PARATUBERCULOSIS : organism, disease, control.

441 Pages·2020·7.903 MB·English

Paratuberculosis P
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Organism, Disease, Control
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2nd Edition b
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Edited by Marcel A. Behr, Karen Stevenson and Vivek Kapur c
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Paratuberculosis, also referred to as Johne’s disease, affects principally o
cattle, goats, sheep, buffalo, deer and other ruminants. It is common
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worldwide and responsible for significant economic losses in the
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ruminant livestock industries. A timely follow up to the first book on

paratuberculosis, this new edition is still the only comprehensive text
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providing both historical context and the latest developments in the
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field. Examining the epidemiology of paratuberculosis, the organism g
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that causes the disease, and practical aspects of its diagnosis and n
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control, it also addresses the link between paratuberculosis in the food s
m Organism, Disease, Control
chain and human health implications, including Crohn’s disease.
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This new edition:
2nd Edition
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• Builds on a strong foundation to update, streamline and better e
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structure existing chapters with important new developments from s
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the last decade, such as whole genome sequencing; Edited by Marcel A. Behr, Karen Stevenson and Vivek Kapur
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• Includes new chapters on the fast-growing field of whole genome
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based comparative genomics, and the increasing opportunities for n
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disease control in low- and middle-income countries; ro
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• Increases inclusivity by bringing on board new rising star authors
from diverse backgrounds to provide international perspectives.
A truly comprehensive, critical reference resource, this book is an 2nd Edition
essential reference for large animal veterinarians, livestock industry
personnel and those involved in the dairy and meat industries, as well
as microbiologists, researchers and students in these fields. Behr
Stevenson
Kapur
Cover images: Vivek Kapur (top) and
Michael Collins (bottom)
Space for bar code with
ISBN included
Paratuberculosis
Organism, Disease, Control
2nd Edition

Paratuberculosis
Organism, Disease, Control
2nd Edition
Edited by
Marcel A. Behr 
McGill University, Montreal, Canada 
Karen Stevenson
Moredun Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK 
and
Vivek Kapur  
Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Behr, Marcel A., editor.
Title: Paratuberculosis : organism, disease, control / edited by Marcel A.
Behr, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Karen Stevenson, Moredun
Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK, and Vivek Kapur, Pennsylvania State
University, Pennsylvania.
Description: Second edition. | Wallingford, Oxfordshire ; Boston, MA : CAB
International, [2020] | Revised edition of: Paratuberculosis / edited by
Marcel A. Behr and Desmond M. Collins. c2010. | Includes bibliographical
references and index. | Summary: “This new edition is the only
comprehensive text on Paratuberculosis, providing historical context and
state-of-the-art knowledge. It examines epidemiology, the organism that
causes the disease, and practical aspects of its diagnosis and control,
as well as the link between paratuberculosis in the food chain and human
health implications”-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020024158 (print) | LCCN 2020024159 (ebook) | ISBN
9781789243413 (hardback) | ISBN 9781789243420 (ebook) | ISBN
9781789243437 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Paratuberculosis.
