻴﳋﻠﻘاﺘ ﻟﺔا ﺒﺲﳏوﻟ ﺎبـﳎﺮ ﰲﻗ ﻦ ﻢﻣﻬ ﻪﺘﻛﺑﻮرﻈﺎﺸﺣـﻣ ﺎوﻣ,وﻢ ,ﳍﺔِﺰﻟوـﻋﺪوﻟا ء ﰲار زﺎﻴﻮﻠﻋـﻟا وﺐ ءﺻﺎـﻔﺎﻠﻨﺨﻣ ﻦﻠﻟ ﻣﻢ ﻪﻬﻟﺘ ﻴاﻮﻟﻮﻠـﺻﺗ ,وﺔ ﻴﺎﺳﻣ ﺎﲆﻴﺴﻋﻟ اﺐ ﻢﻫﺗﺮرﺗﺎ ﺛيآ ﻦﺬﻟﻣا ٠ ٥
تارﻮــﺜﻟا دﺎــﲬإ ﰲ ﻢــﻫرود ﻚﻟﺬــﻛو ,ةرﺎﻔﺴــﻟا ﺐﺼــﻨﻣ ﱄﻮــﺗ ,جﺎــﳊا ةﺮــﻣإ ةدﺎــﻴﻗ ,ﺎﳍﺎﺒﻘﺘــﺳاو دﻮــﻓﻮﻟا ٢ /٠١ /٧
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ﻦـﻋ ﺚﻳﺪـﳊا ءﺎـﺟ ﻞﺼـﻔﻟا اﺬـﻫ ﰲو ,ﺔـﻓﻼﳋا راد مﺪـﳋ يرﺎﻀﳊا ﺮﺛﻷا ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ :ﺚﻟﺎﺜﻟا ﻞ ﺼ.ﺎﳍﻔﻟﺎاﻌﺷإو ni
ﻦـﻣ ,ﺔـﻔﻠﺘﺨﳌا ﺔﻴﻣﻼـﺳﻹا ةرﺎﻀﳊا ﺐﻧاﻮﺟ ﻊﻴﲨ ﰲ هﻮﻔﻠﺧ ﺎﻣ ﻊﺒﺘﺗ لﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ,مﺪﺨﻠﻟ يرﺎﻀﳊا ﺮﺛﻷا a
Fatt
.ﲏﺎﺜﻟا ﳼﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﴫﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ةرﺎﻀﳊا ﻊﻨﺻ ﺎﳖﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ نﺎﻛ ,ةﺪﻋ تﺎﻣﺪﺧو تﺂﺸﻨﻣو رود Ali
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.ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ﺎﻬﻴﻟإ ﺖﻠﺻﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟا ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻨﻟا ﻢﻫأ ﺖﻨﻤﻀﺗ :ﺔﲤﺎﳋا
.ﺔﻴﺤﻴﺿﻮﺘﻟا ﻖﺣﻼﳌا ﻦﻣ دﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا هﺬﻫ ﺖﻤﻋدو :ﻖﺣﻼﳌا
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AAbbssttrraacctt ooff tthhee TThheessiiss
All praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the best of
the Messengers, his family, companions, and whoever follows them properly until the Day of
Judgment.
To proceed:
The study has addressed the issue of: (The Servants of the Caliphate's House and their
Political and Cultural Role during the Second Abbasid Era 232-656-AH/943-1258 AD).
Significance of the Study: The importance of the study lies in the fact that it contributes in
shedding light on the impact of ethnic, religious and cultural diversity in the history of the
Abbasid dynasty.
Study Plan: The study is divided into an introduction, preface, and three chapters
composed of several topics and questions.
Introduction: It includes justification for choosing the subject, clarification of its
importance, the previous studies (in this domain), the difficulties faced by the study, and display
of the most important sources and references.
Preface: It is titled "Brief History of the Slaves Trade in Iraq during the Abbasid Era".
