Table Of ContentPAN-ISLAMIC CONNECTIONS
COMPARATIVE POLITICS
AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES SERIES
Series editors, Christophe Jaffrelot and Alain Dieckhoff
Series managing editor, Miriam Perier
The series consists of original manuscripts and translations of noteworthy
manuscripts and publications in the social sciences emanating from the
foremost French researchers.
The focus of the series is the transformation of politics and society by
transnational and domestic factors—globalisation, migration and religion.
States are more permeable to external influence than ever before and this
phenomenon is accelerating processes of social and political change the
world over. In seeking to understand and interpret these transformations,
this series gives priority to social trends from below as much as to the
interventions of state and nonstate actors.
Pan-Islamic
Connections
Transnational Networks Between
South Asia and the Gulf
edited by CHRISTOPHE JAFFRELOT AND
LAURENCE LOUËR
1
1
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© Christophe Jaffrelot, Laurence Louër, and the Contributors, 2017
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Christophe Jaffrelot and Laurence Louer (eds)
Pan-Islamic Connections:
Transnational Networks Between South Asia and the Gulf
ISBN: 978-019086-298-5
Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
Glossary
Contributors
Introduction: The Gulf–South Asia Religious Connections:
Indo-Islamic Civilization vs. pan-Islamism?
Christophe Jaffrelot and Laurence Louër 1
1. South Asian Muslims’ interactions with Arabian Islam until the 1990s.
Pan-Islamism before and after Pakistan
Christophe Jaffrelot 21
2. Pakistani Madrasas. Ideological Stronghold for Saudi Arabia and the
Gulf States
Ayesha Siddiqa 49
3. Narratives of Jihad and Islamic Identity: JUD/LeT and
the Gulf Connection(s)
Samina Yasmeen 73
4. The Salafi Emirate of Kunar between South Asia and the
Arabian Peninsula
Vahid Brown 91
5. Multinational Mujahidin: The Haqqani Network between South Asia
and the Arabian Peninsula
Don Rassler 117
6. The Arab–Gulf connections of the Taliban
Antonio Giustozzi 141
7. Pakistani Sufism in the Gulf: Structural Constraints, Modes of
Transplant and Remittances
Alix Philippon 155
8. Iran as an Islamic Interface between South Asia and the Gulf
Stéphane A. Dudoignon 177
9. Seeking Knowledge ‘from the cradle to the grave’: Shi‘a Networks
of Learning in India
Radhika Gupta 195
10. The Long Shadow of the State: The Iranian Revolution, Saudi Influence,
and the Shifting Arguments of anti-Shi‘a Sectarianism in Pakistan
Simon Wolfgang Fuchs 217
Conclusion
Christophe Jaffrelot and Laurence Louër 233
Notes 245
GLOSSARY
ahl al-dhimma: non-Muslims inhabiting in an Islamic state
Ahl-i-Hadith: an Islamic school of thought which emphasizes the
primacy of the Prophetic traditions (the Hadith) as
the source of Islamic law
akhlaq: morality, values
alim: see ulama
aqazada: lit. the ‘rich kids’, the Persian derogatory term for
the third generation of the political and religious
leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran
‘aql: rational reasoning
Ashura: mourning of the martyrdom of Imam Husein in
Shi‘a Islam, the tenth day of the month of Muharram
baraka: divine flow transmitted by Muslim saints
bid‘a: innovation
dar al-Islam: territory of Islam
dars al-kharij: the highest level of study in the Shi‘a religious sem-
inaries, which upon completion permits one to
claim the status of mujtahid
dar ul-hadith: house of the teaching of the prophetic traditions
darbar: royal court and/or audience
dargah tomb of a Sufi saint, mausoleum
:
dhikr/zikr: remembrance, devotional acts including rhythmic
repetitions in Sufi Islam
falsafa: philosophy
vii
GLOSSARY
faqih, pl. fuqaha: religious scholar specialist in religious jurisprudence
(fiqh)
fiqh: Islamic law, jurisprudence
fatwa: a legal ruling by a specialist in religious law
hadith: oral Islamic tradition reporting the Prophet’s words
and doings
Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca
hawzah ‘ilmiyya: religious seminary in Shi‘a Islam
hijra: lit. ‘migration’ and more particularly the migration
of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina in 622
Hijaz: the holy land of Islam, region comprising most of
the western part of modern-day Saudi Arabia
hudud: plural of hadd, lit. ‘limit’, punishment meted out for
certain violations of Islamic law
ijaza: certificate given by an alim that allows to teach
Islamic sciences
ijma: lit. ‘consensus’. The third source of Muslim law after
the Quran and Sunnah. Generally it refers to a con-
sensus among ulama
ijtihad: religious exegesis; the use of human reason, for
example, to interpret a rule of sharia law
imambargha or Shi‘a religious buildings in South Asia
imambara:
Imam-i Adil: supreme sovereign. In the Quran, ‘the man who is
dearest to God on the day of judgment is the Imam-
i Adil’
imam-jum‘a: lit. ‘Friday imam’, i.e. the imam who is pronouncing
the Friday sermon at the mosque
ja‘fari: name of the Shi‘a school of religious law
jagirs: land and even villages whose revenues went to gen-
erals or the local notables (including pirs) whom the
Emperors of the kings wanted to reward
viii
