Pathology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants

433 Pages·2020·12.973 MB·English

by  Victor R. Preedy (editor)

PATHOLOGY
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PATHOLOGY
Oxidative Stress and Dietary
Antioxidants
Edited by
V R. P
ICTOR REEDY
DepartmentofNutritionandDietetics,SchoolofLifeCourseSciences,
King’sCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom
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Contents
List of contributors xi Molecularmechanismsofdiabeticretinopathy 29
Preface xv Oxidativestressandreactiveoxygenspecies 30
Relationshipbetweenoxidativestressandotherbiochemical
I pathways 32
Oxidativestressandstructuralandfunctionalalterationsin
Oxidative Stress and Pathology diabeticretinopathy 33
Oxidativestress-relatedepigeneticmodificationsindiabetic
retinopathy 33
Conclusion 35
1. Free radicals: what they are and what they do
Summarypoints 35
EVATVRDA´ ANDFILIPBENKO References 35
Listofabbreviations 3
Introduction 3 4. Pathological bases of oxidative stress in the
Freeradicals:generalcharacteristics 4
development of cardiovascular diseases
Oxidativechainreactions 4
Selectedfreeandnonfreeradicals:characteristicsandbehavior 4 MARIANERO´VEROCOSTA,JE´SSICALEITEGARCIA,
Sourcesoffreeradicals 7 CAROLCRISTINAVA´GULADEALMEIDASILVA,
ANAPAULACOSTARODRIGUESFERRAZ,FABIANEVALENTINI
Oxidativestress 8
FRANCISQUETI-FERRON,ARTURJUNIOTOGNERIFERRONAND
Freeradicalsinhealthanddisease 10 CAMILARENATACORREˆA
Conclusion 11
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 11 Listofabbreviations 39
Summarypoints 11 Introduction 39
Acknowledgment 12 Mitochondrialproductionofreactivespecies 40
References 12 Roleofoxidativestressincardiovasculardisease 41
Summarypoints 46
References 47
2. Oxidative stress in pathologies of male
reproductive disorders
ASHOKAGARWAL,KRISTIANLEISEGANGANDPALLAVSENGUPTA 5. Pathological association between
oxidative stress and chronic obstructive
Listofabbreviations 15
pulmonary disease
Introduction 15
Redoxbiologyinmalereproduction 16 MAHMOODA.AL-AZZAWI
Oxidativestressandmalefactorinfertility 16
Assessmentofoxidativestressinthemalereproductivesystem 22 Listofabbreviations 49
Useofantioxidantsinmaleinfertilitytreatment 23 Introduction 49
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 24 Chronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseoverview 49
Conclusion 24 Oxidativestress 50
Summarypoints 24 Theroleofoxidativestressinchronicobstructivepulmonary
References 25 diseasepathogenesis 50
Environmentalreactivespeciesandchronicobstructive
pulmonarydisease 56
3. Oxidative stress and diabetic retinopathy Cellularreactivespeciesandchronicobstructivepulmonary
disease 58
KEMALTEKINANDMERVEINANCTEKIN
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 62
Listofabbreviations 29 Summarypoints 62
Introduction 29 References 62
v
vi
Contents
6. Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease and emerging Introduction 97
roles for antioxidants in treatment strategies Paraoxonase1:generalcharacteristics 98
Paraoxonase1inpediatricpopulations 100
YE¸sIMO¨ZTAS¸AND˙IFFET˙IPEKBOS¸GELMEZ Conclusion 102
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 102
Listofabbreviations 65
Summarypoints 103
Introduction 65
References 103
Epidemiologyandglobalburdenofsicklecelldisease 66
Clinicalmanifestationsofsicklecelldiseaseandtreatment
options 67 10. The regulation of intracellular redox
Pathophysiologyofsicklecelldisease 67
homeostasis in cancer progression and
Oxidativestressinsicklecelldiseasepathogenesis 69
its therapy
Agentstargetingantioxidantdefenseinsicklecelldisease
patients 72 PRITAMSADHUKHANANDPARAMESC.SIL
Futureprospects 72
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 73 Listofabbreviations 105
Summarypoints 73 Introduction 105
References 73 Roleofoxidativestressincarcinogenesis 107
Targetingoxidativestressincancertherapeutics 110
7. Nrf2 and oxidative stress Conclusion 112
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 112
