Table Of ContentLucian Mihai Itu · Puneet Sharma
Constantin Suciu E ditors
Patient-specifi c
Hemodynamic
Computations: Application
to Personalized Diagnosis of
Cardiovascular Pathologies
Patient-specifc Hemodynamic
Computations: Application to Personalized
Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Pathologies
Lucian Mihai Itu • Puneet Sharma
Constantin Suciu
Editors
Patient-specifc
Hemodynamic
Computations: Application
to Personalized Diagnosis of
Cardiovascular Pathologies
Editors
Lucian Mihai Itu Constantin Suciu
Transilvania University of Brasov Siemens Corporate Technology
Brasov Brasov
Romania Romania
Puneet Sharma
Medical Imaging Technologies
Siemens Healthcare
Princeton, New Jersey
USA
ISBN 978-3-319-56852-2 ISBN 978-3-319-56853-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56853-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017943812
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specifcally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microflms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specifc statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors
or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims
in published maps and institutional affliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature
The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, globally. Of these deaths,
approximately 42% are caused by coronary artery disease.
Hemodynamic computations represent a state-of-the-art approach for patient-
specifc assessment of cardiovascular pathologies. Thus, blood fow computations,
when used in conjunction with patient-specifc anatomical models extracted from
medical images, provide important insights into the structure and function of the
cardiovascular system. In recent years, these techniques have been proposed for
diagnosis, risk stratifcation, and surgical planning.
The aim of this book is to present modern approaches for truly patient-specifc
diagnosis of cardiovascular pathologies (e.g., coronary artery disease, aortic coarc-
tation), based on personalized computational blood fow models. All personalized
computational models introduced herein are validated against patient-specifc mea-
surements in relatively large patient cohorts (n = 4–90). High-performance comput-
ing solutions are further introduced, which reduce the execution time of the
computational models, rendering them suitable for routine clinical workfows.
The foundation of the works presented herein has been the excellent collabora-
tion over many years between Siemens, with its offces in Brasov, Romania
(Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL), and Princeton, NJ, USA (Medical Imaging
Technologies, Siemens Healthcare), the Transilvania University of Brasov, the
University Politehnica of Bucharest, and the Clinical Emergency Hospital of
Bucharest. Hence, the methods and results presented herein are the result of a
unique synergy between academia, industry, and clinical research.
Specifcally, the seven chapters of the book present the development of reduced-
order multiscale hemodynamic models for coronary artery disease, aortic coarcta-
tion, and whole-body circulation, which can be applied in routine clinical settings
for personalized diagnosis. Advanced parameter estimation frameworks are intro-
duced for calibrating the parameters of the models.
The chapters are written for scientists in the feld of biomedical engineering
focusing on pathologies of the cardiovascular system, as well as for research-
oriented physicians in cardiology and industrial players in the feld of healthcare
technologies.
We would further like to acknowledge that the work was partially supported by
the program Partnerships in Priority Domains (PN II), fnanced by ANCS,
v
vi Preface
CNDI – UEFISCDI, under the project no. 130/2012, and by the European Union’s
Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no.
600932.
The editors express their gratitude to the contributors of the seven chapters and
to other collaborators who put enormous effort in preparing the examples, running
the software, and drawing the fgures.
We are all deeply grateful to our families who have supported us over many years
in this work.