Classification: LCC SF809.P375 P37 2020 (print) | LCC SF809.P375 (ebook)
| DDC 636.2/089634--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020024158
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020024159
ISBN-13: 9781789243413 (hardback)
9781789243420 (ePDF)
9781789243437 (ePub)
Commissioning Editor: Alex Lainsbury
Editorial Assistant: Lauren Davies
Production Editor: Tim Kapp
Typeset by Exeter Premedia Services Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India
Printed and bound in the UK by Severn, Gloucester
Contents
Contributors vii
Preface ix
Marcel A. Behr, Karen Stevenson and Vivek Kapur
1 Epidemiology, Global Prevalence and Economics of Infection 1
Jamie Imada, David F. Kelton and Herman W. Barkema
2 Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Animal-Derived
Foods and the Environment 14
Irene R. Grant
3 Paratuberculosis and Crohn’s Disease 29
Shannon C. Duffy and Marcel A. Behr
4 Genetics of Host Susceptibility to Paratuberculosis 45
Holly L. Neibergs and Jennifer N. Kiser
5 Mycobacterium avium Complex 64
Christine Y. Turenne and David C. Alexander
6 Comparative Genomics and Genomic Epidemiology of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis Strains 76
Karen Stevenson and Christina Ahlstrom
7 Molecular Genetics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 92
Govardhan Rathnaiah, Fernanda M. Shoyama, Evan P. Brenner, Denise K. Zinniel,
John P. Bannantine, Srinand Sreevatsan, Ofelia Chacon and Raúl G. Barletta
8 Proteins and Antigens of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 104
John P. Bannantine and Vivek Kapur
v
vi Contents
9 Host–Pathogen Interactions and Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis 120
Paul Coussens, Justin L. DeKuiper, Fernanda M. Shoyama, Evan Brenner, Elise A. Lamont,
Edward Kabara and Srinand Sreevatsan
10 Drug Susceptibility Testing and Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycobacterium
avium subsp. paratuberculosis 139
Jaryd R. Sullivan and Marcel A. Behr
11 Paratuberculosis in Cattle 149
Marie-Eve Fecteau
12 Paratuberculosis in Sheep 160
Douglas Begg and Richard Whittington
13 Paratuberculosis in Goats 174
Kari R. Lybeck, Girum T. Tessema, Annette H. Kampen, Berit Djønne and
Angelika Agdestein
14 Paratuberculosis in Deer, Camelids and Other Ruminants 188
Rory O’Brien, Colin Mackintosh and Frank Griffin
15 Infection of Non-Ruminant Wildlife by Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis 200
Naomi J. Fox, Lesley A. Smith, Karen Stevenson, Ross S. Davidson, Glenn Marion and
Michael R. Hutchings
16 Experimental Animal Models of Paratuberculosis 213
Adel M. Talaat, Chia-wei Wu and Murray E. Hines II
17 Immunology of Paratuberculosis Infection and Disease 248
Judith R. Stabel, Ad Koets and Kumudika de Silva
18 Cultivation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis 266
Richard Whittington
19 Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis by PCR 305
Karren M. Plain, Ian Marsh and Auriol C. Purdie
20 Immune-Based Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis 333
Søren Saxmose Nielsen
21 Paratuberculosis Control Measures 346
Karsten Donat, Susanne Eisenberg and Richard Whittington
22 Paratuberculosis Vaccines and Vaccination 365
Ramón A. Juste, Joseba M. Garrido, Natalia Elguezabal and Iker A. Sevilla
23 Development of New Paratuberculosis Vaccines 380
Tim Bull
Index 409
Contributors
David C. Alexander, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. E-mail: david.
[email protected]
Angelika Agdestein, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. E-mail: angelika.agdestein@
vetinst.no
Christina Ahlstrom, USGS Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. E-mail: cahlstrom@usgs.
gov
John P. Bannantine, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA. E-mail: john.
[email protected]
Herman W. Barkema, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Raúl G. Barletta, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Douglas Begg, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Marcel A. Behr, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Evan P. Brenner, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. E-mail: brenne72@msu.
edu
Tim Bull, St George’s University, London, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Ofelia Chacon, Medical Science Magnet, School District of Palm Beach, Palm Beach Gardens,
Florida, USA.
Paul Coussens, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. E-mail: coussens@msu.
edu
Ross S. Davidson, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Justin L. DeKuiper, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. E-mail: dekuipe5@
msu.edu
Kumudika de Silva, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Berit Djønne, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected]
Karsten Donat, Thuringian Animal Disease Fund, Animal Health Service, Jena, Germany and
Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Hesse, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]
Shannon C. Duffy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Natalia Elguezabal, NEIKER, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
Susanne Eisenberg, Animal Disease Fund of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany. E-mail: susanne.