Chapter I: It is titled "The General Conditions of the Servants of the House of the
Caliphate". This chapter has been devoted to talking about the life led by the servants inside the ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
House of the Caliphate, through shedding light on the peculiarities of their lives, whether social, ﲑﺘ
_
religious, scientific or economic. ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
Chapter II: It is titled "The Administrative and Political Roles of the Servants of the ﻱﺮ
) ﻛ
House of the Caliphate". In this chapter, the research moves to talk about the jobs held by the ﻞﻣﺎ
stheerv satnattse waditmhiinn itshtrea thioouns. eTsh aen sdt updayla tcheesn o ffo tchues eAsb obna stihde C paolliiptihcaatle ,i mthpeanc tt hoef jtohbes s tehrevya nhtesl db alsaetedr oinn ﺔﻟﺎﺳﺮﻟﺍ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
tThhee sire niimopr apcots iotnio npso ltihceyy ianscsluumdeedd tihne tihr ep sltaaytien, ga nad rhoolew itnh eth cea lciphhosic leo voefd c aenrtda idnr ecwal itphhesm a nneda rtehre. ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
١
atphpeepr focoiornmutmninceginl stt hooeff ccrieotrertosa,ni nat thimeoinirn, ihsroteeclrdesii nvaginn dgt h teah neod df fseiepceeoi snoaglf aoanfmfd b ddaeislssemagdiasotsiroasln, soa,f s t ohwteheirel lr lsea,a std hitenhigeri rpt harerot lipeci ilpignar tiimeointsh ieinnr ٠ ٥
igniting or suppressing revolts. ٢ /١
٠ /٧
Chapter III: It is entitled "The Cultural Impact of the Servants of the House of Caliphate". ٣
٤
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afTanhcdiis l iitcmihepasa pactnetsdr disnies rcvaulilcs seteshs,e w thvheai rccihou ulstseu rrvaasel pdiem acspts at chotef ofIfos utlhanmed aisctei rocvniav noitlfsi z,a antthdior ofnou, rgmihn ecidlnu vtdheisent giIgs altahtimen givc aacrliliv otiuhlsiez iarh toitoruansce eisns, ni