Brasov, Romania Lucian Mihai Itu
New Jersey, USA Puneet Sharma
Brasov, Romania Constantin Suciu
Contents
1 C omputational Modeling of the Human Cardiovascular System . . . . 1
Puneet Sharma, Lucian Itu, and Constantin Suciu
2 T he Cardiovascular System and the Coronary Circulation . . . . . . . . . 13
Elisabeta Badila, Lucian Calmac, Diana Zamfr, Daniela Penes,
Emma Weiss, and Vlad Bataila
3 P atient-Specific Modeling of the Coronary Circulation . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Tiziano Passerini, Lucian Itu, and Puneet Sharma
4 A Parameter Estimation Framework for Patient-Specific
Assessment of Aortic Coarctation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Lucian Itu, Puneet Sharma, Tiziano Passerini, Ali Kamen,
and Constantin Suciu
5 Lumped Parameter Whole Body Circulation Modelling . . . . . . . . . . 111
Viorel Mihalef, Lucian Itu, Tommaso Mansi, and Puneet Sharma
6 Three Dimensional Reconstruction and Hemodynamic
Information Extraction from Monoplane Angiography . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Irina Andra Tache
7 G PU-Based High Performance Computing: Employing
Massively Parallel Processors for Speeding-Up Compute
Intensive Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Constantin Suciu, Lucian Itu, Cosmin Nita, Anamaria Vizitiu,
Iulian Stroia, Laszlo Lazăr, Alina Gîrbea, Ulrich Foerster,
and Viorel Mihalef
vii
Contributors
Elisabeta Badila Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,
Romania
Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Bucharest, Romania
Vlad Bataila Interventional Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,
Romania
Lucian Calmac Interventional Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital,
Bucharest, Romania
Ulrich Foerster Corporate Technology, Siemens AG, Munich, Germany
Harz University of Applied Sciences, Wernigerode, Germany
Alina Gîrbea Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Automation and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov,
Brasov, Romania
Lucian Itu Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Automation and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov,
Brasov, Romania
Ali Kamen Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton, NJ,
USA
Laszlo Lazăr Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Tommaso Mansi Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton,
NJ, USA
Viorel Mihalef Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton,
NJ, USA
Cosmin Nita Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Automation and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov,
Brasov, Romania
ix
x Contributors
Tiziano Passerini Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare,
Princeton, NJ, USA
Daniela Penes Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,
Romania
Puneet Sharma Medical Imaging Technologies, Siemens Healthcare, Princeton,
NJ, USA
Iulian Stroia Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Automation and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov,
Brasov, Romania
Constantin Suciu Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Automation and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov,
Brasov, Romania
Irina Andra Tache Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering,
University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Anamaria Vizitiu Corporate Technology, Siemens SRL, Brasov, Romania
Automation and Information Technology, Transilvania University of Brasov,
Brasov, Romania
Emma Weiss Internal Medicine, Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest,
Romania
Internal Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy,
Bucharest, Romania
Diana Zamfr Laboratory of Echocardiography, Clinical Emergency Hospital,
Bucharest, Romania
Computational Modeling of the Human
1
Cardiovascular System
Puneet Sharma, Lucian Itu, and Constantin Suciu
Abstract
Hemodynamic computations represent a modern approach for the patient-s pecifc
diagnosis of cardiovascular pathologies . hT ese are ab sed on data acuq ired through
medical imaging , and Computational lF uid Dynamics C( DF ,) hw ich is one of the
maoj r topic areas in the feld of u� id mechanics , employing numerical methods and
algorithms for solving and analyzing applications related to u� id movements . iS nce
the cardiovascular system is a closed-loop system , the simulations performed for
particular segment have to taek into account the inu� ence of the other cardiovascu-
lar components . Hoew ver , since CDF ab sed computations are computationally
epx ensive , multiscale models have eb en proposed , hw ich comib ne detailed three-
dimensional modeling in the region of interest iw th one- or zero-dimensional mod-
eling for the remaining components of the cardiovascular system . iF nally , parallel
processing techniuq es are typically employed to further reduce the eex cution time.
1.1 I ntroduction
hT e modeling of arterial hemodynamics is ab sed on the theory of u� id mechanics .
Computational lF uid Dynamics C( DF ) is one of the maoj r topic areas in the feld of
u� id mechanics , hw ich employs numerical methods and algorithms for solving and
P . hS arma ( * )
eM dical mI aging eT chnologies , iS emens Healthcare , 57 College oR ad ,
Princeton , JN ,04580 ASU
e-mail: sharmap.
