Passive, active, and digital filters (The Circuits and Filters Handbook)

829 Pages·2009·18.57 MB·English

by  Wai-Kai Chen

Passive, Active,
and Digital
Filters
The Circuits and Filters
Handbook
Third Edition
Edited by
Wai-Kai Chen
Fundamentals of Circuits and Filters
Feedback, Nonlinear, and Distributed Circuits
Analog and VLSI Circuits
Computer Aided Design and Design Automation
Passive, Active, and Digital Filters
The Circuits and Filters Handbook
Third Edition
Passive, Active,
and Digital
Filters
Edited by
Wai-Kai Chen
University of Illinois
Chicago, U. S. A.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-5885-7 (Hardcover)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been
made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid-
ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright
holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this
form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may
rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti-
lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy-
ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the
publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://
www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,
978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For orga-
nizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Passive, active, and digital filters / edited by Wai-Kai Chen.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-5885-7
ISBN-10: 1-4200-5885-1
1. Electric filters, Digital. 2. Electric filters, Passive. 3. Electric filters, Active. I. Chen, Wai-Kai,
1936- II. Title.
TK7872.F5P375 2009
621.3815’324--dc22 2008048117
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface...................................................................................................................................................ix
Editor-in-Chief....................................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ......................................................................................................................................xiii
SECTION I Passive Filters
1 General Characteristics of Filters ...................................................................................... 1-1
Andreas Antoniou
2 Approximation.......................................................................................................................2-1
ArticeM. Davis
3 Frequency Transformations................................................................................................ 3-1
JaimeRamirez-Angulo
4 Sensitivity and Selectivity.................................................................................................... 4-1
Igor M. Filanovsky
5 Passive Immittances and Positive-Real Functions......................................................... 5-1
Wai-Kai Chen
6 Passive Cascade Synthesis................................................................................................... 6-1
Wai-Kai Chen
7 Synthesis of LCM and RC One-Port Networks............................................................. 7-1
Wai-Kai Chen
8 Two-Part Synthesis by Ladder Development................................................................. 8-1
Wai-Kai Chen
9 Design of Resistively Terminated Networks................................................................... 9-1
Wai-Kai Chen
10 Design of Broadband Matching Networks....................................................................10-1
Wai-Kai Chen
v
vi Contents
SECTION II Active Filters
11 Low-Gain Active Filters.....................................................................................................11-1
PhillipE. Allen, Benjamin J.Blalock, and Stephen W. Milam
12 Single-Amplifier Multiple-Feedback Filters ..................................................................12-1
F. WilliamStephenson
13 Multiple-Amplifier Biquads..............................................................................................13-1
NorbertJ.Fliege
14 The Current Generalized Immittance Converter Biquads ........................................14-1
Wasfy B. Mikhael
15 High-Order Filters ..............................................................................................................15-1
RolfSchaumann
16 Continuous-Time Integrated Filters...............................................................................16-1
RolfSchaumann
17 Switched-Capacitor Filters................................................................................................17-1
JoseSilva-Martinez and Edgar Sánchez-Sinencio
SECTION III Digital Filters
18 FIR Filters .............................................................................................................................18-1
M.H.Er,Andreas Antoniou,YongChing Lim, andTapio Saramäki
19 IIR Filters..............................................................................................................................19-1
SawasdTantaratana,Chalie Charoenlarpnopparut,
Phakphoom Boonyanant, and Yong Ching Lim
20 Finite Wordlength Effects.................................................................................................20-1
Bruce W.Bomar
21 VLSI Implementation of Digital Filters.........................................................................21-1
Joseph B. Evans andTimothyR. Newman
22 Two-Dimensional FIR Filters...........................................................................................22-1
Rashid Ansari andA. Enis Cetin
23 Two-Dimensional IIR Filters............................................................................................23-1
A. G.Constantinides and Xiaojian Xu
24 1-D Multirate Filter Banks................................................................................................24-1
Nick G.Kingsburyand David B. H.Tay
25 Directional Filter Banks.....................................................................................................25-1
JoseGerardoRosiles andMarkJ.T. Smith
26 Nonlinear Filtering Using Statistical Signal Models ...................................................26-1
KennethE. Barner, Tuncer C.Aysal, andGonzaloR. Arce
Contents vii
27 Nonlinear Filtering for Image Denoising......................................................................27-1
Nasir M. Rajpoot, Zhen Yao, andRolandG.Wilson
28 Video Demosaicking Filters..............................................................................................28-1
Bahadir K. Gunturk and Yucel Altunbasak
Index................................................................................................................................................IN-1

Preface
As circuit complexity continues to increase, the microelectronic industry must possess the ability to
quickly adapt to the market changes and new technology through automation and simulations. The
purposeofthisbookistoprovideinasinglevolumeacomprehensivereferenceworkcoveringthebroad
spectrum of filter design from passive, active, to digital. The book is written and developed for the
practicingelectricalengineersandcomputerscientistsinindustry,government,andacademia.Thegoal
istoprovidethemostup-to-dateinformationinthefield.
Overtheyears,thefundamentalsofthefieldhaveevolvedtoincludeawiderangeoftopicsandabroad
rangeofpractice.Toencompasssuchawiderangeofknowledge,thisbookfocusesonthekeyconcepts,
models, and equations that enable the design engineer to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of
large-scale systems that employ various types of filters. While design formulas and tables are listed,
emphasisisplacedonthekeyconceptsandtheoriesunderlyingtheprocesses.
Thisbookstressesfundamentaltheorybehindprofessionalapplicationsandusesseveralexamplesto
reinforcethispoint.Extensivedevelopmentoftheoryanddetailsofproofshavebeenomitted.Thereader
isassumedtohaveacertaindegreeofsophisticationandexperience.However,briefreviewsoftheories,
principles,andmathematicsofsomesubjectareasaregiven.Thesereviewshavebeendoneconciselywith
perception.
The compilation of this book would not have been possible without the dedication and efforts of
ProfessorRashidAnsariandDr.A.EnisCetin,andmostofallthecontributingauthors.Iwishtothank
themall.
Wai-KaiChen
ix