Pawn Endings

326 Pages·1973·26.864 MB·English

by  Averbach Yury, Maizelis Ilya

PawnE ndigsn
'Witghr atittuod e
·
RicharSdharmaann dJ ohnG refe'
AnotherG RANDMASTERS Reprint
PawnE ndings
YURIA V ERBAKH,I . MAIZELIS
TranslbayMt aeryd L asher
•
B.T .B atfso rLdt dL,o ndon
Contents
Translator's preface
V1l
Editorp'rse face ix
Foreword xi
Introduction 1
Critiocrka elsy q uarIensv.as ipooni nts 2
DistancOepsp.o siCtoi-oonr.d siqunaartese 5
1 King andp awn king 16
v.
2 King andt wo-pawnski ng 21
v.
3 Pawn pawn 2-4-
v.
1P awnso nt hsea mfiel e 24
2P awns ona djaficleesn t 30
3B otpha wnsp assed 33
4 Twop awns one 41
v.
IC onnectepda wns 41
2I solaptaewdns 77
3D oubled pawns 98
aP awnso na djacfielnets 100
bP awnosn t hsea mfiel e 103
5 Twop awns twop awns 109
v.
1E ndgamweistp has sepadwns 109
a Twop asspeadw ns 109
b Onep assepda wn 115
2 Withopuasts epda wns 125
aC onnectpeadw nsv .c onnectpeadw ns 125
bC onnecptaewdnv s.i solaptaewdns 130
Isolavn.ii sso lanis 135
c
Contents
vi
6 Threpea wns tw<?a ndt hrepea wns 150
v.
1W itlzp assepda wns 150
2 Withopuasts epda wnr 167
7 Developmeonftt h et heoroyfc o-ordinasqtuea res 192
1N ormalo pposi(trieocnt asnygsutelma)r 193
2T riangsyusltaerm 197
3E ighstq uasryes tem 209
4' T'sy stem 220
5S omoeb servaatnidoc nso nclusz'ons 226
8 Endgamewsi tmha nyp awns 234
1S omtee chnpircoacle dures 234
2P ositiaodnvaaln taangdde iss advantages 250
3E xamploefps o sitimoannaole uvring 269
9 Pawne ndgametsha lte atdo q ueeenn dgames 287
1Q ueevn.p awn 287
2T ransiitnitaooq n u eeennd game 293
10 Matingt hel onkei ng 300
1M atwei tthh mea jopri eces 300
2M atew itthh mei nopri eces 301
Indeoxf p layecrosm,p osearnsda nalysts 307
Comparatiinvdee oxfe xamplneu mbers 313
TranslaPtroerf'asc e
Inli ibso okP,a wEnn dgisnM,a izelpirse seanu tnsi quceo ntributtoti hoen
theoroyfk inagn dp awne ndgameNso.t o nldyo ehse g ivues t hem ost
comprehensstiuvedo yn k inagn dp awne ndinagvsa ilaibnlE en glish,
butm,o reovehrec, l ariafinedsd evelotphsen ew,fa scinaatnidnp gr acti­
cala pproatcoht heseen din'gtsh,te h eoroyfc oordinsaqtuea reYses',.
thea uthoartt imesh asp referrteosd i desdtierpe rcotu tteose xplanation,
buth idse votitootn h eg amet ouchebdyh isp rodigicoruesa ttiavlee nt
havep roducae cdl aswsoirck o np awne ndgames.
Thet ranslarteolru ctadnetcliyd teodc onvetrhteR ussiaanl gebraic
notatiionnt Eon glidsehs cripatisav tet ,h ep resetnitm em ostE nglish
speakicnhge sse nthusipasrtesf tehri ssy steAmn.y c onfusoivoen'r w hose
squarteh'a ste emetdoa rihsaes b eeonv ercobmyet hei nsertoifao n( W)
or( B)a ftethre squaren'ost atiSoono.n m,a y morep eoplree alitzhee
simplicitya,n dls ougpiecr,i oorfai ltgye brnaoitca tion.