the second Abbasid era. Fatta
Conclusion: It included the most important findings of the study. Ali
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Supplements: The study is substantiated by a number of illustrating supplements.
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... ﲔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﱃﺇ ﻊﺿﺍﻮﺘﳌﺍ ﻱﺪﻬﺟ ﺓﺮﲦ ﻱﺪﻫﺃ
[٢٤ :ءاﴎﻹا] H ¯ ® ¬ « ª © I :ﱃﺎﻌﺗ ﻝﺎﻗ
..ﺍ ﻢﻫﺎﻋﺭ ﻲﺜﲝ ﺩﺍﺪﻋﺇ ﺓﺪﻣ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ﻲﻭﺪﺎﺳ ﻦﳌ ﺀﺍﺰﻋﻷﺍ ﻲﺗﻮﺧﺇ ﱃﺇﻭ
...ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﺏﺍﻮﺑﺃ ﻕﺮﻃ ﻦﻣ ﱃﺇﻭ
ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
ﲑﺘ _
ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
ﻦﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺃ ﻥﺃ ﻥﺎﺴﻹﺍ ﻢﻠﻌﻳ ﱂﻭ ﺏﺎﺴﺣﻷﺍ ﺖﻴﺴﻭ ،ﺏﺎﺴﻷﺍ ﺖﻠﻬﳉ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ ﻻﻮﻟﻭ" ) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
،ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻣﺪﻗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺮﺧﺍﻭﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻰﻤﻋﻭ ،ﺎﻬﺋﺎﻤﻋﺯ ﺕﻮﲟ ﻝﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﺗﺎﳌ ﻩﻻﻮﻟ ﻚﻟﺬﻛﻭ ،ﺏﺍﺮﺗ ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
١
."ﺎﻬﺋﺎﲰ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﻦﻣ ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻪﺘﻟﻭﺍﺪﺗ ﺎﲟ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻂﳛ ﱂﻭ ٠
.ﲑﺛﻷﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ٢٥ /١
٠ /٧
٣
٤
١
ni
a
Fatt
Ali
@
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אאאאאאאאאאאאאא
אא @@
@@‹‹í퇇ÔÔnnÛÛaaëë@@‹‹ØØ““ÛÛaa
ﰲ ﱄ ﻪـﺘﻧﺎﻋإو ,ﻪـﻘﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﲆـﻋ ﺮﻜﺸـﻟاو ,ﺪـﻤﳊﺎﺑ ﷲا ﱃإ ﻪـﺟﱠ ﻮﺗأ نأ ﲏﴪﱡ ـﻴﻟ ﻪﻧإو
.تﺎﳊﺎﺼﻟا ﻢﺘﺗ ﻪﺘﻤﻌﻨﺑ يﺬﻟا ﷲ ﺪﻤﳊﺎﻓ ,ﻪﻣﺎﲤإو ﻞﻤﻌﻟا اﺬﻫ زﺎﺠﻧا
(١)