OSAMUWADA-HIRAIKE
Summarypoints 113
References 113
Listofabbreviations 77
Introduction 77
Nrf2:function 77 II
Nrf2:relationwithdisease 80
Antioxidants and Pathology
DietarycompoundsthatcouldactivatetheNrf2
andNrf2/AREpathway 81
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 84
Summarypoints 84 11. Antioxidant and chelator cocktails to
References 84
prevent oxidative stress under iron-overload
conditions
8. Redox signaling and antioxidant defense in
pathogenic microorganisms: a link to disease and SIRINARTKUMFU,SIRIPORNCHATTIPAKORNANDNIPON
CHATTIPAKORN
putative therapy
ARISTIDISS.VESKOUKIS Listofabbreviations 117
Introduction 117
Listofabbreviations 87 Theeffectsofthecombinationofanironchelatorwith
Introduction 87 vitaminconoxidativestressandironstatusin
Oxidativestress:ashorthistoricaloverview 87 iron-overloadedconditions 118
Redoxsignaling:definitionandmechanisms 88 Theeffectsofacombinationofanironchelatorwith
Aparadox 88 silymarinonoxidativestressandironstatusin
Redoxsignalingasadeterminantforpathogenelimination iron-overloadedconditions 118
inthecontextofoxidativestress 89 TheeffectsofacombinationofanironchelatorwithN-
Redoxsignalingasadeterminantforpathogenthrivinginthe acetylcysteineonoxidativestressandironstatusiniron-
contextofoxidativestress 89 overloadedconditions 119
Theperceptionshift 90 Theeffectsofacombinationofanironchelatorwith
Theintriguingdualroleofantioxidants 90 vitaminEonoxidativestressandironstatusin
Associationofreactivespeciesandantioxidantswithputative iron-overloadedconditions 120
therapyagainstpathogens 92 Theeffectsofthecombinationofanironchelatorwith
Futureperspectivesintherapyagainstpathogens 93 curcuminoridebenoneonoxidativestressandiron
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 94 statusiniron-overloadedconditions 121
Summarypoints 94 Theeffectsofacombinationofanironchelator
References 94 withotherantioxidantsandmultiantioxidantson
oxidativestressandironstatusiniron-overloaded
9. Paraoxonase 1 as antioxidant enzyme in children conditions 123
MAXIMILIANOMARTI´N,VALERIAHIRSCHLER,ELIANABOTTAAND Applicationstootherareasofpathology 123
FERNANDOBRITES Summarypoints 124
Acknowledgments 124
Listofabbreviations 97 References 124
vii
Contents
12. Ac¸a´ı (Euterpe oleracea Martius) as an antioxidant Roleofascorbicacidinneuropsychiatricdisorders 161
Conclusion 163
PRISCILAOLIVEIRABARBOSA,MELINAOLIVEIRADESOUZA,DANIELA
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 164
PALAANDRENATANASCIMENTOFREITAS
Funding 164
Listofabbreviations 127 Summarypoints 164
Introduction 127 References 164
Ac¸a´ıantioxidants 128 Furtherreading 167
Antioxidantactivityofac¸a´ı:invitrobioassays 129
Antioxidantactivityofac¸a´ı:animalmodelassays 130
Antioxidantactivityofac¸a´ı:humanstudies 130 16. Artichoke leaf extract and use in metabolic
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 131 syndrome as an antioxidant
Summarypoints 132
KHATEREHREZAZADEHANDMEHRANGIZEBRAHIMI-MAMEGHANI
References 132
Listofabbreviations 169
Introduction 169
13. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and neuronal cell
Oxidativestressandmetabolicsyndrome 170
protection
Antioxidantsandmetabolicsyndrome 171
NATALIECORTES,RAFAELPOSADA-DUQUE,GLORIAPATRICIA Artichokeleafextract:bioactivecompounds,
CARDONA-GO´MEZ,JAUMEBASTIDAANDEDISONOSORIO pharmacokinetics,andsafety 171
Artichokeleafextract,oxidativestress,andmetabolic
Listofabbreviations 135
syndrome 173
Introduction 135
Conclusion 175
Neurodegenerativediseasesandneuronalcelldamage 136
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 175
Oxidativestressrelatedwithneuronalcelldamage 137
Summarypoints 175
Currentpharmacotherapyofdementias(mainlyAlzheimer’s
References 176
disease) 138
Amaryllidaceaealkaloids 139
Efficacyofamaryllidaceaealkaloidsinoxidativestressand 17. Bilberry anthocyanins as agents to address
neuronalcelldamage 139
oxidative stress
Conclusion 141
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 142 JERRYT.THORNTHWAITE,SETHP.THIBADOANDKYLEA.