Besidteh ed iagratmhses ymbo'l+s,=,-,+/=/,-'e,t hca ver eplaced
thew ord'sw ind,r awl,o ssW,h itet om ovew insa ndB lactko m ove
draws, Btloam cokv el oseasn'ds of ortah D,a viHdoo peri nvention.
To thef ollowfirnige ntdhse t ranslawtiosrh etso e xpreas sd eep
gratitudFeo:r merW orldJ unioCrh ampionI,n ternatiMoansatle r
JuliKoa planw,h ofi rsstu ggesttehdip sr ojetcotm e,a ndc orrected
exampleN o.5 81R;. R.Sn.o,t o nlyf orh is macnoyn tributainodn s
improvemetnott hse t exbtu,t e specifaolhrli yts i meU;S S eniMoars ter
JohnG refweh,o besidoeffse rinvga luabslueg gestipornoso,f retahde
entimraen uscriapntda; l sAol anB ensoMna,r shFaa biaDne,n niFsr it­
zingeRro,b erHta mmie,E arPl. L asheIrI IJ,e rrOy' DelEld,w ard
RosenthKaalr,e nS nowR osenthaaln,d m y parenDtsr,.E arlL asher,
Jr.a ndC harloZtatueg gL asher.
Readersp,l eansoet et hacto rrectainodns su ggestairoenw se lcome.
Addresyso url ettteor: s
Mr.P eteKre mrnis-Betty
cfoB .T .B atsfoLrtdd,.
4F itzhardSitnrgeee t
LondonW,l H OAH
England
thank-yMoauy. y ougr ow fromt hibso ok.
MaryL asher
BerkeClaeyl,if ornia
vii
EditoPrr'esf ace
Severcahla ngheasv bee emna def rotmh eo rigiRnuasls ieadni tion.
Thesea re:
1 Thee xamplhesa veb eenr enumberIends.t eoafdt wos equences
(1-1a9n d1 -41w0i)t mha nye xamplneusm ber'eada' n d' b't,h eirse
nowo nes eque1n-c9e11 ( thoer iginnuamlb eriisrn egt aifnoeCrdh apter
10)A. c omparaitnidvexoe ft hecshea ngiests ob ef ounodnp .
313.
. T2h ivso lwneh abse eunp datweidt mha nya dditieoxnaamlp les:
a)a cknowledgeamreedn utets o T . D.H ardiwnhgo r esearched
neartlwye ntyye arsi's suoesfS halchmatyv SSSRa ndS halchmatny
BulleTthisi nr.e seaarncdth h epseeri odipcraolvsi tdhebed u lokft he
additimoantaelr ial.
b)f urtmhaetre rhiaasble esne lecftreodm :
ShtNoado �,naotb E ndspile-AvYew:riba kh
Chess-aanr tibcylD erE uwe
BritisChh esMsa aine-thes eri'esE ndgaomfet heM onthb'y D r
g �
Euwe
600V lgjdtik-LaPjoorst iasncdBh a laSzasr kozy
Zavrshn'it e-O renNe deljkovic
z
Shalr:hmatTnvooer cheBsottvvoi nnikVa-.De .dB .a turinsky
andv ariotuosu rnambeonotka sn db ulletins.
c)o ft hmea sosf a vailmaabtlee rtihaaltt,ob ei ncluwdaesda greed
byt heed itioncr o nsultwaittiRho. Gn . W ade.