«سﺎـﱠﻨﻟا ﺮِ ﻜُ ﺸْ ـﻳَ ﻻ ﻦﻣ ﷲا ﺮِ ﻜُ ﺸْ ﻳَ ﻻ» : ﻪﻟﻮﻘﺑ ﻼً ﻤﻋو ,ﻪﻠﻫأو ﻞﻀﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺎً ﻓاﱰﻋاو
ﱄ ﻪـﺘﻣﺪﻗ ﺎﻣ ﲆﻋ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟا ﰐﺪﻟاﻮﻟ ﲏﺎﻨﺘﻣاو ,يﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗ ﻢﻴﻈﻋو ,يﺮﻜﺷ ﺺﻟﺎﺨﺑ مﺪﻘﺗأ ﲏﺈﻓ
.ﺔﻌﺳاﻮﻟا ﺔﲪﺮﻟاو ةﺮﻔﻐﳌﺎﺑ يﺪﻟاﻮﻟ ﷲا ﻮﻋدأو,مﺪﻘﺗ ﺎﻣو ﻲﺘﺳارد تاﻮﻨﺳ ﺔﻴﻠﻃ
ﻪـﻓﻮﻗﻮﻟ يﴎوﺪـﻟا ﻢﻴﻫاﺮـﺑإ ﻦـﺑ ﲇـﻋ/ﺰـﻳﺰﻌﻟا ﻲـﺧﻷ يﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗو يﺮﻜﺷ مﺪﻗأ ﲈﻛ
.ﻲﺘﺳارد مﺎﻳأ ﺔﻠﻴﻃ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺠﺑ
ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
ﲑﺘ
_
ذﺎﺘـﺳﻷا ﺔﻓﴩـﳌا ةدﺎﻌـﺳ ,ﺔـﻴﻟﺎﻐﻟا ﰐذﺎﺘـﺳﻷ يزاﺰﺘﻋاو يﺮﻳﺪﻘﺗو يﺮﻜﺷ مﺪﻗأ ﲈﻛ ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
ﻢﻴـﻈﻋ ,ﺎـﻬﻓاﴍإو ﺎـﲥﺎﻬﻴﺟﻮﺗو ﺎﻫدﺎـﺷرﻹ نﺎـﻛ ﻲـﺘﻟا ,ﻲﻌﻓﺎـﺷ ﺪﲪأ ﺖﻨﺑ ءﺎﻴﳌ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
.−ءاﺰﳉا ﲑﺧ ﷲا ﺎﻫاﺰﺠﻓ− ,ﺢﻴﺤﺼﻟا ﻲﻤﻠﻌﻟا ﻖﻳﺮﻄﻟا ﲆﻋ ﻲﻌﺿو ﰲ ﺮﺛﻷا ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
ذﺎﺘــﺳﻷا ةدﺎﻌــﺳ ﺎﻫﺮﻳﺪــﻤﺑ ﺔــﻠﺜﻤﺘﻣ ىﺮــﻘﻟا مأ ﺔــﻌﻣﺎﳉ ﲏﺎــﻓﺮﻋو يﺮﻜــﺷ مﺪــﻗأ ﲈــﻛ ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (١٢
٠
تﺎــﺳارﺪﻟاو ﺔﻌﻳﴩــﻟا ﺔــﻴﻠﻛ ﱃإ ﺎً ﻀــﻳأ لٌ ﻮــﺻﻮﻣ ﺮﻜﺸــﻟاو ,سﺎﺴــﻋ يﺮــﻜﺑ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪــﻟا ٥
,ﻢﻳﴩـﻟا دﻮﻌـﺳ :ﺦﻴﺸـﻟا رﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻟا ذﺎﺘـﺳﻷا ةدﺎﻌـﺳ ﻖﺑﺎﺴﻟا ﺎﻫﺪﻴﻤﻌﺑﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹا ٢ /٠١ /٧
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.ﻲﺒﻴﺘﻌﻟا يزﺎﻏ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ةدﺎﻌﺳ ﱄﺎﳊاو ni
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ﰲ يﺬـﻣﱰﻟاو (٤٨١١/٢٥٥/٤)−فوﺮـﻌﳌا ﺮﻜـﺷ بﺎـﺑ٢−بدﻷا بﺎـﺘﻛ ٣٦−ﻪﻨﻨﺳ ﰲ دواد ﻮﺑأ ﻪﺟﺮﺧأ (١)
اﺬـﻫ :لﺎـﻗو (١٩٥٤/٣٣٩/٤)−ﻚـﻴﻟإ ﻦﺴﺣأ ﻦﳌ ﺮﻜﺸﻟا ﰲ ءﺎﺟﺎﻣ بﺎﺑ ٣٥−ﺔﻠﺼﻟاو ﱪﻟا بﺎﺘﻛ٨−ﻪﻨﻨﺳ
.ﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺚﻳﺪﺣ
٦