THORNTHWAITE
Summarypoints 142
Acknowledgments 142
Listofabbreviations 179
References 142
Introduction 179
Otherareasofpathology 179
14. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich food as Chemistryofbilberryanthocyanins 180
Whyplantscontainanthocyanins 181
antioxidants in bone pathology
Whyhumansandanimalsmustconsumeanthocyanins 181
JUNICHIR.SAKAKI,MELISSAM.MELOUGHANDOCKK.CHUN Bilberryanticanceractivity 181
Bilberryprotectiveeffectagainstchemotherapyandradiation
Listofabbreviations 145
therapy 182
Introduction 145
Bilberry’simportanceinthepreventionandtreatmentof
Oxidativestressandinflammation 146
cardiovasculardisease 183
Bonephysiologyandpathologyunderoxidativestress 146
Bilberry’simportanceinthepreventionandtreatmentof
Dietaryanthocyaninsasantioxidants 147
diabetes 183
Cellstudies 147
Bilberryandmaculardegeneration(vision) 184
Animalbonediseasemodels 149
Bilberry’simportanceinpreventingandcuringdementiaand
Humanstudies 155
Alzheimer’sdisease 184
Conclusion 156
Summarypoints 185
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 156
Acknowledgments 185
Summarypoints 156
References 185
References 156
18. Clitoria ternatea beverages and antioxidant usage
15. Ascorbic acid as an antioxidant and applications
SIRICHAIADISAKWATTANA,PORNTIPPASUKAMONSETAND
to the central nervous system
CHAROONSRICHUSAK
MORGANAMORETTIANDANALU´CIAS.RODRIGUES
Listofabbreviations 189
Introduction 159 Introduction 189
Ascorbicacidapplicationsinneurodegenerativediseases 160 UseofClitoriaternateaflowers 190
viii
Contents
Bioactivecomponents 190 22. Extra virgin olive oil polyphenols: biological
AntioxidantpropertiesofClitoriaternateaflowers 190 properties and antioxidant activity
Toxicity 193
ANNALISASILENZI,CLAUDIOGIOVANNINI,BEATRICESCAZZOCCHIO,
Humanstudy 193
ROSARIAVAR`I,MASSIMOD’ARCHIVIO,CARMELASANTANGELOAND
Fooduses 193
ROBERTAMASELLA
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 193
Conclusions 194 Listofabbreviations 225
Summarypoints 195 Introduction 225
References 195 Oliveoilcharacteristicandextractionproceduresthatinfluence
EVOOantioxidantproperties 226
Extravirginoliveoilpolyphenols 226
19. Curcumin and related antioxidants:
Applicationsinotherareasofpathology 231
applications to tissue pathology Summarypoints 231
References 231
CAROLINAALVESDOSSANTOS,MAHENDRARAI,
JOSE´MARTINSDEOLIVEIRAJR,FERNANDODESA´ DELFIOL,
ROGERIOAUGUSTOPROFETA,DENICEZARBALDOAND
MARCOVINI´CIUSCHAUD 23. Ginkgo biloba extract as an antioxidant in nerve
regeneration
Listofabbreviations 197
Introduction 197 NAHIDEEKICI-GU¨NAY
Antiinflammatoryactivity 198
Listofabbreviations 235
Antitumoralproperties 200
Introduction 235
Activityinmyocardialdiseases 200
Peripheralnerveinjury 235
Antineurodegenerativeeffect 201
Neurodegenerationandneuroregeneration 236
Asanantimicrobialagent 201
Intracellularsignalingandangiogenesisinneuronal
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 202
regeneration 237
Therapeuticchallenges 202
Oxidativestressinneurodegenerativeprocesses 238
Conclusionandfutureperspectives 203
Ginkgobiloba 238
Summarypoints 203
Summarypoints 243
References 203
References 243
20. Dacryodes edulis: protective antioxidant
24. Lycopene as an antioxidant in human health and
effects on diabetes pathology
diseases
OLAKUNLESANNI,OCHUKOL.ERUKAINUREAND
MD.SHAHIDULISLAM HATICEGU¨LANLARANDMERVEBACANLI
Introduction 205 Listofabbreviations 247
PhytochemistryofDacryodeedulis 205 Introduction 247
Diabeticpathogenesis 207 Chemistryandsources 248
ProtectiveeffectsofD.edulisindiabetespathology 207 Pharmacokineticsandbioavailability 248
