Patient Care in Radiography: With an Introduction to Medical Imaging

483 Pages·2008·61.61 MB·English

by  Ruth Ann Ehrlich RT(R)

Patient C -

Patient Care
in Radiography
WITH AN INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGING
SEVENTH EDITION
To access your Student Resources, visit:
http:llevolve.elsevier.comlEhrlichlradiographyl
Diagnostic ECC Content
Patient Care Procedure Checklists
WebLinks
Patient Care
in Radiography
WITH AN INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMAGING
SEVENTH EDITION
RUTH ANN EHRLICH, RT(R)
~ d b n cFfa culty
Portland Community College
Portland, Oregon
JOAN A. DALY, RT(R), MBA
Facu/p/C!ini col Coordinator
Radiography Program
Portland Communiv College
Portland, Oregon
11830 Westline Industrial Drive
St. Louis, Missouri 63146
PATIENT CARE IN RADIOGRAPHY, WITH AN INTRODUCIION ISBN: 978-0-323-05178-1
TO MEDICAL IMAGING, SEVENTH EDITION
Copyright O 2009,2004,1999,1993,1989,1985,1981 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
AU rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system,
without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Rights
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[email protected] ou may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier website at
http://www.elsevier.com/permissions.
Notice
Neither the Publisher nor the Authors assume any responsibility for any loss or injury andlor damage to
persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. It is the
responsibility of the treating practitioner, relying on independent expertise and knowledge of the patient, to
determine the best treatment and method of application for the patient.
The Publisher
Library of Congress Control Number 2007936331
Vice President and Publisher: Andrew Allen
Publisher: Jeanne Wilke
Associate Developmental Editor: Luke Held
Publishing Services Manager: Melissa Lastarria
Project Manager: Mary Pohlman
Book Designer: Kim Denando
Working together to grow
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Printed in Canada
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Anne Mulligan, BSN, MS
Practical Nursing Program Faculty
Olympic College
Poulsbo, Washington
Rose M. Aehle, RT(R)(M), MS Suzanne M. Kelley, MEd, BSN, RN, RVT
Program Coordinator Assistant Professor
Radiologic Technology Department Health Care Sciences Department
Montgomery College The George Washington University
Takoma Park, Maryland Washington, D.C.
Joseph R. Bittengle, MEd, RT(R)(ARRT) Starla L. Mason, MS, RT(R)(QM)
Division Director Program Director
Imaging and Radiation Sciences Department Radiography Department
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Laramie County Community College
Little Rock, Arkansas Cheyenne, Wyoming
Christi Carter, MSRS, RT(R) Christy Moriarty, MEd, RT(R)(M)
Faculty Director Department Chair
Radiologic Science Department Radiologic Technology Department
Brookhaven College Delaware Technical and Community College
Farmers Branch, Texas Georgetown, Delaware
Ellen Colbeck-Taylor, BA, RT(R) Selina Mclntire Muccio, MEd, BA, RT(R)
Radiography Program Director Educational Course Developer
Health Professions Department Radiology Department
Richland Community College University of Colorado at Denver and
Decatur, Illinois Health Sciences Center
Denver, Colorado
M. Elia Flores, MEd, RT(R)
Program Director Francis Ozor, EdD, MPH, MEd, BS, AAS,
Radiology Department RT(R)(ARRT)
Blinn College Program Director, Associate Professor
Bryan, Texas Radiologic Technology Department
Bacone College
Robert F. George, MA, CNMT, RT(N) Muskogee, Oklahoma
Faculty
Radiology Department Christine E. Salvanelli, AS, RT(R)
University of New Mexico Clinical Coordinator, Professor
Albuquerque, New Mexico Radiologic Technology Department
North Shore Community College
Melissa 0. Haye, MS, RT(R) Danvers. Massachusetts
Director, Assistant Professor
School of Nursing and Allied Health
Bluefield State College
Bluefield, West Virginia
vi REVIEWERS
Lucy M. Smythe, AS, BS, JD, RT(R) Renee F. Tossell, PhD, RT(R)(M)(CV)
Clinical Coordinator, Radiologic Technology Program Clinical Coordinator, Instructional Faculty
Health & Human Service Careers Radiologic Technology Department
Lansing Community College Pima Community College
Lansing, Michigan Tucson, Arizona
Jeffrey E. Stiles Jayne L. Wisniewski, BS, RT(R)
Program Director Clinical Coordinator
Radiologic Technology Department Columbia St. Mary's School of Radiologic Technology
St. Johns River Community College Milwaukee, Wisconsin
St. Augustine, Florida
Nancy W. Zekos, AS, RT(R)(M)(CT)
Kimberly R. Todd, BS, RT(R) Clinical Coordinator, Faculty
Assistant Professor of Radiography Radiologic Technology Department
Allied Health, Radiography Department Lebanon College
Jackson State Community College Lebanon, New Hampshire
Jackson. Tennessee
During the past 27 years, Patient Care in Radiography Content has been updated to reflect current informa-
has expanded to meet the changing needs of students tion and infection control guidelines from the CDC
and technologists in radiography and other medical im- and to be consistent with Occupational Safety and
aging modalities. It is a resource that provides an intro- Health Administration (OSHA) recommendations.
duction to these professions and an orientation to the This information will help to ensure the well-being
hospital environment. First and foremost, however, it is of radiographers by raising ergonomic standards in
a fundamental text on patient care, designed and writ- the workplace and by minimizing risks of exposure
ten to help radiographers meet patient needs. The reader to bloodborne pathogens.
learns to care for the patient effectively while function- The discussions of medicolegal issues and important
ing as a responsible and valuable member of the health procedures needed to comply with the Health Insur-