3 Thea dditiomnaatle risaell echtaesdr esulitnet dh ef ollowing
changes:
a)N ewex ample2s2:2 2,7 62,8 54,0 54,3 24,6 05,8 05,9 86,0 06,1 1,
615,630,763,764,7675,,779721,,779845,,77985,801,802,805,819.
b)M odificatitooen xsa mploersi ginailntl hyRe u ssieadni ti7o3n,:
991,2 5, 279,3 895,5 25,7 25,9 96,0 1646,, 6506,9 57,1 17,3 37,5 3,
7867,9 87,9 98,3 33. ( icnh ap1.0 ).
c)M odificatio(nasbs ) b,u tm adeb yt het ransl2a7t9o3,r0 :35 ,8 1,
5887,2 9.
Then umpeorfd iagrahmsas b eeinn creabsyae bdo u2t0 0t o 632.
4
5 Ani ndexo fn ameso fp layers, caonmdpa onsaelryshsta ssa lsboe en
included.
KeviJn.O ' Connell
LondonD,e cemb1er9 73
viii
Foreword
Withitnh ee xtensliivtee raotfuc rhees ss,t udioents h efi naplh asoef t he
game-the endgame-bheaevnce o mparativfeelwyT. h et heoryo ft he
endgamhea se volvaeldo nag d ifferepnatt hf romt haotf t heo penionrg
the middlegaTmhee.e xplanatfiotorhn i issr ootiendt heh istooryfc hess
itselCfh.es st heoroyr iginaitnae dt imew hent her omantsitcy loeft he
Italisacnh ool-sac hooolf g ambiotp eninagnsd h eadlonagt tacks
againtshtek ing-reigsnuepdr emTeh.e c ourseo ft heg amed epended
onm omentar'yi nspiracthiaonnc'ce,o mbinatoiroa n s uccesstfrualp .
Frequentpllyay n evelras tedto t hee ndgameT.h e struggulseu ally
terminaitnet dh em iddlegaomrpe e rhaipns' tohpee niwnig tthh em ate
oft hee nemyk ingh,e b eintgh em osta llurianngd ,i nf actt,h eo nly
targefto ar na ttaicnkt hosdea ysf,a lliunngd ear h aiolf b lowasc com­
paniebdy s acrifi(cwehse thseoru nodr n ot)T.h ee ndgamweas looked
uponas ab orinugn,i nteresptairontfg t hep lay'.I nspirawtainoend'
ande lementmairys takaensdb lundewresr ec ommitted.
A deepeurn derstanodfic nhges sg raduallleydt ot hed evelopment
oft echniqfuoesr p ositiopnlaalya ndd efencIet.b ecamhea rdetro
concluad eg amei n' thgeo od old' style. More tahned more often
struggle coinnttiaonn ue endd inAgn.d heraen a dvantaogfae single
'insignificpaanwtnf' r equenptrloyv edde cisasi vteh apta wn,i nexorably
pushefdo rwardw,a sa blteo r eacthh el astr anakn dt ransfiotsrme ilnfto
a queenT.h em aximo ft hef amous1 8tche ntuFrrye ncchh essplayer,
AndreP hilidtohra,'t t hpea wnsa ret hes ouolf c hesmsos't effectively
demonstrtahteesi ncrearsoeldoe f p awnsAn.d notb yc oincidednicde
thigrse atm astert,h efirs tt of ormulaan tuem beorf p rincicpolnecse rning
positionpalla ya,u thosro mee ndgamaen alystihsah ta sr etainietsd
significaenvceent oday.
Thust hen umber oft heoretsitcuadli oesn t hee ndgamger ewb,u t
fora lontgi mec omprehenswiovrekos n a ltly peso fe ndingwse ren ot
availaTbhliews. as duet oy eta nothfearc tor.