Proposedprotectivemechanismofdiabetespathologyof Antioxidanteffects 249
D.edulis 209 Cancer 249
Conclusion 209 Cardiovasculardiseases 250
Conflictofinterests 209 Hepaticandrenaldiseases 250
Acknowledgment 210 Conclusion 252
References 210 Summarypoints 252
References 252
21. Protective role of epigallocatechin gallate, a
25. Mediterranean diet: the role of antioxidants in
dietary antioxidant against oxidative stress in
liver disease
various diseases
LUDOVICOABENAVOLI,LORENZOROMANO,PAOLAGUALTIERI,
PUNNIYAKOTIVEERAVEEDUTHANIKACHALAM,SRINIVASAN
GEMMALOUDESANTISANDANTONINODELORENZO
RAMAMURTHY,ANOOPKUMAR,MEENAKSHIGUPTAAND
GARIMABANSAL
Listofabbreviations 255
Listofabbreviations 213 Introduction 255
Introduction 213 Applicationsinotherareasofdisease 257
Summarypoints 221 Nonalcoholicfattyliverdisease 258
References 221 Alcoholicliverdisease 260
ix
Contents
Conclusions 262 Type2diabetes 301
Summarypoints 262 Therapeuticapplicationsofphenolicsandobesity 301
References 263 Conclusion 306
Conflictofinterest 306
Acknowledgment 306
26. Melatonin, antioxidant capacity, and male
Summarypoints 306
reproductive function References 306
FAHIMEHMOHAMMADGHASEMI
30. Pistachio nut, its virgin oil, and their
Listofabbreviations 265
antioxidant and bioactive activities
Introduction 265
Concludingremarks 272 MARI´ADESAMPARADOSSALVADOR,ROSAM.OJEDA-AMADORAND
Summarypoints 273 GIUSEPPEFREGAPANE
References 273
Listofabbreviations 309
Introduction 309
27. Methylsulfonylmethane as an antioxidant Applicationstopathology 311
Beneficiallipidiccomponents 312
and its use in pathology
Antioxidantvitamins(ACE) 313
MATTHEWBUTAWAN,RODNEYL.BENJAMINAND Antioxidantminerals(Se,Cu,Zn,Mn) 314
RICHARDJ.BLOOMER
Polarphenoliccompounds 315
Summarypoints 316
Listofabbreviations 277
References 317
Introduction 277
Furtherreading 320
Overviewofantioxidanteffects 279
Methylsulfonylmethaneinoxidativestresspathology 281
Conclusion 286 31. Sambucus ebulus L., antioxidants and
Summarypoints 286 potential in disease
References 286
ALEKSANDRACVETANOVIC´
Listofabbreviations 321
28. Improving antioxidant capacity of foods: adding
Introduction 321
mushroom powder to pasta
Traditionaluse 322
LIWENWANG,MARGARETANNEBRENNANAND Chemicalcomposition 323
CHARLESSTEPHENBRENNAN Antioxidantpotential 326
Anticanceractivity 328
Listofabbreviations 289
OtherbiologicalactivitiesofSambucusebulus 329
Introduction 289
Applicationinotherareasofpathology 331
Oxidativestress 289
Conclusion 331
Majorantioxidantsofmushrooms 290
Summarypoints 331
Antioxidantmechanismsindifferentmodels 292
Acknowledgment 331
Applicationsinotherareasofpathology 295
References 331
Summarypoints 295
References 295
32. Selenium usage and oxidative stress in Graves’
disease and Graves’ orbitopathy
29. Phenolics: therapeutic applications against
oxidative injury in obesity and type 2 diabetes MICHELEMARINO`,GIULIALANZOLLA,GIOVANNAROTONDO
DOTTOREANDCLAUDIOMARCOCCI
pathology
Listofabbreviations 335
VERONICAF.SALAU,OCHUKOL.ERUKAINUREAND
MD.SHAHIDULISLAM Introduction 335
Applicationstootherareasofpathology 336
Listofabbreviations 297 OxidativestressinGraves’hyperthyroidism 336
Introduction 297 OxidativestressinGraves’orbitopathy 337
Phenolics 298 UseofantioxidantsinthemanagementofGraves’orbitopathy 338
Phenolicacids 298 Selenium 339
Flavonoids 298 UseofseleniuminGraves’hyperthyroidism 339
Lignansandneolignans 299 UseofseleniuminGraves’orbitopathy 340
Tannins 299 Summarypoints 343
Oxidativestress:reactivespeciesandantioxidants 299 References 343
Obesity 300 Furtherreading 344