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ﺔﻴﳜرﺎﺘﻟا ﺎﻴﻠﻌﻟا تﺎﺳارﺪﻟاو ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟا ﻢﺴﻗ ﺲﻴﺋﺮﻟ ﺎً ﻀﻳأ ﻞﻳﺰﳉا يﺮﻜﺷ مﺪﻗأ ﲈﻛ
:رﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻟا ةدﺎﻌـﺳ ,ﲔﻘﺒـﺳﻷاو ,ﺚـﻴﻐﻟا ﺪـﻤﳏ ﻦـﺑ ﺪـﻟﺎﺧ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻟا ةدﺎﻌﺳ ﺔﻳرﺎﻀﳊاو
ﻢﺴـﻗ ﺔـﻠﻴﻛوو ,ﰐﺎﻛﱪﻟا فﴍ ﻦﺑ لﻼﻃ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ةدﺎﻌﺳو ,يﱪﻨﺸﻟا ﲔﺴﺣ ﻦﺑ ﷲاﺪﺒﻋ
.ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﲔﻤﺋﺎﻘﻟاو ءﻼﻀﻔﻟا ﻪﺗﺬﺗﺎﺳأو يﺪﻴﺷﺮﻟا روﺎﻨﻣ ةﺎﻴﺣ ةرﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ةدﺎﻌﺳ ﺦﻳرﺎﺘﻟا
ةدﺎﻌــﺳ :ﺎــﳘو ﻞــﻤﻌﻟا اﺬــﳍ ﲔﺸــﻗﺎﻨﳌا ﲔﻠــﺿﺎﻔﻟا ﻦﻳذﺎﺘــﺳﻸﻟ لﻮــﺻﻮﻣ ﺮﻜﺸــﻟاو
ﲔﺴـﺣ ﺖـﻨﺑ ﺔـﻨﻣآ :ةرﻮﺘﻛﺪـﻟا ةدﺎﻌـﺳو ,يﺪـﻣﺎﻐﻟا ﺪﻴﻌـﺳ ﻦـﺑ ﷲاﺪـﺒﻋ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ذﺎﺘﺳﻷا
.−ءاﺰﳉا ﲑﺧ ﻲﻨﻋ ﷲا ﺎﳘاﺰﺠﻓ− ,ﺚﺤﺒﻟا اﺬﻫ ﺔﺸﻗﺎﻨﻣ لﻮﺒﻘﺑ ﲈﻬﻠﻀﻔﺘﻟ لﻼﺟ
يﺪــﻣﺎﻐﻟا ﺪﻴﻌــﺳ ﻦــﺑ ﷲا ﺪــﺒﻋ :رﻮﺘﻛﺪــﻟا ذﺎﺘــﺳﻸﻟ يﺮﻜــﺷ رﺮــﻛ نأ ﻲﻨﺗﻮــﻔﻳ ﻻﲈــﻛ
ﻦـﻣ ﱄ هﺎﻣﺪـﻗ ﺎﻣ ﲆﻋ ﻢﻴﺼﻘﻟا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ,يﺮﳞﻮﻈﻟا ﻢﻴﻫاﺮﺑإ ﺖﻨﺑ ةرﻮﻧ :ةرﻮﺘﻛﺪﻟا ةدﺎﻌﺳو
ناﻮـﻨﻌﺑ ةرﻮـﺘﻛد ﺔﻟﺎﺳر ﻲﻫو ﺔﺳارﺪﻟا ةﺬﻫ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ ﻢﻫأ ﺪﺣأ ﲆﻋ لﻮﺼﳊا ﰲ تﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ
" " ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
. م٨٤٨−٧٤٩ /ـﻫ٣٣٤−١٣٢ لوﻷا ﳼﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﴫﻌﻟا ﰲ ﺔﻓﻼﳋا راد مﻮﺳر ﲑﺘ _
ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
ﺔـﺒﺘﻜﻣو ىﺮـﻘﻟا مأ ﺔـﻌﻣﺎﺠﺑ ﺔـﻳﺰﻛﺮﳌا ﷲاﺪـﺒﻋ ﻚﻠﳌا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﳌ ﺮﻜﺸﻟﺎﺑ مﺪﻘﺗأ مﺎﺘﳋا ﰲو ) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪـﺒﻋ ﻚﻠﳌا ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣو ,ةﺪﺠﺑ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﻟاﺪﺒﻋ ﻚﻠﳌا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺔﺒﺘﻜﻣو ,ﻒﻳﴩﻟا ﻲﻜﳌا مﺮﳊا ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