Differetnats kcso nfrotnhto sweh os tudtyh eo peninagn dt hosew ho
treatth ee ndgame. Someittii sim mesp ossiabnldfre e quentulnyn eces­
sartyo a nalyzexeh austianv eolpye ninsgy steomr e vena variation
withiann openinbgu,t w itht hee ndgamaen othesri tuateixoins ts
entireHleyr.ea mathematicaaclcluyr aatnea lytsaiksin gin taoc count
everys ingposlsei bilaintdyp roducinag r igoroudseltye rmirneseudl its
quitoeft enr equirIenda . g amebe tween twov erys trocnhge ssplayers
whoh avem asteroepde nintgh eorya ndt hel awcso veritnhgem iddle­
game, thep layi.negl ementth,e fi ghtingq ualiotfyt heg ame,s till
predominaBtuestm. a nye ndgampoes itionasr e subtjoee xcatca tn alysis,
ande ndi na predetermianneddu navoidawbalyet haetv etnh eh ighest
degreeo fs killca nnota lter.
Thegr eatm ajoriotfcy h essa uthors, partitchuosleia nrth ley p ast,
ix
Foreword
X
viewecdh espsr imariflryo mi ts' playiansgp'e catn d thusf ailetdo
accorsdu fficieanttt enttioot nh ee ndgame.
A comprehensiwvoer kd evoteedx clusitvoee lnyd ingwsa sB erger's
booke ntitlTehde oruinedP raxdiesEr n dspiTehleefi .rs te ditiaopnp eared
in1 890a nda consideraebnllya rgaendd r evisseedc onedd itiwoans
publishiend1 92.2T hisl asetd itiiosnc onsid.e ar ecdl assaincd e ven
today uphiotlssdi sg nificance.
The firste ndgameh andbootko a ppeairn R ussiawna sp rinted
durintgh eS ovieetr ab y IlyaR abinovicahn dt itlEendd shp(ifilrs t
editi1o9n2 7s;e conedd iti1o9n3 8T)h.i sm anuawla so fg reaptr actical
valuteo S oviecth essplaByuetrm so.r et ha2n0 yearhsa vep assesdi nce
thel asetd itioofnE ndshpainld i nr ecentti meRsa binovicbho'oskh as
virtuablelcyo mael iterary Irnat rhiemt eya.n timteh,e rhea so ccurred
thea ccumulatoifow ni dep ractiecxaple rienacned t hec ompletioofn
manyn ewe ndgamree searpcrho jecStesv.e reanld gambeo okhsa vbee en
publishaebdr oadA.m ongt hesEeu we'ls2 •volusmeet T,h eE ndgame,
Fine'Bsa siCch esEsn dingwso,r kbs yC heronG,a wlikowsaknido thers
desermveen tion.
Thep ublicatoifao nn ew booko nt hee ndgamteh astp eaktsoo ur
higherra nked chessapnldac yoenrtsa ithnes l atetshte oretjiucdaglm ents
anda chievemefnrtosmp ractipclaalhy asl ongb eeno verduIen.p re­
parinsgu cha booki,tb ecamcel eatrh atth em asso fm aterieaxlc eeded
thel imiotfas s ingvloel ume. Therietwf aosdr eec,i dtehda tth reveo lumes
(actuafloluyvr o lumeusn detrh resee paractoev erssh)o ulbdep ublished
tod eawli tha lbla sitcy peosfc hesesn dings.
Thefi rsvto lumter eatthsr ekei ndosf e ndgamepsa:w nsb,i shoapnsd
knigh(ttsh Een glilsahn guaegdei tihoanss eparattehde se tehnrdeien gs
inttow os eparavtoel umePsa,w nE ndinbgesi ntgh ipsr esenvto lume­
translatFoorl)l.o wiesntga blishterda dititohni,vs o lumbee ginsw ith
a shorstk etcohn' Matintgh eL oneK ing'(.I nt heE ngliesdhi titohni s
appeaarssC hapte1r0 -ed.)
Theb ooki si ntendperdi marfiolcryl a'sAs' p laye(r'sc ounptlya'y ers)
anda bovea,l thouignhd ividcuhaalp temrasy beu seffuolr l esesx per­
iencerde aderCsh.a pte7r o fP awnE ndingcso ntaimnosr ed ifficult
materitahla nt heo thesre ctiaonndsa ims primaraitlty h ee xpertp layer.