care team, from the introduction to the patient, through ance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
routine procedures and emergency situations, to the have been expanded in Chapter 2.
final recording of events in the medical record. More information on human diversity and cultural
While the primary goal is centered on patient care, attitudes toward health care, plus a completely re-
concern for those who provide that care is also an es- vised and expanded section on age-specific commu-
sential focus in this text. Discussions of significant nication and care, has been added in Chapter 3.
aspects of self-care and professional development are Additional information on ergonomic safety of
included in the following chapters: particular interest to sonographers is included in
Chapter 1 incorporates important self-care concepts Chapter 4.
into the section on radiation safety. Chapters 5 and 7 contain the latest information from
Chapter 2 contains discussions on career planning, both the CDC and OSHA with respect to infection
malpractice prevention, and legal considerations. control and bloodborne pathogen safety.
Chapter 3 describes professional attitudes and strat- The information on patient assessment in Chapter 6
egies for dealing with burnout and grief. is improved with enhancement of the discussion on
Chapter 4 includes sections on environmental and talung a clinical history and streamlining of the sec-
ergonomic safety. tion on electrocardiography (ECG). The ECG con-
Chapter 5 provides Standard Precautions and ad- tent from the sixth edition is available online at the
ditional guidelines for infection control as recom- Evolve site, which is described in a following section.
mended by The Centers for Disease Control and The number of Spanish phrases in Appendix C has
Prevention (CDC). been greatly increased to help radiographers com-
Applying these principles is critical to your well- municate more effectively with non-English-speak-
being and your ability to provide good care to others. ing patients.
NEW TO THIS EDITION LEARNING ENHANCEMENTS
As in previous editions, the seventh edition of Patient If you have used the sixth edition of this text, you
Care in Radiography contains updated and new infor- will note that its organizational structure and chapter
mation designed to keep students and practicing ra- sequence are retained in this edition. The reading level
diographers up to date in this rapidly changing field: is comfortable for the student radiographer without
Every effort has been made to address the content being overly simplistic. Again, we have done our best
of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists to retain those features that readers have appreciated
(ASRT) curriculum for radiography that falls within in previous editions:
the general scope of the text and to provide both Step-by-step procedures are shown in photo
content and learning tools that will aid in imple- essays, and patient care is integrated with proce-
menting the ASRT curriculum guidelines. dural skills.
viii PREFACE
Additional pedagogical elements, such as learn- participation through chat rooms and discussion
ing objectives, key terms lists, illustrations, tables, boards. Evolve allows instructors to post exams and
boxes, comprehensive bulleted summaries, review manage their grade books online.
questions, and critical thinking exercises, have been The instructor resources for Patient Care in Radi-
retained and improved. ography are available online on Evolve and consist of
Outlines have been added to each chapter. the following:
These features can be incorporated into classroom An instructor's resource manual, which is a guide
objectives and activities and will also enhance the ef- for the instructor to be used in the development of
fectiveness of individual study. class presentations, clinical experiences, and evalu-
The chapters of this text were designed to be used ations of student learning. Included in this manual
consecutively; each section builds on the preceding in- are course design, classroom activities, chapter sum-
formation. A basic glossary is included for quick refer- maries and outlines, audiovisual supplements, plus
ence, but please bear in mind that it is not meant to answers and key concepts to support the study ques-
replace the more detailed definitions and discussions tions and critical thinking exercises in the text.
found in a good encyclopedic medical dictionary. A test bank that offers more than 450 multiple-choice
We hope this book proves to be a valuable resource questions that can be sorted by subject matter.
to you as you care for patients in the challenging field An image collection that includes all the images from
of medical imaging. the text, and each can be printed out or transferred
to other files as presentation graphics.
The student Evolve site includes an in-depth dis-
t-v.11~v.4 ONLINE RESOURCES
cussion of ECG, as well as Patient Care Procedure
Evolve is an interactive learning environment designed Checklists for documenting that objectives related to
to work in coordination with Patient Care in Radiogra- specific patient care procedures have been met, either
phy. Instructors may use Evolve to provide an Internet- in the laboratory or in the clinical setting.
based course component that reinforces and expands For more information, visit http://evolve.elsevier.
the concepts presented in class. Evolve may be used to com/Ehrlich/radiography/ or contact an Elsevier sales
publish the class syllabus, outlines, and lecture notes; representative.
set up "virtual office hours" and e-mail communica- Ruth Ann Ehrlich
tion; share important dates and information through Joan A. Daly
the online class calendar; and encourage student