.دﺎﺷرإو ﺎﺤﺼﻧ ﱄ لﺪﺳأ ﻦﻣ ﻞﻜﻟو ,ضﺎﻳﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
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٥
* ﲔﻌﲨﺃ ﻪﺑﺎﺤﺻﺃﻭ ﻪﻟﺁ ﻰﻠﻋﻭ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺎﻨﻴﺒ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﺍ ﻰﻠﺻﻭ * ٢ /٠١ /٧
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@ @ò߇Ծa
ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
ﲑﺘ
_
ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
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٥
٢ /١
٠ /٧
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ni
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ﻪــﻟآ ﲆــﻋو ﺪــﻤﳏ ,مﺎــﻧﻷا ﺪﻴــﺳ ﲆــﻋ مﻼﺴــﻟاو ةﻼﺼــﻟاو ,ﲔﳌﺎــﻌﻟا بر ﷲ ﺪــﻤﳊا
مﻮـﻳ ﱃإ نﺎﺴـﺣﺈﺑ ﻢﻬﻌﺒـﺗاو ﻪـﻳﺪﲠ ىﺪﺘﻗاو ﻪﺘﻨﺴﺑ ﻚﺴﲤو ﻪﺠﳖ ﲆﻋ رﺎﺳ ﻦﻣو ﻪﺑﺎﺤﺻأو
. .ﺪﻌﺑو ,ﻦﻳﺪﻟا
"
ﺔـﻳﴎ ةﻮـﻋد ﺮـﺛأ ﲆـﻋ ,(م٧٤٩/ــﻫ١٣٢) :ﺔﻨـﺳ ﰲ ﺔﻴـﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﺖﻣﺎﻗ ﺪﻘﻟ
"
ﻦـﻣ فﺎـﻄﳌا ﺔـﻳﺎﳖ ﰲ ﺖـﻨﻜﲤو ,ﺎً ـﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ نﺮـﻗ ﺚﻠﺛ ﱄاﻮﺣ ﺖﻣاد ,ﲇﻋ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﳏ ﺎﻬﻤﻋﺰﺗ
,(م٦٦٢/ـــﻫ٤١) :ﺔﻨــﺳ ﻦــﻣ ﻲﻣﻼــﺳﻹا ﱂﺎــﻌﻟا ﺖــﻤﻜﺣ ﻲــﺘﻟا ﺔــﻳﻮﻣﻷا ﺔــﻟوﺪﻟا طﺎﻘــﺳإ
,(م٧٤٩/ــﻫ١٣٢) :ﺔﻨﺳ ﰲ حﺎﻔﺴﻟا سﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﰊأ ﺔﻓﻼﺨﺑ ﻪﺤﺘﺘﻔﻣ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﺔﻣﺎﻗإو
(م١٢٥٨−٧٤٩/ــﻫ٦٥٦−١٣٢) :ﺔﻨـﺳ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﻹا قﴩﳌا ﰲ ﺎﻬﺘﻓﻼﺧ تﺮﻤﺘﺳﺎﻓ
ﻢﲥازﺎـﺠﻧا ﻖـﻴﻘﲢ ﺎـﳍﻼﺧ ﻦـﻣ نﻮﻴـﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ءﺎﻔﻠﳋا عﺎﻄﺘﺳا ,نوﺮﻗ ﺔﺴﲬ ﲆﻋ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﺎﻣ يأ
ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
ﲑﺘ
ﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﻦﺑا لﻮﻘﻳ .ضرﻷا كﻮﻠﻣ لوأ ﺎﲠ وﺪﻏ ﻰﺘﺣ ,ﺔﻴﻋﲈﺘﺟﻻاو ﺔﻴﻤﻠﻌﻟاو ﺔﻳدﺎﺼﺘﻗﻹا _
" ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
,ﺔـﻤﺋﺎﻗ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ مﻮـﻠﻌﻟا قاﻮـﺳأ ,مرﺎـﻜﳌا ﺔـﲨ ,ﻦﺳﺎﺤﳌا ةﲑﺜﻛ :ﺎﳖﺄﺑ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﻦﻋ ﻱﺮ
) ﻛ
ﻞﻣﺎ
ﺎﻴﻧﺪـﻟاو ,ةﺮـﺋاد ﺎﻬﻴﻓ تاﲑﳋاو ,ﺔﻤﻈﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻦﻳﺪﻟا ﺮﺋﺎﻌﺷو ,ﺔﻘﻓﺎﻧ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ بادﻵا ﻊﺋﺎﻀﺑو ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
,ﺎـﻬﻣﺎﻳأ ﺮـﺧاوأ ﻰـﺘﺣ ﻚـﻟذ ﲆـﻋ ﺖـﻟازﺎﻣو ,ﺔﻨﺼـﳏ ر(١ﻮ)ﻐ"ﺜﻟاو ,ﺔﻴﻋﺮﻣ تﺎﻣﺮﳊاو ,ةﺮﻣﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (٢
. ﺮﻣﻷا بﺮﻄﺿاو ,ﴩﻟا ﴩﺘﻧﺎﻓ ٠١
ﺔـﺛﻼﺛ ﱃإ ﺎﻬﻤﺴـﻘﻳ ﻦـﻣ ﻢﻬﻨﻤﻓ ,ﺔﻓﻼﳋا هﺬﻫ رﻮﺼﻋ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺘﻟ نﻮﺧرﺆﳌا ﻰﻌﺳ ﺪﻗو ٥
٢ /١
/ــﻫ٢٣٢−١٣٢) :ﺔﻨـﺳ ﻦـﻣ :لوﻷا ﴫـﻌﻟا ,ﻦﻳﴫـﻋ ﱃإ ﺎﻬﻤﺴﻘﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻢﻬﻨﻣو ,رٍ ﻮﺼﻋ ٠ /٧
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ةرﺎﻀـﳊا ةور ذ.وﺔﻳ ﻮﻲﻴـﻧﻤﺪﻠﻟﻌاوﻟا ﺔ مﻴﻨﺪﻳﺪـﻘﻟﺘاﻟ اﻢ ﺔﻬـﻤﺘﻄﻗ ﻠﻪِﺴـﻏﺑ ﻮنﻠﻮﺒﻟﻴ ﺳﻲﺎﺒﺒﻫﻌﺬﻟاﻟ اء ﺎﴫﻔﻠﳋﻌاﻟ ﺎﻪﺑ ﻴﻲﻓ ﻊﻤﺘﺳﲤو ﺚ ,(ﻴﺣم٨ ,٤ﺔﻴ٦ﻣ−ﻼ٧ﺳ٤ﻹ٩ا ni
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ﺔﻨـــﺳ ﻦـــﻣ نوﺮـــﻗ ﺔـــﻌﺑرأ ﻦـــﻣ ﺮـــﺜﻛﻷ ﺪـــﺘﻣا يﺬـــﻟا :ﲏﺎـــﺜﻟا ﴫـــﻌﻟا ﻦـــﻋ ﺎـــﻣأو @
.١٥٠−١٤٩ص ,ﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻻا لوﺪﻟاو ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻄﻠﺴﻟا مﺎﻜﺣﻷا ﰲ يﺮﺨﻔﻟا (١)
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ﻪـﻴﻔﻓ ,ﳼﺎﻴﺴﻟا ﺪﻴﻌﺼﻟا ﲆﻋ اًﲑﺒﻛ اًرﻮﻄﺗ ﺪﻬﺷ ﺪﻘﻓ ,(م١٢٥٨−٨٤٦ /ـﻫ٦٥٦−٢٣٢)
ﺔــﻓﻼﳋا ﲆــﻋ ﺔــﻴﺒﻨﺟﻷا ىﻮــﻘﻟا ﴏﺎــﻨﻋ ﺖﻄﻠﺴــﺗو ,ﲔﻴــﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ءﺎــﻔﻠﳋا ﺔﻄﻠــﺳ ﺖﻔﻌــﺿ
برﺎـﻘﻳ ﺎـﻣ كاﺮـﺗﻷا ﺔﻘﺟﻼﺴـﻟا ﻢـﺛ سﺮـﻔﻟا ﻪﻳﻮﺑ ﻲﻨﺑ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻣ داﺪﻐﺑ ﺖﻤﻜﺤُ ﻓ ,ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا
قﴍ ﰲ لوﺪـﻟا ﺖـﻣﺎﻗو ﺔـﻟوﺪﻟا فاﺮـﻃأ ﰲ تﻻﺎﺼـﻔﻧﻻا تﺮـﺜﻜﻓ ,نﺎـﻣﺰﻟا ﻦـﻣ ﲔﻧﺮﻗ