[email protected]
Marie-Eve Fecteau, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA. E-mail:
[email protected]
vii
viii Contributors
Naomi J. Fox, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Joseba M. Garrido, NEIKER, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
Irene R. Grant, Queen’s University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. E-mail: [email protected]
J. Frank Griffin, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]
Murray E. Hines II, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. E-mail:
[email protected]
Michael R. Hutchings, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Jamie Imada, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Ramón A. Juste, NEIKER, Derio, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
Edward Kabara, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Vivek Kapur, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA. E-mail: vxk1@psu.
edu
Annette H. Kampen, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. E-mail: annette.kampen@
vetinst.no
David F. Kelton, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Jennifer N. Kiser, Washington State University, Washington, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Ad Koets, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands and Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]
Elise A. Lamont, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Kari R. Lybeck, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected]
Colin G. Mackintosh, AgResearch, Invermay, New Zealand. E-mail: colin.mackintosh@
agresearch.co.nz
Glenn Marion, Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail: glenn.marion@
bioss.ac.uk
Ian Marsh, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW Department of Primary
Industries Menangle, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Holly L. Neibergs, Washington State University, Washington, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Søren Saxmose Nielsen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: saxmose@
sund.ku.dk
Rory O’Brien, DRL, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]
Karren M. Plain, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney,
Sydney, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Auriol C. Purdie, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney,
Sydney, Australia. E-mail: [email protected]
Govardhan Rathnaiah, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. E-mail: gopichowvet@
gmail.com
Iker A. Sevilla, NEIKER, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
Fernanda M. Shoyama, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. E-mail:
[email protected]
Lesley A. Smith, SRUC, Edinburgh, UK. E-mail: [email protected]
Srinand Sreevatsan, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. E-mail: sreevats@
msu.edu
Judith R. Stabel, USDA-ARS, Ames, Iowa, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Karen Stevenson, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK. E-mail: karen.stevenson@moredun.
ac.uk
Jaryd R. Sullivan, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]
Adel M. Talaat, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Girum T. Tessema, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway. E-mail: [email protected]
Christine Y. Turenne, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. E-mail: cturenne@
sharedhealthmb.ca
Richard Whittington, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. E-mail: richard.whittington@
sydney.edu.au
Chia-wei Wu, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Denise K. Zinniel, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Preface
In the preface to the first edition, it was noted, with perhaps only a hint of irony, that paratuber-
culosis is ‘not a disease on which fast progress has been made’. This remains a truism, and during
the past decade and a half since the first edition was written and published, much has changed, yet
much remains the same. To capture the state of knowledge, thought leaders in the field of para-
tuberculosis detail in the 23 chapters (condensed from 29 chapters) of this second edition, all the
many improvements in the understanding of the epidemiology of the pathogen, the organism and
its association with various hosts, as well as how to better diagnose infection and control disease.
In so many ways, the progress is remarkable – yet much remains the same. Paratuberculosis is still
stubbornly endemic across most of the world, and progress in control of the spread is dependent
almost entirely on avoiding infection in the first instance through what might be considered largely
as good husbandry practices that limit opportunities of transmission. Vaccines are still rarely used,
not because they are entirely ineffective, but rather because they confound diagnosis of tuberculo-
sis and the business case for their use remains unclear. Importantly as well, the long-hypothesized
association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Crohn’s disease remains just that.
However, there are several good reasons that this is just the right time to collectively take stock of
what we have learnt and how far we have come; to begin to harmonize use of common terminology
to facilitate better understanding; as well as to share perspectives on what might be achieved in the
coming decades and how we might get there.
In this new edition of the book we have reorganized some of the chapters to incorporate and
place in context additional information that has come to light since the last edition. With the focus
being on new information, the chapter on the history of paratuberculosis has been omitted since the
advances of the past two decades are implicit in the chapters in the new edition. With more research-
ers using whole genome sequencing, there is a plethora of new data on phylogenomics, epidemiolo-
gy and strain diversity, and this information has been captured in Chapter 6 (Stevenson) rather than
being distributed across chapters on the genome, on strain characterization and on comparative
differences between strains. We have combined the first-edition chapters on experimental ruminant
and small animal models. Likewise, the three chapters on control of paratuberculosis in Europe, the
USA and Australia have been combined, together with new information from other countries, to
provide a more balanced overview.
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