Pathology : PreTest self-assessment and review

625 Pages·2010·5.36 MB·English

by  Earl Brown, Earl Brown

Pathology
PreTestTM Self-Assessment and Review
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Pathology
PreTestTM Self-Assessment and Review
Thirteenth Edition
Earl J.BrownMD
Professor
Department of Pathology
Quillen College of Medicine
East Tennessee State University
Johnson City, Tennessee
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To Traci, Love and Namaste.
Student Reviewers
Jodie Bachman
UMDNJ
School of Osteopathic Medicine
Class of 2011
Andrew Degnan
George Washington University
Class of 2011
Sheree Perron
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Class of 2010
Kelvin Young
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Class of 2010
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
High-Yield Facts
High-Yield Facts in Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
General Pathology
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Cardiovascular System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Hematology
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Respiratory System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Head and Neck
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Gastrointestinal System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
vii
viii Contents
Urinary System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Reproductive Systems
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Endocrine System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
Skin
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Musculoskeletal System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540
Nervous System
Questions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
Laboratory Values
Substance Source Normal
Albumin Serum 3.2-4.5 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase Serum 20-130 IU/L
Bicarbonate Plasma 21-28 mM
Bilirubin, direct (conjugated) Serum <0.3 mg/dL
Bilirubin, indirect (unconjugated) Serum 0.1-1.0 mg/dL
Bilirubin, total Serum 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
BUN Serum 8-23 mg/dL
Calcium Serum 9.2-11.0 mg/dL
(4.6-5.5 meq/L)
Chloride Serum 95-103 meq/L
Cholesterol Serum 150-250 mg/dL
Creatinine Serum 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
GGT (γ-glutamyltransferase) Serum 5-40 IU/L
Glucose (fasting) Serum 70-110 mg/dL
Insulin Plasma 4-24 µIU/mL
Iron Serum 60-150 µg/dL
Iron saturation Serum 20-55%
Osmolality Serum 280-295 mosm/L
Phosphorus Serum 2.3-4.7 mg/dL
Potassium Plasma 3.8-5.0 meq/L
Protein Serum 6.0-7.8 g/dL
Sodium Plasma 136-142 meq/L
T resin uptake Serum 25-38 relative % uptake
3
Thyrotropin (TSH) Serum 0.5-5 µIU/mL
Thyroxine, free (FT) Serum 0.9-2.3 ng/dL
4
Thyroxine, total (T) Serum 5.5-12.5 µg/dL
4
Triiodothyronine (T) Serum 80-200 mg/dL
3
Hematology
Platelet count 150,000-450,000/µL
White cell count 4,440-11,000/µL
Lymphocyte count 1,000-4,800/µL
(about 34%)
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 80-96 µm3
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 27.5-33.2 pg
(MCH)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 33.4-35.5%
concentration (MCHC)
Hemoglobin Whole blood Female 12-16 g/dL
Male 13.5-18 g/dL
ix