,مﺪـﳋا ﺔﻄﻠﺴـﺑ ,ﻰﻤﺴـﻳ ﺎـﻣ ﳼﺎﻴﺴـﻟا حﴪـﳌا ﲆـﻋ زﺮﺑ ﻚﻟذ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﱃإو ,ﺎﲠﺮﻏو دﻼﺒﻟا
ﻦـﻣ نوﺮـﺜﻜﻳ نﻮﻴـﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ءﺎـﻔﻠﳋا نﺎـﻛ ﺪـﻘﻓ ,ءﺎﻔﻠﳋا ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺑ اﻮﺼﺘﺧا ﻦﻳﺬﻟا مﺪﳋا ﻢﻫو
"
ﺎـﻣﺄﻓ :ﺊﺑﺎﺼـﻟا لﻮـﻘﻴﻓ ,ﺔﻴﺑﺮﻌﻟا ردﺎﺼﳌا ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﺼﻧ ﺎﻣ ﲆﻋ اًدﺎﻨﺘﺳا ﻚﻟذو ﻖﻴﻗﺮﻟا ءاﴍ
مدﺎـﺧ فﻻآ ةﴩـﻋو ,ﺔـﻳراد مﻼـﻏ ﻒﻟأ ﻦﻳﴩﻋ ﲆﻋ ﺖﻠﻤﺘﺷا ﺎﳖﺈﻓ ,ﷲﺎﺑ ﻲﻔﺘﻜﳌا مﺎﻳأ ﰲ
ﴩـﻋ ﺪـﺣأ ﺎـﻬﻴﻓ نﺎـﻛ ﻪـﻧأ ﲆـﻋ ﻊﻗاو عﺎﲨﻹﺎﻓ , ﷲﺎﺑ رﺪﺘﻘﳌا مﺎﻳأ ﰲ ﺎﻣأو .ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻘﺻو اًدﻮﺳ
ةﺮـﺣ ﲔـﺑ ةأﺮـﻣا فﻻآ ﺔـﻌﺑرأو ,ﺎً ﻀـﻴﺑ ﺔﺒﻟﺎﻘـﺻ ﺔـﻌﺑرأو ,اًدﻮـﺳ ﺔﻌﺒـﺳ ﻢﻬﻨـﻣ ,مدﺎﺧ ﻒﻟأ
(١)"
. نﲈﻠﻐﻟا ﻦﻣ فﻮﻟأو ,ﺔﻛﻮﻠﳑو
ﺟﺎﻣ
ﺴ
ناﻮـﻳد ﻪـﻴﻠﻋ ﻖـﻠﻃأ ﻢـﲠ ﺎً ـﺻﺎﺧ ﺎً ﻧاﻮﻳد ﻖﻴﻗﺮﻟا ءﻻﺆﳍ نﻮﻴﺳﺎﺒﻌﻟا ءﺎﻔﻠﳋا ﺄﺸﻧأ ﺪﻗو ﲑﺘ
_
ﻦـﻜﻟو ,ﺔـﻟوﺪﻠﻟ اًﺪـﻨﺟو ﻢـﳍ ﺎً ﻣﺪـﺧ ﻖـﻴﻗﺮﻟا ﻦـﻣ ءﺎـﻔﻠﳋا ﺬـﲣا ﺮﻣﻷا ﺔﻳاﺪﺑ ﻲﻔﻓ",نﲈﻠﻐﻟا ﺓﺭﻮﻧ ﺳﻭﺪﻟﺍ
ﻱﺮ
" ) ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
ﺔﻤﺳ ﺢﺒﺻأ ﻰﺘﺣ ﺔﻟوﺪﻟا ﰲ ﻢﳖﺎﻄﻠﺳ و ,ﻢﻫذﻮﻔﻧ يﻮﻗ ﻢﻫداﺪﻋأ ةﺮﺜﻜﺑو ﻦﻣﺰﻟا روﺮﻤﺑ ﺳﺮﻟﺍ
ﺔﻟﺎ .. ﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔزـرﻴﻈﺎﺑ ﳊاًراوود , ﺎﺔﳍـﻧ ﺎنﻣﺮﺎﻛﻬ ﻘةﻟﺪاوﻋ ﰐتاوﺎﻴﺪﺼـﻟاﺨو ﺷخ ﺎتـﺒﻄﺮﻟﻬاوﻇ ﰊلاﺎﴩﺜﳌا ـﻞﻟا ﻴﺔﺒﺳﻄﻠ ﲆﺴـﻋﻛ ﲆ,ﺔﻌـﻟﻓو ,ﺪﴫﻟا ﰲﻌﻟ را ﻮاﺬﻣﻫﻷ تا ﲑﲈﻴﺳﺴ ﺗﻦ ﰲﻣ ﺓﺭﻮ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ (١٢
٠
راودﻷا ﻢـﳍ ﻞﺠﺴـﺗ ﺔـﻴﳜرﺎﺘﻟا ردﺎﺼـﳌا نأ ﻦـﻣ ﻢﻏﺮـﻟا ﲆـﻋو ,ﺪـﻟﻮﻟا مأ ةﺪﻴﺴﻟا ﺔﻳرﺎﳉاو ٥
ﻻإ ,ﺔـﻟوﺪﻟا ﰲ ﺶﻴـﳉا ﺪـﺋﺎﻗ ﱃإ ﺔـﻔﻴﻠﳋا ﺦﺒﻄﻣ ﰲ باﴩﻟا ﻊﻧﺎﺻ ﻪﻧﻮﻛ ﻦﻣ ﻼً ﺜﻣ ,ةزرﺎﺒﻟا ٢ /١
٠ /٧
٣
٤
١
ﺔﺔـﻨﻣﻴﻌﺪﺘﳋﺴاـ ﻣﻦ ﺔﻣـﺳ ﻪﻟارﺎﻘﺪﺘﻧﻟاا بهﺬﻫﺎﺒ ﺳﰲأ ﻪﻦﻌﻋﺒﺘﻻﺗ لو و,مﺎﺣدﺎأﳋ فا ﻦﻮﺳﻋ ﻼًﺎﻣ ﻴاﺼﺬﻫﻔوﺗ د,رﺔﻮﻟوﺗ ﺪﻻﻟا صةرادﻮإﺼ ﱃﻨإﻟ اﻼً ﺐﺜﻣﻟ ﺦﺎﻏﺒ ﻄﰲﳌ اﺎ ﳖﰲأ ni
a
Fatt
ﳼﺎﻴﺴــﻟا ﻢــﻫرودو ﺔــﻓﻼﳋا راد مﺪــﺧ] ﺔــﺳارﺪﻟا ناﻮــﻨﻋ ءﺎــﺟ اﺬــﳍو ; ﷲا ﻖــﻴﻓﻮﺘﺑ Ali
@
@
.[(م١٢٥٨−٩٤٣ /ـﻫ٦٥٦−٢٣٢) ﲏﺎﺜﻟا ﳼﺎﺒﻌﻟا ﴫﻌﻟا ﰲ يرﺎﻀﳊاو
.٨ص ,ﺔﻓﻼﳋا راد مﻮﺳر :ﺊﺑﺎﺼﻟا (١)
١٠
