Papers on the Science of Administration (Early Sociology of Management and Organizations)

214 Pages·2003·2.35 MB·English

by  Luther Gulick

THE EARLY SOCIOLOGY OF
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS
THE EARLY SOCIOLOGY OF MANAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATIONS
VOLUME I
Scientific Management
Frederick Winslow Taylor
Comprising:
Shop Management
The Principles of Scientific Management
Testimony Before the Special House Committee
VOLUME II
The Philosophy of Management
Oliver Sheldon
VOLUME III
Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett
Edited by Henry C.Metcalf and L.Urwick
VOLUME IV
Papers on the Science of Administration
Edited by Luther Gulick and L.Urwick
VOLUME V
Management and the Worker
F.J.Roethlisberger and William J.Dickson
VOLUME VI
The Human Problems of an Industrial Civilization
Elton Mayo
VOLUME VII
Organization and Management: Selected Papers
Chester L.Barnard
VOLUME VIII
On the Shop Floor: Two Studies of Workshop Organization and Output
T.Lupton
THE EARLY SOCIOLOGY
OF MANAGEMENT AND
ORGANIZATIONS
Edited by Kenneth Thompson
VOLUME IV
Papers on the Science of Administration
Edited by Luther Gulick and L.Urwick
LONDON AND NEWYORK
First published 1937 by the Institute of Public Administration, New York
This edition published 2003
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
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Copyright © 1937 by Institute of Public Administration
Editorial matter and selection © 2003 Kenneth Thompson
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing
from the publishers.
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A catalog record for this book has been requested.
ISBN 0-203-50924-2 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-57070-7 (Adobe eReader Format)
ISBN 0-415-27982-8 (Print Edition)
ISBN 0-415-27986-0 (Print Edition)
Publisher’s Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint
but points out that some imperfections in the original book may be apparent.
PAPERS ON THE SCIENCE OF
ADMINISTRATIONBYLUTHER GULICK,
L.URWICK, JAMES D.MOONEY HENRI
FAYOL, HENRY S.DENNISON,
L.J.HENDERSON T.N.WHITEHEAD,
ELTON MAYO, MARY P.FOLLETT JOHN
LEE, V.A.GRAICUNAS
Edited by
LUTHER GULICK and L.URWICK
INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
NEW YORK
1937
THE SECOND EDITION
During recent years extensive parts of these essays have been reproduced for
graduate students at the leading universities and for executives by business
corporations and welfare groups, because the Papers themselves have long been
out of print.
In the decade which has passed since the original printing, a great deal of
progress has been made in our understanding of the art and science of
administration. Still this collection of essays apparently continues to merit
attention. More and more throughout the world, thoughtful men are realizing that
the development, if not the survival, of civilization depends on organization,
coordination and the responsible and purposeful handling of human affairs; that
is, on the science and practice of administration. It is therefore hardly necessary
to apologize for bringing out a second printing unchanged except for the
omission of color work on certain charts, and the reduction of the page size to
conserve paper, without which neither modern government, nor business, nor
science, nor society can exist.
L.G.
New York City, August, 1947
FOREWORD
The papers brought together in this collection are essays by men scientifically
interested in the phenomena of administration. Most of these writers did their
thinking independently, in some cases without any acquaintance with the others,
or with their writings. The striking similarity and harmony of the analyses,
nomenclature, and hypotheses, frequently set forth as principles, is thus doubly
significant.
Few of these papers have been published or publicly circulated in such a way
as to make them accessible to practical administrators, scholars, or students. The
immediate occasion for this publication is the fact that no copies of the essential
papers in this collection could be found in any library in Washington at the time
when the President’s Committee on Administrative Management required these
documents for the use of members of its research staff.
In considering the proper content of this volume and in securing the
permission of the authors, or of their executors and heirs, for publication, it was
only natural to draw into the enterprise as associate editor L.Urwick. His
contributions speak for themselves.
It is the hope of the editors that the availability of these papers will advance
the analysis of administration, assist in the development of a standard
nomenclature, encourage others to criticize the hypotheses with regard to
administration herein set forth and to advance their own concepts fearlessly, and
to point the way to areas greatly in need of exploration. If those who are
concerned scientifically with the phenomena of getting things done through co-
operative human endeavor will proceed along these lines, we may expect in time
to construct a valid and accepted theory of administration.
This collection does not include anything from the writings of F.A.Cleveland,
Charles A.Beard, and A.E.Buck, whose works are well known, unless it is in my
own papers which grow directly from long years of association with them; nor
from W.F. Willoughby, Leonard D.White, Marshall Dimock or John Gaus, all of
whom have recently published books or essays dealing with administration, in a
form easily accessible to all.
We are indebted to the authors, and to their heirs and agents, for permitting
this publication of their pioneer works without expectation of royalty or reward,
viii
and to Miss Sarah Greer for the excellent translation of Henri Fayol’s paper, The
Administrative Theory in the State, which has not heretofore appeared in English.
Administrators, scholars and students of the logic of administration who find
this collection of value, must render their chief thanks to Miss Greer, who from
her vantage point as librarian of the Institute of Public Administration, insisted
that this collection was necessary, and who put back of the project that tireless
pressure and devotion which is necessary to the accomplishment of any
worthwhile purpose.
L.G.
New York City, June, 1937
CONTENTS
I. NOTES ON THE THEORY OF ORGANIZATION 1
LUTHER GULICK
II. ORGANIZATION AS A TECHNICAL PROBLEM 50
L.URWICK
III. THE PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION 98
JAMES D.MOONEY
IV. THE ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY IN THE STATE 1 08
HENRI FAYOL
V. THE FUNCTION OF ADMINISTRATION WITH SPECIAL 1 25
REFERENCE TO THE WORK OF HENRI FAYOL
L.URWICK
VI. THE NEED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL 1 41
SCIENCE ENGINEERING
HENRY S.DENNISON
VII. THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 1 53
L.J.HENDERSON, T.N.WHITEHEAD AND ELTON MAYO
VIII. THE PROCESS OF CONTROL 1 70
MARY PARKER FOLLETT
IX. THE PROS AND CONS OF FUNCTIONALIZATION 1 81
JOHN LEE
X. RELATIONSHIP IN ORGANIZATION 1 90
V.A.GRAICUNAS
XI. SCIENCE, VALUES AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1 98
LUTHER GULICK