Volumet wow ildle alw ithe ndingosfb ishovpe rsuksn ighrtoo,k
endinagns dq ueene ndingAsl.lo theern dgamewsi lble e xamineidna
thirvdo lume.
Understandambalnyy,p roblemasr isdeu rintgh ep roductioofan
worko ft hiksi nda,n ds omee rrorsw ilplr obabsllyi ipn ,b utc ritical
observatiboynr se adewrisl·hl e ltpo e limintahtees iena futuerde ition.
Pleasaed dresasl lc ommenttso M oskvaM,a l.G nezdnikovpsekry.
3.I zdatel'sFtivzok ultsuproar t'.
i
YuriA verbakh
INTRODUCTION
AndreP hilidfoarm'osu msax im,' The b�inmgo reo rl esisn fluencbeyd h is
pawnas ret hes ouolfc hess'i,ss tivlall idp redecoersss.
todaya,l thougiht n ow impartas None of thesweo rksh,o wever,
mored istianncdtp rofou(nndo l ongera ttemptteodo utlionred evelotph e
entirePlhyi loirdianm)e aningc on­generatlh eoryo f pawn endings.
cerningr otlhoeefp awnsi nc hess. Bergewra sm ostliyn teresitnet dh e
Normallyt hep awnsf orm the concepotf' oppositainodin t'ps r acti­
foundatioofan p ositiaonnd l argelcya la pplicatiRoanbsi;n oviacdhd ed
determiintess p ecifaela turTesh.e y thei deao f' co-ordinsaqtuea reBsu't.
become extraordiniamrpiolryt ainnt anys earcfho ra wellde finetdh eor­
thee ndgamweh eret hep rimargyo ale ticfaolu ndatoioftn h mee thoedms­
ist op romotae p awni ntao queen.p loyebdy t hestew oau thowrosu ldb e
Pawne ndingcso mpritshee b asifso r inv ain.
moste ndgames,a ndin piece endiitn gTso dayt heorcyo ntaimnest hodfso r
isn ecessatrocy a lcultahteep ossibilai ­muchb roadecro nceptsuyanlt hesis
tieosfa pawne nding. ofs uche ndingasn d hass etd own
Tremendoduesp tihsh iddebne hindn umeroursu l�tsof acilitthaeat cet ual
thea pparesnitm plicoifpt ayw ne nd­playo f many complepxa wn end­
gamesB.u tt heir pecualtti iamre,s g amesA.c quainttihnegr eadewri th
incomprehensible, manya tbuer te--hemseet hodisst heg oalo ft hiwso rk,
explaintehdr ougthh eg enerlaalw osf which makaens o riginaatlt emptto
pawne ndingasn,dt heg radueavlo lu­presenat u nifietdh eoroyf pawn
tioonf c hesst heory. endings-siunc ahw ay,o fc oursteh,a t
The developmeonftt h et heoroyf thitsh eormya y be considecroemd­
pawn endingiss a n extensiavned pletbeyt odasyt'asn dards.
complepxr ocessa,lt lh er amificationTsh et heoorfyp awne ndinhgassb een
of whicha rev eryd ifficulitf,n ot basedo n thee xperienocfme asters
impossiblteo, folwl.o The initiaanld t hea nalytisctauld oyf i nnumer­
accumulatioofn m ateriaaln d itsa bleex am les. Alseon,d gamceo m­
p
analytitceaslt icnogv eraende xtrempeo­sersh avem adel argceo ntributions
lyl ongp erioBde.r gewrr otteh ef irstth rougahr tistainca lysainsd the
primitiavtet empatt a scientiefxipco sitoiofcn e raing eneralla ws.
t
systematizaotfi cohne sse ndgamesT.h e authorosf suchc ompositions
Laterc ame booksb y Rabinovic(ha,n dt heisro ltuionasr)c c reditiend
EuweFi,n ea ndC herone,a cha uthort het ext.