Parking Structures: Planning, Design, Construction, Maintenance and Repair

858 Pages·2001·24.132 MB·English

by  Anthony P. Chrest, Mary S. Smith, Sam Bhuyan, Mohammad Iqbal, Donald R. Monahan (auth.)

P A R K I NG
STRUCTURES
PLANNING, DESIGN,
CONSTRUCTION,
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
T h i rd E d i t i on
P A R K I NG
STRUCTURES
PLANNING, DESIGN,
CONSTRUCTION,
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR
T h i rd E d i t i on
Anthony P. Chrest
Mary S. Smith
Sam Bhuyan
Mohammad Iqbal
Donald R. Monahan
w
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Parking structures: planning, design, construction, maintenance, and repair/ Anthony P.
Chrest...[et al.].—3rd ed.
p.cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-5623-3 ISBN 978-1-4615-1577-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1577-7
1. Parking garages—Design and construction—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Chrest,
Anthony P.
TL 175 .C48 2000
690'.538—dc21
00-046285
Copyright © 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York. Third Printing 2004.
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publisher in 2001
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo
copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed on acid-free paper.
To our colleagues at Walker Parking ConsultantslEngineers, Inc.,
All of who have helped make this book possible.
Please visit the Walker Parking Consultants/Engineers, Inc. website at
www.walkerparking.com
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in
regard to the subject matter covered; nevertheless, it is sold with the understanding
that the authors and publishers are not engaged in rendering professional advice or
services to the reader. The material in this publication is obtained from sources
believed to be reliable, but the publishers and authors are not responsible for any
errors or omissions. Before application of any of the materials set forth herein, seek
the services of a competent professional.
CONTENTS
List of Figures xiii
List of Tables xxv
Preface xxix
Acknowledgements xxix
Authors xxx
1 INTRODUCTION
Anthony P. Chrest
1.1 Background
1.2 Purpose
1.3 Parking Structure Peculiarities
1.4 Organization of the Book
2 PLANNING FOR STRUCTURED PARKING 7
Mary S. Smith
2.1 Introduction
2.2 How Many Spaces Are Needed?
2.3 The cost of Parking
2.4 Evaluation of Parking Options
2.5 Conclusion
3 FUNCTIONAL DESIGN 37
Mary S. Smith
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Level-of-Service Approach
3.3 Circulation Systems
3.4 Parking Geometrics
3.5 Flow Capacity Considerations
3.6 Pedestrian Flow Capacity
3.7 Putting It All Together
Vlll
3.8 Summary
3.9 References
Appendix Case Study
4 ACCESS DESIGN 103
Mary S. Smith
4.1 Introduction
4.2 PARC Systems
4.3 Cost-Effectiveness: Choosing the Right System
4.4 Determining Lane requirements
4.5 References
Appendix Case Study
5 BUILDING CODES 153
Mary S. Smith
5.1 What Codes Apply?
5.2 Life Safety Issues
5.3 Basic Issues
5.4 Fire Protection Systems
5.5 Means of Egress
5.6 Ventilation
5.7 Sanitation
5.8 Guardrails and Vehicular Barriers
5.9 Other
5.10 References
Appendix Case Study
6 SECURITY 247
Mary S. Smith
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Crime in Parking Facilities
6.3 The Security Audit
6.4 Design Features
6.5 Summary
6.6 References
ix
7 SAFETY 267
Donald R. Monahan
7.1 Pedestrian Safety
7.2 Vehicle Safety
7.3 Summary
7.4 References
8 MECHANICAL ACCESS PARKING STRUCTURES 281
Donald R. Monahan
8.1 History
8.2 Types of Mechanical Parking Systems
8.3 Operational Issues
8.4 Design Issues
8.5 Cost Issues
8.6 Summary
8.7 References
9 LIGHTING 299
Donald R. Monahan
9.1 Basic Concepts
9.2 Lighting Design Issues
9.3 Summary
9.4 References
10 SIGNAGE 333
Mary S. Smith
10.1 What Must Be Communicated?
10.2 Graphics
10.3 Construction Details
10.4 Floor Arrows and Stall Striping
10.5 References
x
11 ACCESSIBLE PARKING DESIGN 359
Mary S. Smith
11.1 Introduction to ADA
11.2 Parking Design under ADAAG
11.3 Summary
11.4 References
12 STRUCTURE 417
Anthony P. Chrest
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Design
12.3 Structural System Selection
12.4 Volume-Change Effects
12.5 Problem Areas
12.6 Summary
13 PLAZA DECK SYSTEMS 481
Sam Bhuyan
13.1 Introduction
13.2 General
13.3 Protected Membrane Systems
13.4 Plaza Deck System Components
13.5 Plaza Deck System Design Considerations
13.6 Summary
14 SEISMIC DESIGN 511
Mohammad Iqbal
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Causes of Structural Failure
14.3 Code Design Philosophy
14.4 Lateral Force Resisting Components
14.5 Floor and Ramp systems
14.6 Ramp Trusses
14.7 Moment Frames
14.8 Shearwalls
14.9 Structural System Selection
14.10 Case Histories
14.11 References
15 DESIGNING FOR DURABILITY 547
Anthony P. Chrest
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Built-In Protection Systems
15.3 Exterior Protection Systems
15.4 Summary
16 SPECIFICA TlONS 573
Anthony P. Chrest
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Communication
16.3 Performance Specifications
16.4 Specification Production
16.5 Division 1
16.6 Division 3
16.7 Keeping Current
16.8 Summary
17 CONSTRUCTION 585
Anthony P. Chrest
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Communication
17.3 Buildable Details
17.4 Construction Sequence
17.5 Site Visits
17.6 Precast Concrete Plant Visits
17.7 Summary
17.8 Transition
Appendix 17-1 Guidelines for Field Observations for a Cast-In-Place
Unbonded Post-tensioned Concrete Parking Structure
Appendix 17-2 Field Observation Guidelines for a Precast Concrete Structure
Appendix 17-3 Checklist for a Precast Concrete Plant Visit
18 MAINTENANCE 611
Sam Bhuyan
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Recommended Maintenance Program and Checklist
18.3 Cost of Maintenance
Appendix 18-1 Chloride Monitoring Chart
Appendix 18-2 Parking Maintenance Tasks and Recommended Frequencies
Appendix 18-3 Annual Structural Checklists
Appendix 18-4 Sample Annual Condition Survey Summary
19 REPAIR INVESTIGATION 651
Sam Bhuyan
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Approach to Restoring a Parking Structure
19.3 Concrete Deterioration
19.4 Condition Appraisal
Appendix 19-1 Condition Appraisal forms
20 REPAIR - IMPLEMENTATION 761
Sam Bhuyan
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Repair Methods
20.3 Repair Materials
20.4 Selection of Repair Approach and Method
20.5 Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Repair Alternatives
20.6 Repair Documents and Construction Issues
20.7 Maintenance Program
INDEX 827